Ubuzima
Umwe mu bubiko bwa mbere bwa Teaticliste-Avant-abarima b'ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti, byaka byagize ingaruka ku buhanzi nyaburanga kandi bashiraho uburyo bushya bwo gukora umurimo wo gukora, bita "biomechanics". Vsevolod MeyerEnt kandi uyumunsi ikomeje kuba urugero kuri firime hamwe nintoki za firime na Teatcal, udashaka kumenya guhanga kwabo muburyo busanzwe.
Nk'uko Evgenia Vegenia Vakhtangov, Meyerter "yahaye imizi ikinamico y'ejo hazaza." Mubuzima bwe, yitwaga Shebuja na Wizard of Theatre. Ariko ubutabera kubusakwiye kwibagiranye ko Matra ifite abanegura bihagije. Nshuti muri Theatre Isi Nemirovich-Danchenko yarebye ubushakashatsi no kubyimba guhanga hamwe na mugenzi wawe wakoranye.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Karl Casimir Theodore Myergold yavutse - uyu muyobozi asa nkaho yavukiyemo, mumuryango munini wa divamamake Myiergame. Uruniro rwazanye umuryango w'abadage b'Abadage-Lutheran, ariko ntabwo ari umunezero. Alvina Danilovna, Maeer, Mama, yibaruka umwana wa munani n'umwana wanyuma - umuhungu wa Charles, yarwaye umugabo we yiheba kandi akamuhemukira, uwo ntiyahishe.
Ubwana numusore Meyerring i Penza. Hano kandi uyumunsi kubaka siporo ya 2 yarinzwe, aho yakiriye Umuyobozi wubumenyi. Yize Karl nabi, yavaga inshuro eshatu mu mwaka wa kabiri. Aho kugira imyaka 8, umuhungu wa vino-imboromu ya granite ya granite 11. Hafi yacyo wenyine yahamagawe nimugoroba yanyuzwe na nyina kuntoki zo guhanga umujyi. Igenamiterere rya mbere rya Karl ryabonye kurwego rwo murugo.
Ibindi bizima bya Charles bikunda ibintu bishimishije. Yashyize umukino wa mbere amateur kuri 18. Umunsi wa Premiere wari wishimye, kandi wishimye: Ku ya 14 Gashyantare 1892, ubuzima bwo guhanga bwatangijwe, ariko umunsi umwe niwe wanyuma mubuzima bwumuryango wumuryango. Kureka Premiere kubera umuhungu w'umuhungu ntiyatekereza.
Ku ya 21, umusore yaje gutandukana n'ibyahise, yemerwa na orotodogisi maze ahindura izina abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bamumenya. Muri VSECOLOD, yabaye, atanga imbaraga zo gushimishwa n'imyambarire ye yakundaga.
Mu 1895, Vsevolod Meyer Most yagiye i Moscou yinjira muri kaminuza ahitamo intangango. Nyuma y'umwaka, yasobanukiwe ko amategeko akomeye yamurushye, akajugunya kaminuza.
Ibizamini mu music-ritangaje ishuri, Gufungura i Metropolitan Philharmonic, Vsevolod yarangiye na glitter: abamusuzumye ingaruka italanto na kamere ya Penza gishasha cerekeye, banditswe ku ngendo 2nd.
Ikinamico
Vsevolod Meyerhold "yararwaye" mu ikinamico gushimira gusa nyina - mutima akomeye ku musore akora play "Kurogane", zitangwa Konstantin Stanislavsky. Uwo muyobozi yaje ikigirwamana cya Vsevolod ubuzima.
Mu myaka umunyeshuri, Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko kwoshwa impano Penzenza, akaba ikimenyetso umunyeshuri gitera ubushuhe. Mwarimu gusangira imigambi umwigishwa ku Kurema y'imikino nshya mu murwa, ku rwego yari agiye kubikuza babifise ye.
Arangije amashuri ya, Vsevolod Meyerhold yari yifatanyije mu Taroupe ya MHT. umuyobozi bahawe we uruhare n'urusisiro, Vasily Shuisky, Tsar Yohana. amahugurwa bari gushyira ku mirimo Shakespeare na Chekhov. Ejo, umunyeshuri ikubitiro ikipe ashishikaye, gifite urabagirana mu images of intwari itandukanye, ariko yari bihagije gusa kuko ibihe 4.
Care kuva MHT Actor yasobanuriye ntiworaba yahumetswe, ariko ubuzima bwe guhamagara indi mpamvu: Nemirovich-Danchenko nta gutangiza Meyerhold mu y'uruziga imigabane ya ikinamico nshya. Kandi ku muhanzi cyane, nari gucururuka, kubona mu buryo bwe umukino Supbar na Besyatitsa.
Kubabara Vsevolod yasize MHT na mugenzi Alexander Kosheverov. Abakinnyi bajya cyaro - Kherson, aho yateguwe ikinamico yabo.
Mu ntara, ku kazi wa Meyerhold bari gucururuka, ariko abafana nabo basanga. Mu ikinamico shampiyona yatangiye muri Nzeri 1902.
Mu mizo ya mbere, mu gitaramo yasa "byanditswe kure" mu magambo ya MHT, ariko bidatinze ku abazireba yompi yavuze ku "Inyandiko" ya umuyobozi wa. Vsevolod Meyerhold, butandukana ikigirwamana cye Stanislavsky, byibanze atari ku vy'inyifato na ngengamikorere kuzura umukino, ariko ku pulasitiki, imyidagaduro.
Stanislavsky, bumvise ku neza Meyerhold mu Kherson, atamba mugenzi bato gusubira murwa ririya Itorero gushingwa ku ishingiro rya MHT ikinamico, iyobowe kandi Nemirovich-Danchenko. Vsevolod kanya yarabyemeye ndetse ajyanwa i Moscou.
Ariko, mu cyiciro duhuriramo, Vsevolod Meyerhold gushyira gitaramo 3 gusa. Kandi niba Stanislavsky yemeye udushya bagenzi utekereza, Nemirovich-Danchenko ntiyigeze ababazwa asesereza. Mu 1905, umuyobozi yagombaga gusubira Kherson.
Amahirwe yongeye kumwenyura, nyuma yumwaka umwe yakoraga muri St. Petersburg, aho nahamagaye Komiseri Vera. Nk'uko umukinnyi mukuru wa mukinnyi uzwi cyane, umuyobozi yayoboye ikinamico kuri ofisiye no muri shampiyona yashyikirije abari aho 13. Hano, Avant-Garde yemeye ishyaka.
Mu myaka ya za 1908 za Mejolod Meyezul Meyer, ndetse no kuri stade ya Theatre, kugeza igihe iherutse gufatwa nka conservateur nyinshi - Alexandrinsky.
Premiere ya nyuma y'imikorere ya nyuma ya Meyertar Meyerter yabaye muri Gashyantare Ihinduka ryo mu 1917. Mama yashyize lermontovsky masquerade.
Impinduramatwara 35-Umwana Vsevolod Meyerter yemeye ishyaka ryemewe. "Se w'ikinamico mashya", nk'uko yahamagawe, abishaka akorana na guverinoma nshya kandi bidatinze kuba umwe mu bagize WFB.
Ku cyiciro hari amayobera-buff, Vladimir Mayakovsky, ahantu nyaburanga Drew Kazimir Malevich. Hamwe na Mayakovsky, Alexandre Block, Nathan Altman n'abandi bahagarariye intore z'umuco, Meyer Havumbuye impuhwe z'ibitekerezo by'impinduramatwara n'abayobozi bashya.
Mu 1920, Theatre ya Leta yafunguye umuryango mu murwa mukuru, wakiriye izina ry'umuyobozi. Ambrevieted yari yitwaga abashyitsi. Ku cyiciro cye, hari amasoni yabikoreraga ku mirimo y'abafatanije n'abanditsi - Yuri Oleshi, Ilya Ehrenburg, Nikolai Erdman, Birumvikana ko Mayakovsky.
Sura ikinamico byabaye ZINIAIDa Reich, wazimye inyenyeri Maria Babanov. Kubera amakimbirane akomeye hamwe nukundwa na Umuyobozi Babanova, hamwe na we hamwe na kimwe cya gatatu cya kaburimbo cyasize ikinamico. Uru rubanza ntirwari muri paradizo gusa - uburakari buhanamye kandi buhebuje bwari butandukanye kandi ni njye, wahagaritse icyiciro icyo ari cyo cyose kandi atihanganira igitekerezo cy'undi.
Hano hari ibitekerezo byahiye, bituma inkuru ye izwi cyane kuri Pinocchio, yabonye prototype ya Karabas-baras neza Meyerking, kuba abahanzi bari ibipupe. Ubwoko bwa papa mwiza Carlo afatwa nkaho ari stanaslavsky.
Vsevolod Emilevich yagerageje imbaraga na sinema. Kuri konte ye 3 ya firime, aho yigeze yiyerekaga nk'umuyobozi n'umukinnyi. Muri rubbon "portrait ya Donian Gray" Yakinnye Umwami Henry.
Ubudahemuka ku butegetsi ntabwo bwahindutse "umudipolome urinda" kuri matra - hagati ya 1930 hejuru y'ibicu byijimye. Yatekereje ku iherezo rye, ariko ntiyakoresheje amahirwe yo kwimuka, yanga kuguma i Paris mu rugendo.
Mu gihe cy'itumba cyo mu 1936, ikinyamakuru "Ukuri" cyasohoye ingingo yitwa "Supbur aho kuba umuziki." Opera "Umukecuru Macbeth Mtsensky County" yaranenzwe na Dmitry Shostakovich, kandi ahabwe na Abiesthetics na "Levatts's". Kandi uyu mwanditsi witwa "MeyerEschina".
Mu cize mu mwaka umwe, umutwe w'abahanzi ba rubanda bahawe Stanislavsky, Nemirovich-Danchenko, Kachalov, Moskvin. Ku rutonde rwatanzwe na Meyerty ntirwagenze. Umuyobozi yihutiye kwerekana ko yari "we", wari ukiri indahemuka ku butegetsi. Kuri stage, hari ibitaramo bijyanye n'umudugudu rusange, intwari nshya zarukanwe.
Ariko, igitangaza nticyabaye: muri Mutarama 1938, abashyitsi barafunzwe. Kuva mu muyobozi wa OPAVAred n'umushomeri, abantu bose bamushimye kandi bishimira kumenyera ku giti cyabo. Umubano na Boris Paspak, abahanzi benshi n'abanditsi bakomeje kuba bamwe.
Muri Gicurasi, Stanislavsky yarambuye ukuboko ubufasha bwa Vsevolod Meyerter, ishyiraho umuyobozi uyobowe n'inzu ya opera.
Urupfu rwa mwarimu n'ikigirwamana mu ntangiriro za Kanama Meyerty MeriTont yabonaga nk'ikinamico bwite n'ikarita y'ibibazo. Muri Kamena 1939 yarafashwe.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Uwo mwashakanye ya mbere ya Olga ni urukundo rwishuri rwa Emilevich, aho yashyingirwa nubwo ashaka ku bushake bwa nyina mu mwaka wa 1 wa Kaminuza - yashyikirije umugabo we. Abashakanye babaga mu murwa mukuru, mu nzu kuri Nouvoin boulevard.
Hamwe nuwahoze ari umugore Sergei Yesenina Zinaida Reich Mat yahuye na narkompros, aho yakoraga nk'umunyamabanga. Yatumiye ubwiza bwo kuba amahugurwa yo kwamamaza abanyeshuri, byayobowe.
Olga Umusozi wakiriye umukobwa ukiri muto wari ufite abana bato bato ba Yesenin mu ntoki, bafite impuhwe, bemera cyane murugo rwabo. Mu ci ryo mu 1922, amanota hamwe n'abana bagiye mu majyepfo. Amaze kugaruka avuye mu biruhuko, nabonye ko Reich atura mu nzu. Olga yagombaga gushaka inzu nshya.
Nyuma, umukobwa wa ZININAIDa Reich - Tatiana Yesenin - mubwicanyi bwe yanditse neza ko nyina atumva urukundo rwa nyirubwirungano. Barangije ko ubumwe na Theatre Madrah, wayoboye ikinamico, akingura urugi rw'isi ya Bohemia.
imyaka 5-6 nyuma, Reich aba vuba kibuga. Ariko ubuzima mu bashakanye biragoye bita gitunze: bagize n'umugore batunganye mu bantu, ariko irari Shakespeare bari kuzuka muhezo.
Urupfu
Zinaida Reich yari bunyamaswa bishwe iminsi 25 nyuma yombi Meyerhold. bagizi bakinjira acishije mw'idirisha maze izana umugore 17 icyuma ibikomere.
Nk'uko gukekeranya umwe, abambuzi bajyanwa mu nzu, bikaba kubona ufite umugore atangira kurira. Mu bandi, ubwicanyi ariyoberanya nk'uko ubujura a. Bakekwaho, mu NKVD iyiryoza paradizo n'uko mu ifatwa mwashakanye ku mugore ushinjwa abategetsi mu kwica Yesenin.
Vsevolod Meyerhold barokotse umugore we: nyuma urubozo ubugome, yari aregwa umurimo ku gereza Japanese. Muri Gashyantare 1940 yari yarashwe mu umwe mu basements ya Lubyanka. mukungugu atwika mu mva rusange ku Don cy'i.
Nk'uko amakuru n'ibindi, impamvu y'urupfu umuyobozi yari kurohama mu ngunguru na by'umwanda. Mbere uyu Meyerhold, akaba baretse amato ku bagenzi be, arawumanyura intoki zabo ku maboko yabo. Mu yarazigamye gereza ifoto, bishobora kuboneka uko Vsevolod Emilevich yaje kandi baragenda mu kuyarinda gereza.
Umwuzukuru wa Meyerhold, Maria Valentine, mu myaka ya 1950 yakorewe iyinjizaporogaramu ku mva ya Zinaida Reich ku Vagankovsky irimbi, mu monument rusange iryo zina rya sekuru yari akomanga hasi. Mu 1956 kimwe yari kugerwaho gusana umuyobozi wa. Tumenye aho kumushyingura, Valentine bize gusa mu 1987.
Mu myaka ya 1980, igihugu Nyina wa mawe bavumbuye hagati art amakinamico yitwa "Meyerhold House".
ibikorwa Theatre
- 1906 - "Balant"
- 1917 - "akihindura"
- 1918 - "amayobera-Buff"
- 1921 - "Union w'Urubyiruko"
- 1922 - "Gnaming Cardridge"
- 1922 - "Urupfu rwa Tarelkin"
- 1924 - "Mwigisha Babi"
- 1926 - "Roe, China"
- 1929 - "Klop"
- 1930 - "Banya"
- 1931 - "Last umunetsi"
- 1933 - "Intangiriro"
- 1934 "Lady na Camellias"
- 1935 - "33 Kwigiza nkana"
- 1935 - "Stone Guest"