Ubuzima
MStislav Rostropovich - Umuyobozi wu Burusiya hamwe nuwahimbye, ishusho rusange hamwe nishusho yingenzi muburyo bwa muzika yikinyejana cya makumyabiri. Kurambura amafaranga atandukanye, umuhanzi wabantu wa Ussr nuwo mwashakanye Vishnevskaya.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
MStislav Rostropovich - Kavukire Baku. Umucuranzi yavutse ku ya 27 Werurwe 1927. Ababyeyi be bari bafite isano na Art: Se Leopold Rostropovich yari selile, naho umubyeyi wa Sophia Rostropovich - Piyani. Mu myaka 4, umuhungu yakinnye kuri piyano, yigenga kwandika injyana no gufata ibihimbano. Mu 8, yize gukina Ceello. Umwarimu wa mbere wubukwe bukiri bato yari se.
Mu 1932, umuryango wimukiye i Baku kugera Moscou. Mu myaka 7, Mstislav yabaye umunyeshuri wishuri ryumuziki. Gress, aho yigishaga papa. Akiri umwana, umuhungu yakurikiye se, asimbuye ibigo by'amashuri, bityo mu 1937 abacuranzi bombi bimukiye mu ishuri rya muzika ry'akarere ka Sverdlovsky. Igitaramo cya mbere cyabaye mugihe kimwe. MStislav yakoze kuri stage aherekejwe na orchestre simfony, mugukora icyiciro gikomeye kuva ku mirimo ya Camille Saint-Sansa.
Amaze kubona amashuri yisumbuye, Rostropovich yinjiye mwishuri kuri pronchtor. Tchaikovsky. Inzozi z'umusore kwari ugukora umuziki. Ariko intambara yari inzitizi ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa. Umuryango wimuwe kuri Orenburg, hanyuma wambaye izina rya Chralov. Afite imyaka 14, umusore yabaye umunyeshuri w'ishuri rya gari ya moshi n'ishuri rya muzika, aho yigishaga Se. Hano Rostropovich yateje imbere ibitaramo bya mbere.
Nyuma, umusore watuye mu nzu ya opera, aho yatangiye gutanga ibihimbano kuri Piyano na Cello ashyigikira kandi akagira inama Mikhail Stulaki. Mu 1942, umucuranzi ukiri muto yabaye umunyamuryango wibitaramo bya raporo, aho yari ahagarariwe nkuwahimbye kandi akora. Ijambo ryakozwe furore. Kurambagiza urutonde, abanenga n'abanyamakuru bagaragaje ibyiyumvo byo guhuza, uburyohe bwa muzika nimpano ya rostropovich.
Mu 1943, umuryango w'abacuranzi wasubiye i Moscou, kandi Mstislav yongeye kwitoza mu ishuri kuri proncrvatory. Umwete n'imbaraga zagaragaje abarimu bimukiye umusore w'umuhanga mu masomo ya 2 ku ya 5.
Mu 1946, Rostropovich yakiriye impamyabumenyi n'icyubahiro mu byumba bibiri: uwahimbye na selire. MSstislav yiyandikishije mu ishuri rirangiza, kandi arangije amasomo ye, yabaye umwarimu w'ibihano i Moscou na St. Petersburg. Yamaze imyaka 26, yinjije ibikorwa bya Pedagogi, kurera Ivan Monigretti, Natalia Shakhovskaya, Natalia Gutman, David Geringas n'abandi bacuramu.
Umuziki
Igice cya kabiri cya 1940 cyaranzwe nibitaramo bya Rostropovich i Kiev, Minsk na Moscou. Intsinzi mumarushanwa mpuzamahanga yazanye intsinzi no kuba icyamamare. Bashinzwe bazenguruka ba mukerarugendo mu mijyi y'i Burayi n'ibihugu bitandukanye byisi. Kumenyekanisha mpuzamahanga umucuranzi ukiri muto yaje vuba.
Rostropovich buri gihe yashakaga kwiteza imbere. Mu kiganiro, umucuranzi yakunze kuranga iki gihe mu gihe cyakazi iyo "yashakaga gukinisha neza." Nkumuhimbyi numuhanzi, MStislav Leopodich yize amanota, ibisobanuro byibice ngendanwa nabahimbiye n'imikorere yabo nabacuranzi.
Umunsi mukuru "Prague Stind" 1955 wazanye Rostropovich kumenyera umuririmbyi wa opera vishnevskaya. Abashakanye bakunze kwikorera hamwe: Galina yaririmbye munsi yintoki za MStislav. Umucuranzi na we yakoreye mu cyumba na David Justocha na SveniyaTlav. Mu 1957, Rostropovich yagabanutse nkuyobora, afashe premiere ya "eugene onegin" muri Bolshoi Theatre ya Bolshoi. Imikorere yafashwe no gushyingirwa kandi izana intsinzi itababaje.
MStislav Leopoldovich yari asabwa cyane. Ingufu zirenze no kwifuza gushyira mubikorwa ibintu byose byatekerejwe ku gahato guhuza ibikorwa bya pedagoge hamwe no kuzenguruka, ibitaramo no kwandika ibihimbano bishya. Maestro yari afite igitekerezo cye ku bintu byose byabereye mu muziki, kandi afite igitekerezo cye kijyanye n'imiterere y'imibereho-politiki mu gihugu. Ntiyaretse umwanya wo kuvuga ku bihe bimuhangayikishije.
Mu 1989, MStislav Leopoldovich yavuganye na Baha, akisohoza ku gicurahamwe cye bwite kuva ku rukuta rwa Berlin. Uwahimbye ahanganye n'ikitotezo cya Anna Akhmatova, Joseph Brodsky, Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Icya nyuma yabahaye icumbi kuri dacha. Ibikorwa bya Rostropovich byateje kutanyurwa nigitutu cya leta.
Gusinya kwajuririra Inama Nkuru y'ikirenga ya Ussr ku bijyanye n'imbabazi z'imfungwa no gukuraho igihano cy'urupfu mu 1972 cyambuwe umucuramu wakazi muri Bolshoi Theatre ya Bolshoi. Yabujijwe n'ingendo z'amahanga. Rostropovich na Vishnevskaya ntibagitumiye orchestre metropolitan kubikorwa.
MStislav Leopoldovich yageze ku bwana kwa Visa n'umuryango we bava muri Usssr, bagiye muri Amerika. Nyuma yimyaka 4, we nuwahoze arimbuye ubwenegihugu bwa USSR kubanyamahanga. Iki gihe cyari kigoye kubahimbyi. Nta bigize mbere. Buhoro buhoro, yatangiye gutanga ibitaramo kandi ahabwa umuyobozi wubuhanzi muri orchestre ya Symphony ya Washington.
Nyuma yimyaka 16 yubuzima mu mahanga, Rostropovich yari uwahimbye, umuyobozi hamwe na selire, yemewe kwisi yose. Guverinoma ya Ussr yaratinze kumuhabwa ubwenegihugu bwa Vishneviya, ariko abahanzi mugihe bari "abenegihugu b'isi", kandi iki kimenyetso cyari kigereranyije.
Kuri Rostropovich na Vishnevskaya, imiryango yafunguwe mu bihugu byose. Bakoraga i Moscou ku gice hamwe nindi mijyi. Gushyingura 1991 byatumye umugabo yitabira ibizabaho. Yashyigikiye byimazeyo impinduka ziteganijwe. Mu 1993, umucuranzi n'umuryango we bimukiye muri St. Petersburg.
Igisubizo cya MStislav Rostropovich cyari kinini. Yakoze cyane kandi mu bimera, yakoranye na orchestre ya simfoni kandi yari umuyobozi wa Opera. Yibanze ku isi yose ya muzika. Abahimbyi barenga 60 banditse baramukorera, bizeye ko Marest yazura ibihimbano. Rostropovich niwe wambere wakoze ibirenga 100 cello kandi afite premieres 70 hamwe na orchestre. Igikoresho cyumucuranzi cyumvikanye ku isi nziza.
Rostropovich yakozwe nk '"umudamu wa Peak" wakozwe muri Amerika, "umugeni wa makariso" muri Monaco, "umutware wa makariso" mu Budage, Hovanshchina i Moscou. Umuhanzi kandi yanditse ibitaramo kuri radio. Kubwinshi bwa Maestro, Stalinist na Lenin Awards. Mu 1966, Rostropovich yabaye umuhanzi w'abaturage wa USSR. Mstislav leopoldovich - Nyiri ibihembo 5 "grammy". Mu 2003, igihembo cyatanzwe "ku mwuga udasanzwe."
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Kumenyana cyane na Galina Vishnevskaya yahinduye ubuzima bwa Mstislav Rostropovich. Bahuriye kuri bumwe mu buhanga aho umuhanzi, nkuko bisanzwe, yarambiwe muruziga rwabashyitsi kandi bamenagura abadamu. Abonye Galina, MStislav ntiyigeze amuvamo nimugoroba, bitera. Hanyuma aherekejwe no ku rugendo i Prague, agerageza cyane gutsinda ubwiza bw'intoki. Uyu mugabo yari afite imyaka 28, ariko kutuzuye imiterere, ibirahuri binini no kugaragara murubyiruko rwa Lysin guhatirwa gutembera.
Vishnevskaya muri kiriya gihe, yaka ahantu hose kandi yari ku mpinga y'icyubahiro. Rostropovich yatsinze umutima we imyitwarire yo kwiyevu, ibitekerezo n'ubwenge. Uwahimbye abajije umuhanzi kuba umugore we iminsi 4 nyuma yo gukundana. Vishnevskaya yatandukanye n'umugore we Mark Ruby kubana na we.
Abashakanye, abashakanye babaga mu gihe runaka hamwe n'umuryango wa MStislava, ariko bidatinze babonye inzu ye. Ubuzima bwihariye bwa Rostropovich bwarishimye: mu 1956, uwo mwashakanye yibarutse umukobwa wa OKga. Umucuranzi yari yiteguye gushyira isi yose mumaguru ya Galina, atanga uburambi, imyuka nibindi bitunguranye.
Impano uwahimbye hamwe nurugendo mu Bwongereza, aho yakijije amafaranga kugirango ashimishe umukunzi we, kuko igice cyamafaranga cyagombaga guhabwa ambasade ya Sovieti. Ubugingo bw'uwahimbye yarwanyije amategeko leta yasukuye. Kera, yaguze vase ya kera y'Abashinwa bamuvunika kuri ambasade, atanga gusangira ibice "ibyanjye" na "ibyawe."
Mu 1958, umukobwa wa kabiri Elena yagaragaye kumucyo. Data arinda abagore be. Yasezeranye mubana numuziki kandi amara umwanya we wose wo gukundwa. Umuryango Idyll yarenze kwimuka muri Amerika. Umuryango wahuye no kubura imari, guhanga no muri politiki opli.
Ariko, ubuzima bushya bwahinduye abashakanye kandi kubuntu. Rostropovich yabaye umutware w'ingoma y'Ubwongereza, yakiriye itegeko rya Legio w'icyubahiro kuva mu Bufaransa n'umusaraba wa ofisiye kugira ngo mborohereze mu Budage. Ishyirahamwe ry'Abayapani ryerekanaga umuyobozi w'igihembo cy'ubwami, Amerika - Umudari wa Perezida, na Suwede - gahunda ya polar.
Agarutse mu Burusiya, Rostropovich, yari asanzwe ari Patron, uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ndetse n'umubare rusange, ntabwo yerekanye umuzingo n'indwara. Kwakira Igituba byahisemo kumva abana mumashuri asanzwe, buri gihe numvikanye ku ifoto hamwe nabafana, ntabwo byanze ibyifuzo. Ku mucuranzi, nta tandukaniro riri mu mahanga risobanura ukuri kwa biografi - yafataga ibintu byose hamwe no gusobanukirwa no kubahwa.
Urupfu
Mu 2007, ubuzima bwa Maestro bwari bwifashe nabi. Yari mu bitaro inshuro nyinshi. Abaganga bavumbuye ikibyimba kibi mu mwijima. Igikorwa cyakozwe, cyasezeranijwe kunonosora, ariko ibinyabuzima byacitse intege nticyari byihuta gukira.
Ku ya 27 Mata 2007, umucuranzi w'ubuhanga ntiyabikoze. Impamvu y'urupfu niyo ndwara ikomeye n'ingaruka zo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe. Kugeza kumunota wanyuma, abavandimwe hamwe nabantu ba hafi bari kumwe na we.
Kwibuka
Urupfu rwa MStislav Rostropovich ntiyigeze guhagarika iterambere ry'imishinga yasamye. Inshuti zo mu rwego rwo hejuru n'abaziranye bashyigikira imanza zatangijwe na we mu buzima. Rero, ishuri ryo mu 2004 muri Valencia rirakora ubu. Kwibuka uwahimbye, umunsi mukuru ngarukamwaka w'abafatanyabikorwa bato, watanzwe mu cyubahiro cye.
Umuyobora ushinzwe ikigega gishyigikira abanyeshuri bafite impano bafite inkunga n'imuriro. Uyu munsi, umuyobozi we ni umukobwa wa Olga. "Vishnevskaya Rostropovich Foundation Chastropovich ari umusanzu w'abacuranzi mu iterambere ry'imiti yo mu gihugu, ishyigikira umukobwa wa Elena.
I Moscou, muri Bryousov Lane, urwibutso rw'uwahimbye. Mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro umucuranzi w'itangazamakuru menshi mu Burusiya.
Ibihembo no ku mutwe
- 1951 - Impamyabumenyi ya Stalinsky II Igihembo
- 1955 - Yubashye Umuhanzi wa RSFSR
- 1964 - Igihembo cya Lenin
- 1964 - Umuhanzi wabantu wa RSFSR
- 1966 - Umuhanzi wa ANSR
- 1991 - Igihembo cya Leta cya RSFSR cyitiriwe M. I. Glinka
- 1995 - Igihembo cya Leta cya Federasiyo y'Uburusiya