Ubuzima
Paul Alee numuhanzi numwarimu n'Umwigisha-w'Ubusuwisi, washyizweho uburyo bwo ku giti cye bwashyizweho mu migendere igezweho yo guhanga, harimo no kwerekana imvugo, Cubism na Surelism. Irangi ryize ku nyigisho, yanditse imirimo myinshi yasohotse mu buryo bw '"amakaye", yabaye imirimo yemewe mu buhanzi bw'iki gihe kandi yahawe agaciro byibuze imashini ikomeye Leonardo Da Vinci.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Paul Clee, wavutse ku ya 18 Ukuboza 1879, yari akiri muto mu bana babiri b'umuziki Gansa Wilhelm afite umuririmbyi wo mu Busuwisi Ida Mariari Fritz. Ubuzima bwumuhanzi bwateganijwe mbere ya genetike. Ababyeyi bafite impano bashishikarije gushimishwa nubuhanzi kandi bashyigikira umuhungu mubikorwa byose muriki gice.
Mu myaka yishuri, Pawulo yakinnye violon kandi yari afite impano numucuranzi ko afite imyaka 11 yatumiriwe kwitabira igitaramo cyishyirahamwe ryumuziki rya Bern.
Amaze gukura, umuhungu asubikwa igikoresho maze ashishikajwe n'ubuhanzi buboneka, yatangiye kwiga uburyo bwubuhanzi buhanitse. Pawulo yashushanyije ku rupapuro rwose rwaguye mu ntoki. Ibikorwa byambere byabanjirijwe n'amashusho ku murima w'ibitabo n'ikaye, aho yari yambaye ubuhanga bwa gahunda, ashushanya imirongo, imibare ya exybic. Irangi ryinshi ryabujije amasomo yabo, bityo ibizamini byanyuma i Bern Glee Gymnasia yatsinze bikomeye.
Mu 1897, umusore yatangiye gushushanya, atange abashakashatsi bafite amakuru yingirakamaro yerekeye ubuzima hamwe nibyishimo byumuhanzi ukiri muto.
Mu 1898, Clee yinjiye muri Munich Ishuri ry'ubuhanzi maze aba pander yatsinze. Yumva neza imiterere nicyerekezo, ariko ntigishobora kumenya ubuhanga bwo kubyara. Nubwo Pawulo yatunze ingorane zose, yahawe impamyabumenyi ihanitse ajya mu Butaliyani kwiga umurimo wa ba shebuja bakomeye.
Kurema
Kugaruka i Bern, Clee yatuje munzu yababyeyi atangira gutera imbere nkumuhanzi, rimwe na rimwe gusura amasomo yihariye yo gushushanya. Yahujije mu guhanga hamwe numukino wa inanga muri orchestre no gutegura isubiramo rya tekinike. Kugeza mu 1905, yateje imbere tekinike y'ubushakashatsi, harimo n'urushinge ku kirahure cyijimye, cyatanze ingaruka za Photongan.
Gukora ku buryo, Pawulo yakoze imirimo 57, harimo n'ishusho "ishusho ya data", yateje 1906. Mugereranije, kole yashyizeho uruziga rwa 11 zinc hamwe nishusho yinyuguti zishushanyije munsi yizina "ibintu". Iyi mirimo yashyizwe mubitabo byaho, bakunze abashyitsi. Umwanditsi yumvise ashimishijwe, ariko asobanukiwe ko yashoboye kurushaho.
Nyuma yumwuga wo gushyingirwa Pawulo arakomera. Umuhanzi yarangaye kwita murugo no gushakisha uburyo bushya nuburyo bwo guhanga. Shift yabaye nyuma y'imurikagurisha rya mbere mu ntara, rifatwa muri Bern mu 1911, nyuma y'umwanditsi na gahunda ya Cuban yahaye umwanditsi ku kazi k'umurimo wa Voltaire ", wasohotse mu myaka ya za 1920.
Muri iki gihe, umubare w'ibishushanyo by'umuhanzi wiyongereye, kandi bagaragaje impengamiro yo guturwa no gusenya. Iyi irangi yakundaga kubina, kandi yasabye ko Elasi yayoboye abahanga mu by'amateka y'ubuhanzi. Mu gatasi ko 1911, Pawulo wabaye uruziga rw'intore zo guhanga, yamenyereye imvugo ya Macus Audinsky. Gusuzuma ibitekerezo byiza kandi bisobanutse no gushingira ku byiringiro by'inshuti nshya, kolee yifatanije na bo mu biro by'ubuyobozi bwa Almanach, bwiswe "Umunyamafarasi w'ubururu".
Nyuma y'amezi make, kolee yabaye umwe mu bagize itsinda rinini mu ikipe yo guhanga no mu imurikagurisha rya kabiri ryateguwe na raporo, ryatangiriye umurimo w'ibishushanyo 17. Almanac yerekanye umuhanzi ufite ibitekerezo byamabara agezweho, ubushakashatsi yakomereje i Paris mu 1912. Muri urwo rugendo, Pawulo yatwarwaga na Cubisbim no "gushushanya neza" maze atangira ubushakashatsi ku mazi, ibisubizo byacyo byari ahantu hambere.
Iyi mvugo mu murimo wa Clee yabaye mu 1914, nyuma yo gusura Leta ya Tuniziya y'Amajyaruguru ya Tuniziya y'Amajyaruguru. Umuhanzi yahujwe n'amabara meza ya Mediterane kandi amenya tekinike yo gukoresha palette.
Mu gushushanya iki gihe, Pawulo yahujije ibishushanyo no gushushanya atangira kwandika abstraction. Ibara ry'urukirane ryahindutse ikintu nyamukuru cyimyenda yumuhanzi. Ubumwe hamwe nizindi mibare, yaremye yaba ubwumvikane, cyangwa kumva ko gutandukana byimbitse biranga imirimo yumuziki.
Mu gihe cy'intambara ya mbere y'isi yose, Clee ntiyigeze areka gushushanya. Gukorera inyuma mumahugurwa kugirango ugarure masking ya balloons, umuhanzi yaremye litiction kubintu byintwari hanyuma agategura hano kugeza igihe.
Mu 1917, Pawulo yabaye amarangi azwi na gahunda yabo abanyamateka b'ubuhanzi bagurishijwe neza. Igikorwa kizwi cyane muriki gihe cyari itsinda "ab ovo", ryanditswe namazi kuri gaze yarambuye canvas. Mu 1919, inzego zasoje amasezerano na nyiri galer Gans Golz, wazanye intsinzi yubucuruzi numuhanzi. Aho niho umusingi yabanje gushyira ishusho "izuba rirashe ukwezi n'izuba rirenze, agaragaza ibitekerezo bye ku bijyanye n'ubumaji bwa chenomena.
Kuva mu 1921, Pawulo yahujije guhangana no gukora umurimo wo kwigisha. Yatuye muri Sitidiyo y'Ishuri ry'ubuhanzi "Bauhaus", yakomeje kugirana ubucuti na Kandinsky maze ahura n'abandi bagize itsinda ry'amahugurwa bafite impano. Kuri iyi ngingo, kole yari ifite ibikorwa nkibi "umumarayika mushya", "Amajyepfo" na "Diana mumuyaga wizuba", nyuma yumuyaga mwiza wisi.
Mu myaka ya za 1920, umuhanzi yasomye ibiganiro ku buhanzi, yakoreye imurikagurisha muri Amerika n'Ubufaransa, byagenze byinshi. Yanditse amashusho "Seinezio" n "" amafi ya zahabu ", aho ibara ry'amazi n'amavuta byahujwe.
Kole yari umutware udasanzwe: mu 1933 yakoze imirimo igera kuri 500. Nyamara, umwaka utaha umubare wibishushanyo byagabanutse cyane kubera ibibazo byubuzima butunguranye. Ibyiyumvo byo kwegera byagaragaye mubikorwa bya Pawulo: Yatangiye gukoresha imirongo itinyutse hamwe nigikoresho kidasanzwe cya geometrike. Gusimburana kubintu binini kandi bito, igicucu cyijimye kandi cyiza cyagereranyaga itandukaniro ryimpano zuzuye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu myaka akiri muto, kole yatandukanijwe nuburyo bidafite ishingiro. Yamaze igihe kinini muri pubine, aho yamenyereye abagore atangira ibitabo. Imbuto z'ubucuti nk'ubwo ni umuhungu utemewe, wavutse mu 1900 na nyakwigendera akiri muto.
Mu 1906, Pawulo yajyanye n'umugore wa piyani wa Piyani wa Bavariya, kandi umwana agaragara mu muryango, witwa Felix.
Abashakanye batuye mu nkengero ya Munich, kandi igihe cyose uwo bashakanye yatangaga amasomo yihariye, umurima watumye habaho kole kandi azura umuhungu we. Ku mwana Paul ba shebuja uturindantoki, bidatinze wabaye igice cyibisiganisha. Ku nyuguti zibigize neza, Clee yambaye uburyo bwo gukina nuburyo bwo gukora imiterere.
Ibindi bisobanuro byubuzima bwihariye bwumuhanzi ntabwo byahindutse umutungo wabaturage.
Birazwi ko no ku butegetsi bw'Abanazi, bayobowe na Hitler Adhesi, babaye umuhanzi wa Oxellete mu Budage. Yihishe ku butegetsi, yimukiye mu Busuwisi, ariko ntabwo yigeze abona ubwenegihugu bw'iki gihugu.
Urupfu
Mu 1934, Pawulo yari afite ibimenyetso bya mbere byindwara yica, kandi imyaka 6, ibitero byububabare byasimbuwe nibibazo byo gutanga.
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1940, Clee yari yageze mu gihe cyo hejuru, ntabwo yashoboraga gushushanya kandi ahora atekereza hafi kurangira. Ubutabazi bwaje ku ya 29 Kamena. Irangi yapfiriye muri komini y'Ubusuwisi bw'akarere ka chanian. Abaganga bavuze ko icyateye urupfu aribwo kwangaga ingingo z'imbere zatewe na ScLoroderma.
Umuhanzi yatwitswe mu mujyi wa Lugano, mu ivu rye ryinjira mu irimbi ry'umujyi rya Bern.
Mu 1997, abakomoka ku Clee bimuriwe muri minisiteri y'umuco wo mu Busuwisi, hashyizweho amashusho 700 ya shebuja, kubera ko hashyirwaho ibyo byubatswe kandi bigaragaza ko imurikagurisha, yitiriwe ba shebuja b'indashyikirwa.
Gushushanya
- 1913 - "i Katoshin"
- 1914 - "Dome itukura kandi yera"
- 1919 - "Ukwezi kwuzuye"
- 1920 - "Kurangura abagore"
- 1920 - "Umujyi washenze"
- 1925 - "Amafi ya Zahabu"
- 1927 - "Ahantu hatoranijwe"
- 1931 - "Umucyo nibindi"
- 1937 - "Imiterere nyaburanga"
- 1940 - "Biracyaza Ubuzima"