Ubuzima
Andriyan Nikolaev ni rusange bw'indege nini z'Abasoviyeti, umwanditsi, umwanditsi, umukandida wa siyansi ya tekiniki, yari umunyarwanda wa gatatu wa USSR, wasuye umwanya. Uwitabira mu kigeragezo kitigeze kibaho mu kibanza kidafite ikirere niwe muntu wa mbere wakoraga muri orbit udafite skatera.
Kugira ngo Nikolaev yabeshye Padiri, Nikolaev yahawe inshuro ebyiri umutwe w'intwari y'ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti kandi ahabwa amabwiriza atandukanye n'imidari itandukanye.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Andriyan Grigorievich Nikolaev, ukomoka mu mudugudu wa Shoresheli Chuvashovskaya Posr, yavutse ku muryango wa Alekseeva kandi yari hagati y'abana bane.
Amaze kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye mu 1944, NIKOLAEV yinjiye mu ishuri rya Tekinike rya Maryano-Pososa. Hanyuma inzobere mu ntoya afite impamyabumenyi y'amashyamba yatangajwe ku kazi muri Karelia. Umusore washimishijwe no mu majyaruguru mu majyaruguru manini yatekerezaga ko nabonye umuhamagaro, ariko igihe cy'umurimo w'ingabo kiraza, kandi amaherezo ya Andriyan yarahindutse akonje.
Nikolaev yaje mu ngabo zindege, hanyuma arangije umurimo wihutirwa yinjira mu ishuri rirashe mu kirere ku ishuri rya gisirikare rya ChernihI. Kuba umuderevu wabiloti kandi ubishoboye, Andriyan yakomeje gukorera mu karere ka Moscou, aho yaguye munsi y'intangiriro ya Yeremiya Aviator Alexander Tashkin.
Inararibonye yakiriwe ku bajyanama bakomeye, Nikolaev yerekanye ibitangaza by'umuropiwa mu bihe bitandukanye. Igihe kimwe, mu ndege y'amahugurwa, igihe moteri ya mig-17 ifuni yanze, Andriyan shyira imodoka mu gasozi, yirinda impanuka y'umuhanda, yirinde impanuka z'umuhanda kandi yirinda impanuka y'umuhanda kandi yirinde ubuzima bwe. Kugirango wiregure nubutwari muburyo bugoye bwa Nikolaev bwahawe amasaha akoresheje nominal asobanura kandi yemera ishyaka rya gikomunisiti rya USSR.
Cosnatics
Ku ya 7 Werurwe 1960 yari itariki y'ingenzi muri biografiya ya flayeri ya Nikolaev. Kubera ibiranga ibintu byiza biva aho serivisi, Andriyan yajyanye abumva itsinda rya Cosmonaut, ryabaye Gagorin.
Mu mujyi w'inyenyeri, umuderevu yakoraga amasomo yo guhugura abahanga mu bushakashatsi, abahanga mu byATIsiorapiste n'abahanga mu binyabuzima n'abahanga mu binyabuzima, kandi, batsinze neza ibizamini byo kwa muganga mu bitaro bya Afurikako.
Abaderevu batandatu bafite ubumenyi buhebuje bwumubiri numwuga nurwego rumwe rwo kwitegura, bangana aha niho umuntu wa 1 mumwanya. Abayobozi b'indege, bidashoboka guhitamo, batambira abapilote bahitamo kandidatire bonyine. Andriyan na bagenzi bemeje ko Yuri Gagarin yari akwiye muri bo.
Ku ya 12 Mata 1962, inshuti zamaranye intwari kuri Cosmodeme ya Baikonur hamwe no gukomera imitima yakurikiranye indege y'iminota 108 y'imigani, kandi igihe ibiro bivuga ko Capsule hamwe na Gagarin, umunezero wabo wari ntabwo ari imipaka.
Ku muhengeri wo gutsinda, ubuyobozi bwa PCU bwatangiye kwitegura gutangiza inzira ya kabiri ya Rocket "Iburasirazuba-2". Umuyobozi w'ubwo bwa bwato yagizwe Umudage Titov, na Nikolaev bategetse inshingano za D. Abapilote barinangiye kunangira, kuko bagombaga kumara umunsi wose mu kirere kandi bwa mbere bumva imiterere idafite uburemere.
Indege ya kabiri yongeye kurengana nta cyifuzo cya Nikolaev, ariko umuderevu ntiyahagaritse imyitozo yateganijwe. Gusuzuma ituze, ibikusanya, igisubizo cyihuse kandi gikurikira amabwiriza akurikira, ikigo gishinzwe imiyoborere yindege cyagizwe Andriyan Grigorievich Komanda Martiatial "Iburasirazuba-.
Urugendo rwatangiye ku ya 11 Kanama 1962 rwabaye indege ya mbere y'intege nke mu kirere roketi 2 yitabiriye - Iburasirazuba bwa N'ikiyalayev iherekeje "Iburasirazuba-4", buyobowe na Pavel Popovich. Byongeye kandi, ubutumwa bwa Astronauths bwari bugeragezwa bwo kubona orbit idafite skiateman ikingira muburyo bwo kutagira uburemere, bukorwa numuderevu udatinya.
Kandi nyuma yimyaka, rubanda rumenye ku ruhande rwibanga rwo gutembera mu kirere "Iburasirazuba", bigana ibintu mu bwato bumwe bwakorewe nk'umugizi waho, undi yari intego ishobora.
Mu gihe cyo gutembera kwa mbere, Andriyan Grigorievich yagurutse inshuro 64 hafi y'isi yose kandi yari iherereye ku isi cyangwa ihe hafi y'isi y'amasaha 94 n'iminota 22, ashyiraho amateka yigihe cyindege. Yabaye inskure ya "Ifunguro rya Conner", inshuro eshatu kumunsi ifata ibiryo bitetse byumwihariko kandi bigatwara ikawa. Indege irangiye, izina ry'icyitegererezo niwe wa mbere mu gitabo cy'abamamaji w'icyubahiro na Heristism ya Repubulika y'icyubahiro, maze igihugu cya Repubulika ya Chuvash, kandi igihugu cyahaye commonaut kugera ku tandukaniro rinini.
Agarutse ku isi, Nikolayev yinjiye muri Moscouh Nikolay Zhukovsky Air Congsom Aff Avertiley, aho yuzuzaga kandi akomeza ubumenyi bwa tekiniki kandi mu 1968 yakiriye umwihariko kuri "Injelefer-Cosmonaut". Andriyan Grigorievich aba umuyobozi w'ikipe y'umujyi w'ikipe yeruye, maze mu 1965 yitabira kwitegura indege ku gicu hafi-igicu cyo ku mato ya soyu. Ubworozi bwateganijwe ntibwabaye, kandi Nikolaev afata umwanya w'umuyobozi wungirije w'ikigo cyigisha ikirere cyitwa Yuri Gagarin maze ahabwa izina rya Koloneli.
Mu 1970, Andriyan Grigorievich aba umuyobozi wa Soyuz-9 Abakozi, na Vitaliya, Setastyanov yabaye mugenzi we mu ndege ziri imbere. Pilote yagize 286 azenguruka isi kandi yagumye mumwanya 17 amasaha 16 niminota 58, amaze gucamo inyandiko zose zatekerejweho kandi zidasubirwaho.
Turashimira imirimo ihuriweho, Nikolaev hamwe na mugenzi wawe yakoze ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwa siyansi n'ubuvuzi, byateje ikibuga cy'indege cy'umwanzi ukekwa ku ikarita maze ukina ishyaka rya mbere rya Chess ryerekeza mu kipe ya chess. Bagarutse bashingiye ku makuru yerekeye imiterere y'umubiri y'abaderevu, abaganga bateguye gahunda yo kwitegura ibisabwa no kurwanya nyuma y'ibihe byo ku isi.
Kuri uku kurera, bisobanurwa muri firime "ya Andriyan Grigorievich yahawe ibihembo - gahunda ya 2 yintwari yinzego zubumwe bwa Soviti hamwe nizina rya Actiation Majoro Rukuru.
Nyuma yo guhaguruka, Nikolaev yakomeje gukora nk'umuyobozi mukuru wungirije w'ikigo gishinzwe amahugurwa y'ikirere, maze kuva mu 1994, umuderevu uzwi yakoraga muri Leta ya Duma ya Federasiyo y'Uburusiya. Mu kwandika impapuro zigera kuri 70 n'ubuhanzi ku mwanya, Andriyan Grigorievich mu 1975 yaburanishijwe kandi yakiriye izina rya siyansi ya tekiniki.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1963, Nikolaev, isadire ya nyuma y'umujyi wa Stellar, yashakanye n'umugore wa mbere - Cosmonaut Velina tereshkova. Ubukwe bwabereye mu nzu ya Guverinoma hamwe n'ubwisanyi bw'umunyamabanga mukuru wa USSR witwa KHrushchev.
Inshuti zasuzumye ko ubu bufatanye bufitiye akamaro siyanse na sosiyete kandi ntiyemera umunezero w'umugabo n'umugore bashya. Ibi bitekerezo bya Andriyan Grigorievich byahamijwe mu gitabo "Tuzahurira muri orbit," aho, tuvuga ko tuvuga ubuzima bwe bwite, ubushyuhe n'urukundo byashubije igice cye.
Umwaka umwe, umukobwa wa Elena, wari ufite ingaruka nyinshi z'umubiri yavukiye mu kirere umuryango. Ntabwo byabuzaga umukobwa kurangiza ishuri nubuvuzi Inkomoko yicyubahiro hamwe nicyubahiro, kurongora kabiri no kuba nyina w'abana babiri.
Ibisobanuro birambuye ku mibanire mumuryango wa Nikolaev bafashe ibanga. Mu bantu, abo bashakanye banze kwitabwaho kandi bahora bamwenyura, ariko hari ikintu mu ishyingiranwa ryabo ntibyagenze neza, kandi, nyuma yo kumara imyaka igera kuri 19, Andriyan Grigorievich na Valentina Vladimiirovna yahukanye.
Tereshkova yashakanye na Yulia Shaposhikova, Nikolayev mbere yuko urupfu ruguma wenyine.
Urupfu
Andriyan Nikolaev, wari ufite ubuzima bw'intwari mu myaka muto kandi akuze, yatangiye guhura n'umutima we mu mpera z'ubuzima.
Mu ci ryo mu 2004, abarozi batumiwe muri cheboksary nk'umucamanza w'itorero ryo mu cyaro. Ku ya 3 Nyakanga, nyuma y'ibyabaye n'inama y'abanyamakuru, aho ifoto ya nyuma y'umuderevu ruzwi, Nikolaev yazimiye, yazimiye ubwenge arapfa. Abaganga basanze aribwo impamvu yo gupfa kwindege majoro yabaye impfizi.
Andriyan Grigorievich yashyinguwe ku isi yavukiyemo ya chuvash arwanya ubushake bw'umugore we n'umukobwa we. Ishusho ya Cosmoniout idapfa mu nzu ndangamurage iherereye mu mudugudu wa Sharmani yitwa Chinel imigi.
Muri 2018, abaturage ba Burusiya batoye kureba ko izina ry'umuderevu rizwi ryahawe ikibuga mpuzamahanga cya Chuvash.
Amazina n'ibihembo
- 1961 - "Urutonde rwinyenyeri itukura"
- 1962 - Umuderevu-Cosmonaut ya Ussr
- 1962, 1970 - Intwari ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti
- 1962, 1970 - Umudari "Umudari wa Zahabu"
- 1962 - "Urutonde rwa Lenin"
- 1970 - "Umudari wa Zahabu Yitiriwe Yu.Gagarin"
- 1976 - "Urutonde rwa banner itukura"
- 1981 - Igihembo cya Leta cya USSR
- 1988 - ITEKA "KUBYEREKEYE UMUVUGIZI MU ISHYAKA RWA USSR" III
- 1991 - Umudari "wo gushimangira urugamba rwa Commonwealth"