Ubuzima
Umwanditsi w'Icyongereza Mariya yamenyekanye nk'Umuremyi w'Igitabo "Frankenstein, cyangwa Promeyo igezweho." Ubuzima bwayo bugereranywa no gutanga ikigor Dr. Viktor Frankenstein: yakusanyirijwe mu bihe bikomeye, ibibazo bibabaje n'ibibazo bibabaje. Uyu ni umugore washyinguye umugabo we (Umusizi Persi Beach), se na nyina, bana bane na bashiki bacu babiri, ariko kugeza igihe kirangiye nubunini.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Nee Mary Walstonkraft Godwin yavutse ku ya 30 Kanama 1797 i Londres mu bumwe bwa filozofiya ya politiki William Godwin na Femini izwi cyane mu kinyejana cya XVIILI. Umuryango na we wazamuwe n'umukobwa wa Mariya wo mu ishyingiranwa rya mbere hamwe n'ubucuruzi Gilbert Turatera - Fanni Ele (1794).
Ukwezi kumwe nyuma yo kugaragara kwa Mariya, nyina yapfuye azize indwara za Intrauterine, kandi abana bakomeza kwita kuri Godwin. Yari mu madeni. Kumva udashoboye kwigenga abakobwa babiri, William yihutiye gushaka uwo bashakanye wa kabiri.
Ukuboza ku ya 1801, Godvin yashakanye na Mary Jane Clardont, umugore wize neza ufite abana babiri - Charles na Claire. Inshuti nyinshi za William ntizikunze uwo bashakanye, yabonaga ko ari umuswa kandi arakarira. Umubano na mama na Mariya ntibatejwe imbere: Claermont yazanye abana be kavukire, atitaye ku bakobwa ba Godwin.
Ubukwe ntabwo bwateje imbere imiterere yubukungu bwumuryango: William yafashe inguzanyo nshya kugirango yishyure abakera. Ubukene ntimwemereye Mariya uburezi bwuzuye. Padiri yaribeje abakobwa kubera amahugurwa, yemereye ibitabo mu isomero. Bamwe mu bakobwa b'abakobwa batanze isabukuru kuri Godwin, harimo n'umusizi Samuel Taylor Kalridge.
Mu 1811, Mariya yari afite igice cy'ishuri ry'ishuri rya Ramsing, maze muri Kamena umwaka utaha, se mu mwaka wa Kamena, se wohereje kuba muri otcosse, mu muryango wa Boowany William Bakster. Muri diary, Baxter yanditse ko Mariya yarezwe "nk'umufilozofe, ndetse nka Cynic." Umukobwa yagumye kabiri kuri Botany, ku ya 30 Werurwe 1814 yasubiye iwe.
Ibitabo
Roman hamwe n'umusizi Pide Bishi, ubucuti na George Gordon Byron byera bigaragarira kumurimo wumwanditsi. Umunsi umwe, batatu, bicaye ku muriro, abwira mugenzi we, kandi Bayron yemeye gutongana kwandika inkuru ivuga ku kuzimu. Muri iryo joro nyene, umukobwa yarose umuhanga mu cyubahiro yakusanyije ikiremwa kirimo ibice. Byari muzima.
Dufatiye kuri Mariya yabonaga mu nzozi ze, ateganya kwandika inkuru, ariko Percy yamufashaga kwagura igitekerezo mu gitabo cyuzuye. Ku ya 1 Mutarama 1818, icyambere n'umurimo uzwi cyane w'umwanditsi Frankenstein, cyangwa Promeyo igezweho yaje ku isi. Igitabo cya mbere cyigitabo, kigizwe na kopi 500, cyasohotse bitamenyekana. Abasomyi basabye ko umwanditsi - Percy Bishi Shelly: Yanditse ijambo ijambo ry'ibanze, avugana na Mariya na se uzikorera Godiam.
Isomo rya kabiri rya Frankenstein ryarekuwe ku ya 11 Kanama 1823, na Mariya Shelley ryerekanwe ku rupapuro rw'umutwe. Ibisanzwe ni verisiyo ya gatatu yigitabo, yasohotse ku ya 31 Ukwakira 1831. Yunganirwa nijambo rishya, aho Mariya yabwiye imbaraga zinkomoko yamateka.
Muri 2008, Charles I. Robinson yasohoye akazi ka "Frankenstein ya mbere". Yiganye Mary Shelley wa mbere yandikishijwe intoki maze agaragaza impinduka zishingiye ku bushishozi zabigizemo uruhare.
Hashingiwe kuri Frankenstein, ibitaramo byinshi, umuziki, ingabo, amaradiyo yarakozwe. Filime yo mu 1931 ya 1931 ifatwa nk'igice cya kera, kandi igishushanyo mbonera cy'igisimba ni umucyo uri munsi y'ibinyejana byimbitse, imigozi yo mu ijosi no gukura cyane - yabaye kanone.
Muri icyo gihe kiri hagati ya 1819 na 1820, Mariya yanditse igitabo "Matilda", cyasohotse mu 1959 gusa kubera insanganyamatsiko - kwiyahura no gusambana. Ariko, ibisobanuro bishimishije muri Shelley, wahuye nurupfu rwabana babiri bato, byari bigoye gutegereza. Muri icyo gihe, yaremye inkuru y'amateka "calperga, cyangwa ubuzima n'ibitekerezo bya Kastrumcho, Umuganwa Lucci."
Mu 1826, umurimo wa kabiri munini wa Mariya wasohowe - igitabo "umugabo wa nyuma", ariko, kitagereranywa no gukundwa na Frankenstein. Ibikorwa bibaho kuri Shelley 2073. Hano, abantu batwara amafarashi, amato areremba rwose hamwe nubwato, intambara zikorwa nintwaro, kandi inzira yihuta cyane ni umwuka.
Igitabo gigizwe nubunini butatu, buriwese avuga mugihe cyubuzima bwimiterere nyamukuru - Lionel Vernea na mushiki we Perditi, Prince Adriti hamwe na mushiki we Aidris.
Igitabo cya mbere gisobanura inyuguti zikura, kandi imyifatire ya Shelley ituma ibintu bya politiki ku isi, mu gitabo cya kabiri umujyi ubangamiwe icyorezo, no mu ndwara ya gatatu, gutera imbere, gusenya ikiremwamuntu. Ubuhinduzi bw'Uburusiya bw '"umuntu wa nyuma" bwagaragaye gusa mu 2010.
Mu myaka ya 1830, Shelley yasohoye ibitabo "bizagenda ko Perkina Warbek" (1830), "Lodod" (1835) na "Falkner" (1837), yinjije ingingo z'ibinyamakuru by'abagore. Mu 1836, Padiri Mariya yarapfuye. Yarazengurutse imirano ye, umukobwa yirukage kugira ngo asohoze ibyo wapfuye bwa nyakwigendera, ariko nyuma yimyaka 2 aranga iki gitekerezo.
Ndashimira umwanditsi, guhanga ibishishwa bya nyakwigendera Bishi mu 1837 byamenyekanye cyane: Mariya yasohoye igisigo mu binyamakuru, ku mpapuro z'imirimo yabo. Umwaka umwe, umwamamaji w'ingenzi Edward Moxason yashyize ahagaragara icyegeranyo cy'inyandiko ze n'amaguru yagutse.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuntu Bishi Shelly, umugabo uzaza Mariya, yubahirije ibitekerezo bya William Godwin, byasobanuwe mu butabera bwa politiki "(1793). Umusizi azajyana cyane kuburyo yasezeranije kwishyura imyenda ya filozofiya. Ariko, umuryango ukize wanze gusuzugura mu nguzanyo kubera urwango abantu ku giti cye imirimo ya Godvin. Nyuma y'amezi atari make, asezeranya ko umusore yatangaje ko atashoboye gufasha mu buryo bw'amafaranga. Philosopher, yumva yihaye Imana, yakuyeho guhuza urugwiro.
Yahoraga agaragara mu nzu ya Godvina, Mariya n'ibyishimo byatoboye impuhwe. Bahuye rwihishwa imva yumubyeyi wa nyina, nabo bemeye gukundana. Itariki yibi birori izwiho rwose kuvanga inyandiko za Diary - 26 Kamena 1814. Bukeye, umukobwa abwira se ibyerekeye ihumure, kandi we, uteye ubwoba umukobwa we.
Ku ya 28 Nyakanga, abashakanye batorokaga mu Bufaransa, bajyana mushiki we Mariya, basenya hamwe na we, no mu Bwongereza, hagati aho, yari nyirabuja utwite wa nyirabuja - Harriet Bwana Nyuma yimyaka 2 umuhungu amaze kuvuka k'umuhungu Charles, umugore yararohamye, adashobora kwihanganira ubuzima nk'ubwo. Mu rugendo rwabujijwe kandi Mariya ubwayo. Amaze gusubira mu rugo ku ya 13 Nzeri, umukunzi w'abakunda abakunda yitabaje ubufasha Gowwin, ariko ntiyashakaga kugirana na kimwe mu mukobwa we.
Percy, yasize Mariya yatwite mu rugo, yavuye kuri Claire, wabaye nyirabuja, na Mariya na we ahumurizwa mu maboko ya Thomas Hogg, umunyamategeko n'inshuti magara ya Shelley. Ubuzima bwite bwabashakanye ntabwo bwababajwe nimpinduka - byombi byizeraga urukundo kubuntu no kurambagira.
Ku ya 22 Gashyantare 1815, Mariya yibarutse umukobwa mu mukobwa mu ntangiriro zamezi 2. Yapfuye ku ya 6 Werurwe. Umugore yaguye mu bwihebe, nabonye umwana ahantu hose. Inzozi z'umwana zagaragaye mu mwaka umwe nyuma y'umwaka: ku ya 24 Mutarama 1816, umuragwa kuri samuragwa - William yaragaragaye. Kuva muri ako kanya, Mariya yasabwe kumuhamagara "Madamu Shelly."
Ku ya 30 Ukuboza 1816, abashakanye amaherezo barashyingiwe, maze ku ya 2 Nzeri, uwo mwaka Mariya yibarutse umukobwa wa Clara. Kuri abana bombi ntibari bagenewe kubaho igihe kirekire: muri Nzeri 1818, Clara yapfuye, muri Kamena 1819 - William. Shelley yinjiye mu kwiheba. Ku ya 12 Ugushyingo 1819, Percy Florence yavutse - umwana wenyine warokotse.
Ku ya 27 Gashyantare 1819, umusizi yavukiye se wa Elena Adelaide Shelly - ngo babanaga n'umukobwa wa Mariya. Ntabwo bigaragara ko umwana we ari we, yafashwe ko Claire yabyaye i Baironi.
Ku ya 16 Kamena 1822, Mariya yari hafi y'urupfu: Yaciriye gukuramo inda, kubera ko yatakaje amaraso menshi. Muganga yarokoye ubuzima bwe, yatuye mu bwogero hamwe na barafu. Nyuma y'iminsi mike, ikindi kintu kibabaje cyabaye - ku ya 1 Nyakanga, Pischi Shelly n'Inshuti ye Edwards yapfiriye mu bwato. Imibiri yabo yatwaye iminsi 10 nyuma yumuyaga. Yatwitse.
Mu 1826, John Howard irangi, umukinnyi w'umunyamerika, yatumye Mariya atanga. Yaranze, avuga ko yari amaze gushaka ubuhanga bumwe n'u mugabo we utaha ntiwugomba kuba abahanga. Nyuma, umwanditsi w'Ubufaransa Prospere Melima, ibihangano Edrard John Treloni na Politiki Obry Boklerk yavuze. Ntamuntu wageze aho Shelley aherereye.
Urupfu
Mu myaka ya za 1840, Mariya yabayeho ku mwana w'umutonzi, kuva mu 1848 - na we hamwe n'umugore we Jane Gibson, umukobwa utagendanwa wa jabon, Umukobwa wa Banki y'Abanyamerika Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson Thomas Gibson
Kuva mu 1849, umwanditsi yababajwe na migraine, rimwe na rimwe umubiri we watangaye. Indwara ya Shelley yabayeho imyaka 2, yapfuye ku ya 1 Gashyantare 1851 afite imyaka 53. Birashoboka, icyateye urupfu byari ubwonko bwa kanseri.
Mariya yagitekereje kumushyingura nyina na se muri St. Paindcår i Londres, ariko uko byari bimeze kuri kiriya gihe byari biteye ubwoba. Jane Gibson yashyinguye nyirabukwe mu rusengero rwa Mutagatifu Petero muri arumoya.
Mu isabukuru yambere y'urupfu, agasanduku karafunguwe, gakurikirwa na Mariya. Yabonetse imirongo yimisatsi yabana be bapfuye, ikaye, aho intoki ya Pischi Beach yanditswemo ibisigo byagaragaye mbere, umukungugu wumutima.
Bibliografiya
- 1817 - "Amateka Yibyumweru bitandatu"
- 1818 - "Frankenstein, cyangwa Promeyo igezweho"
- 1819 - "Matilda"
- 1823 - "Walperga, cyangwa Ubuzima n'ibitekerezo bya Kastrchcho, Umuganwa Lucca"
- 1826 - "Umugabo wa nyuma"
- 1830 - "Iherezo Perkina Warbek"
- 1835 - "Lodod"
- 1837 - "Falkner"