Ubuzima
Paul Ekman ni umuhanga w'umunyamerika - imitekerereze, umuganga w'ubumenyi, wahoze ari umwarimu wa kaminuza ya Californiya, watanze ubuzima bwo kwiga amarangamutima ya muntu. Umwanditsi ufite impano, ashakisha igisubizo cyikibazo impamvu abantu babeshya nuburyo bwo kumenya umubeshyi wo kwiga "ubupfumu bwukuri", bikoreshwa cyane muri Criminology nibindi bice byubuzima rusange.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Paul Ecman yavutse ku ya 15 Gashyantare 1934 i Washington, Akarere ka Columbiya. Se yari umuvuzi, ahubwo ni nyina uvoka. Mushikiwabo wa Joyce yinjije psychologiya na mbere yizabukuru bakora muri New York.
Nkumwana, Ecman yari umwana ushoboye bidasanzwe. Ntarangiza amashuri yisumbuye, afite imyaka 15 yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Chicago, ahari imyaka 3 yakiriye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri psychologiya. Muri icyo gihe, Pawulo yashimishijwe n'amatsinda, yakorewe mu banyeshuri, harimo n'umwanditsi Susan Sontag, Umuyobozi Mike Nichols na OCHESS COLON irashobora.
Iyi myitozo yabaye insanganyamatsiko y'ubushakashatsi bwa mbere bw'umusore wa Ekman, yakoresheje muri kaminuza ya New York ayobowe na Porofeseri Mandari.
Mu 1955, Pawulo yarangije ishuri rya Adelphi kandi aburanira impamyabumenyi ye ya dogiteri kuri psychologiya. Ibikorwa bye byashingwa no kwitegereza abarwayi b'ikigo cy'ikigo cya Psychonelogiya ya Langley kandi bihabwa ubushakashatsi bwo mu maso na televiziyo.
Mu 1958, Ekman yahamagariye ingabo ku mwanya w'umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze ya gisirikare, aho, usibye isohozwa ry'inshingano zitaziguye, yakurikije impinduka mu mitekerereze n'imyitwarire y'abana bato.
Psychologiya
Nyuma y'igisirikare kirangiye, hasi yize ibiranga imyitwarire yo kuvuga mu barwayi b'ibitaro kuri Palo Alto Alto Alto Alto Alto Alto. Mu 1963, ubwo bushakashatsi bwafashije umuhanga ukiri muto kugira ngo ahebe mu kigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe imitekerereze yo mu mutwe (Nimh), mu myaka 40 yakurikiyeho yateye inkunga imishinga ya Ekman mu gusuzuma imyitwarire idahwitse.
Kwagura imiterere ya geografiya yiga, mu 1965 Pawulo yohereje ko ashishikajwe n'akarere ka Cross. Mu mizo ya mbere, yakurikiranye amarangamutima n'ibimenyetso by'abaturage bo mu kirwa cya Bali ku mafilime yanditswe na Gregoto, hanyuma ajya muri Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée kureba abahagarariye imiryango yo mu gasozi. Ingaruka z'imyaka 3 y'akazi ni we shingiro ry'igitekerezo cya Darwin cyo ku bantu ku butegetsi no gutangaza imirimo mu izina "Sisitemu yo Kwinjira mu maso."
Mu 1967, Ecman, hamwe na mugenzi we n'inkuru z'inshuti, Frizn na Psychologue na Psychologue Maureen O'sallevan bashimishijwe na phenomenon y'ibinyoma. Ubuvumbuzi bwa mbere muri kariya gace k'abahanga byakoze mu nzira yo kwitegereza abantu b'abarwayi bafite impengamiro yo kwiyahura bagerageza guhisha impamvu z'ibikorwa byabo.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu bushakashatsi bwahujwe no kwigisha muri kaminuza ya Californiya mu ishami rya psycleatry. Agezeyo, yayoboye umushinga witwa "Wizard" kandi yiga ubuhanga bw'abantu kugira ngo babone ikinyoma. Nyuma yo kwipimisha abantu ibihumbi 20 baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye, harimo n'abahagarariye FBI na serivisi zidasanzwe, Ekman yavumbuye ko amasomo 50 gusa yashoboye kumenya uburiganya hamwe nukuri byibuze 80%.
Ati: "Abapfumu ba Pravda" bari bafite ubushobozi busanzwe bwo kumenya microwasi kandi bamenya kudahuza amarangamutima, imvugo y'umubiri n'amagambo yavuze. Igeragezwa ryinshi rirangiye, hasi byakomeje gukorana nabatsinze ibizamini kugirango basubize ikibazo: aho ubuhanga bwo kumenya buturuka.
Byongeye kandi, umuhanga wa psychologue yakoze umwirondoro w'abatangiye "abapfumu", gukoresha iyo, buri muntu yashoboraga kumenya uburyo abishoboye ari mugena uburiganya. "Igitekerezo" cyabaye ubucuruzi bw'ubuzima bwa Ekman na bagenzi be. Umuhanga yatangaje imirimo myinshi yeguriwe iki kibazo, hanyuma nyuma yo kuva mu myirondoro, ashinze isosiyete Paul Ekman umutwe (Peg).
Ibitabo na Filime
Kuva mu 1957, Ekman yatangiye gutangaza ubushakashatsi bwabo mu rwego rw'isesengura ryo mu mutwe no mu myitwarire. Mu gitabo cya mbere, yasobanuye uburyo bwo gupima itumanaho ritavuzwe mu magambo, yateye imbere mu kwimenyereza mu kigo cya Neuropschiatric Ikigo cya Langley. Pawulo yabonye ko isura yo mumaso itera isura yo mumaso ishobora kugaragara neza gukoresha ubushakashatsi bufatika. Kubyerekeranye, abantu barashobora kubyara amaso arenga 10 mumaso, ibihumbi 3 byabyo bifitanye isano namarangamutima.
Muri gahunda ya "isura yo gushyushya umutwe", yasohotse mu 1978 ku bufatanye n'urukuta rusobanurwa "ibirango by'amarangamutima" mu mico y'iburengerazuba, kwicisha bugufi, umunezero ndetse n'abandi. Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, abashakashatsi bateje imbere sisitemu ifatika anatomisi isobanura imigendekere yose igaragara yumuntu mugugaragaza imwe cyangwa irindi marangamutima.
Mu 1990, umuhanga yuzuza urutonde rwimvugo ntabwo yashyizweho mumitsi yo mumaso gusa, ahubwo no mubimenyetso n'ibimenyetso. Harimo agasuzuguro, kunyurwa, kwishima, umunezero, virusi, kwishimira ibyagezweho, gutabara, kunyurwa, kwinezeza.
Byongeye kandi, hasi hamwe na mugenzi wawe wateye imbere kandi usobanurira ibikoresho byemerera kumenya amakuru menshi yimvugo ziboneka mugihe zifuzwa guhagarika amarangamutima. Byafashije psycchiatra mu "gusoma" abarwayi bafite syndrome ya Asperger na autism.
Imyaka ibiri mbere yaho, Eneman yashyizeho kandi atangaze ikizamini kizwi cyitwa "amashusho yingaruka" (POFA), igizwe n'amashusho yirabura 110 yirabura agaragazwa namashusho 6 kwisi yose no kutabogama. Hapimwa abantu bafite impamyabumenyi zitandukanye z'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, byakoreshwaga cyane mu myitozo y'ubuvuzi ku isi.
Imirimo ikuze ya Ekman yeguriwe "Igitekerezo ki", umuhanga yashakaga ibisubizo by'ibibazo: Impamvu abantu bavuga ikinyoma, uburyo abantu babwira ikinyoma, uburyo bwo kumenya umubeshyi hifashishijwe kwitegereza kandi abantu bashobora kubikora. Muri kiriya gihe, Pawulo yanditse igitabo "Impamvu Abana Bakunda", "psychologiya yo kuryama", "shaka umubeshyi kugaragaza isura" n'abandi.
Muri 2008, Ecman yasohoye ibiganiro hamwe na Sage Nkuru Dalai Lama Xiv, aho abahagarariye indashyikirwa mu burasirazuba no mu Burengerazuba bagerageza kubona ingingo za filozofiya nyinshi. Ati: "Imitekerereze ya psychologiya" yatunze ubumenyi bw'abasomyi ku byerekeye ubumenyi n'amadini, ibihugu by'amarangamutima, gutekereza ku mirimo, gutekereza ku bijyanye no kugera ku marangamutima n'inzira zo kugera ku byishimo.
Muri 2000ss, ibyamamare bya Ekman byatumye kuri televiziyo. Mu 2001, Pawulo yakoranye n'Umukinnyi wo mu Bwongereza John hamwe na TV ya TV ya BBC "mu maso ha muntu". Intego yumushinga ni iyo kwiga umuntu wumuntu wo guhuza umuryango, gukundwa kumubiri nubushobozi bwo kwerekana amarangamutima adafashijwe namagambo.
Muri 2009, umuhanga wa psychologue yabaye prototype yimiterere nyamukuru yurukurikirane ", Dr. Cal Umucyo, wayoboye" umucyo wumucyo ", itsinda rya ba shebuja kumenya ibinyoma. Igitaramo, gishingiye ku binyabuzima bya Ekman, cyatangiye ku muyoboro w'ingunzu mu 2009 kandi kibaho ibihe 3. Pawulo yari umugenzuzi w'abakozi ba firime hamwe n'umujyanama wa Pima Rota Umujyanama bwite wakoze uruhare runini muri uyu mushinga wa tereviziyo.
Urukurikirane rwerekanaga uburyo bwo kumenya uburiganya bwahimbwe na Ekman ku rugero runaka, kandi rwerekanye ko uburyo butagira umupaka bwo gukoresha "kubeshya" kugira ngo habeho ubutabera no gusohoza ubutabera.
Muri 2015, Pawulo yafashije umuyobozi utondekanya inyigisho ku kazi kuri karato ka karato "puzzle". Umuhanga yanditse ku babyeyi avuga uburyo bwo kwerekana neza inkuru ya animation kugirango abana bashobore kumenya amarangamutima yabo no kwerekana ibyiyumvo byabo byimpimbano.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ku buzima bwite bwa Pawulo Ekman azi bike, kuba umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze, ahitamo gukomeza umubano wo mu muryango rwihishwa.
Mu ntangiriro y'igitabo "Impamvu Abana LGUT bavuze umuhungu wa Tony wa kurega, we mu kigero cy'ingimbi cyayobye hasi n'umugore we Mariya Ann Mason mu nzu y'igihugu atabizi. Hagati y'akazi hari no mu bice byinshi byeguriwe umwanditsi kavukire, aho ingero z'ubusabane zishingiye ku bunararibonye bwabo.
Ekman afite umukobwa witwa Eva, wabaye umuganga wa siyansi. Ku rubuga rwemewe, umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze yavugaga ku mirimo yabo ijyanye no gutangaza "atlas y'amarangamutima" ya Dalai Lama, yasohotse mu Gushyingo 2018.
Paul Ekman ubu
Ekman ni umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze ya psycholog akora kuri Paul Ekman Group, ukora imyitozo yo guhugura ubumenyi bwamarangamutima, isesengura ryimyitwarire nibindi bintu bya psychologiya idahwitse.
Noneho uwashinze kandi umuyobozi "Peg" akora imyitozo kubakozi bari muri gahunda ya Ekman. Mu mpeshyi no ku icupa ryo mu 2019, Ekman arateganya gukora amahugurwa yo gusohoka mu Bwongereza, aho hazahugurwa iminsi 3 yerekana ibimenyetso byerekana amarangamutima no gusesengura ibimenyetso by'imyitwarire.
Bibliografiya
- "Kuki abana babeshya"
- "Psychologiya yo kubeshya"
- "Shakisha umubeshyi wo kwerekana isura"
- "Amarangamutima Psychology"
- "Ubwenge bw'iburasirazuba n'iburengerazuba"
Filmography
- 2001 - "Isura y'abantu"
- 2009-2011 - "Mumbure"
- 2015 - "Puzzle"