Ubuzima
Galiaskar Kamal - Umwanditsi wa Tatar, Umwanditsi w'ikinamico akorera, umubare rusange n'umushinga w'ikibazo cya Teatical muri Tatarstan. Yahinduye ibikorwa by'Uburusiya kandi agira uruhare mu musaruro wabo kuri Segaba mu mujyi yavukiyemo.
Izina ryumwanditsi ni Galiaskar Galiakbarovich Kamaletdinov. Kubyerekeye ubwana bwumwanditsi buzi gato. Yavutse ku ya 6 Mutarama 1879 i Kazan. Se wumuhungu yakoraga nka wad, kandi umuryango ntiwatandukanye cyane.
Ubwana GALIASKAR yamaze mu mudugudu, aho nyina aje. Yarebye ubuzima bwe muri Mars yo hepfo, kandi yakoze imyanzuro ya mbere ivuga ku gikoresho cy'isi.
Uburezi umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yakiriwe muri Gosmania "na" Muhammadia "i Kazan. Umusore yigisha ikirusiya kandi nkubumenyi bwaguye ibitambo byavumbuye isi ikinamico nikinamico. Kuba Galiascar byashimiwe no guhanga kandi ibitabo, byaragaragaye ko ari ingimbi, niko byari byoroshye gutekereza ko ubuzima bwe buzahuzwa naya mabwiriza.
Kurema
Gukina bwa mbere byatangajwe, byasohotse mu ibaba ry'umwanya uzaza, umurimo wo "urubyiruko rubabaye." Galiascar yarabyanditse mu 1898, kandi mu 1907 yakoze integuro ya kabiri. Umusoro mukuru wa leitmotif ni ibibazo byimibereho nibitekerezo byuburezi ko umwanditsi wa Novice yagaragaje.
Yatangajwe Demokarasi, yashishikarije urujya n'uruza rw'impinduramatwara yo mu 1905-1907 ruba uwashinze ibinyamakuru byinshi. Mu 1906, "Azat" Edition yagaragaye, isobanurwa nk '"umudendezo", nyuma "Azat Halyk" ("Abantu badafite uburenganzira"), na nyuma yimyaka 2, "inkuba Kuzenguruka, Galiaskar Kamal yakoreye hamwe numusizi Gabdullah tukay.
Ishyaka ryurubyiruko Ryikinamico ntiryasize Kamala kandi mumyaka yashaje. Yateje imbere iterambere ry'urubanza rw'ikinamico kandi agira uruhare mu kurema itangazo rya mbere, yahawe abaturage mu 1906. Plandwill yanditseho ikora kubibera aho bifatika, amakimbirane ajyanye ninyuguti nziza. Igikinisho cye cyashizeho urufatiro rwibindi bisubiramo tatar pre-theatre yamenetse.
Buhoro buhoro, ibitekerezo byuburezi byubuhanga byasimbuwe no gusebanya kw'ibiti, ubutegetsi buriho n'inzitizi z'imibereho. Satyc Netéc ya Plawroght yabaye ishusho yigihe isi yamwangaga. Yakoresheje imanza nyazo nkishingiro ryimirimo kandi yamenyekanye ko abantu bamenyekana byoroshye.
Mu 1908, Premiere ya Peedey "Ikiganiro cya mbere" cyabereye muri theatre. Yasobanuye urugamba rwo guhindura imirimo y'imikino y'igihugu. Mu ishusho y'imico nyamukuru, doping yose yagaragajwe, yangwa n'umwanditsi. Mu 1912, abari bateze amatwi babonye umusaruro w "amabanga y'abaturage bacu", aho umuco wahungabanije mask ashyigikira gahunda ya cyami, yihaye abagiraneza. Muri uwo mwaka, "guhomba", ibitekerezo byamata kubyerekeye gutegura inyangamugayo, byateje imbere abahagarariye bourgeoisie.
Ibikorwa bitangaje bya Galiascar Kamala byabaye ibimenyetso ku bayobozi ba Tatar n'abakinnyi b'icyo gihe. Hamwe na hamwe hamwe n'abantu batekereza, umwanditsi yemeje iterambere ry'imiterere y'inzu nk'igikoresho cyo kurwanya rubanda no gukumira ibitabo bya kera.
Umukinyi wifashishijwe nkumusemuzi, kandi kuri stade ya theatre yatangiye gukina ibitaramo ku gicura cya Maxim Gorky, Alexander Ostrovsky, Nikolai Gogil muri Tatar. Umukozi w'ikinamico na we yanditse inyandiko n'ingingo zikomeye, yasangiye ibitekerezo bye bijyanye na realism.
Impinduramatwara no mu ntambara y'abenegihugu yahumekeye umwanditsi. Yishe mu kurema imirimo hamwe n'umwuka w'Abasoviyeti, yanditse igisigo kandi arema ibishushanyo. Gushyigikira umwanya wa Leta, Kamal yabaye umuhanzi mu rwego rw'ikibazo cya Krasnoarmeysian Troupe Tatar. Munsi ya Audonym Aulia na Sosiyete, umwanditsi yanditse imyirondoro ya satani, aho abakozi n'abahinzi bari bafite inyungu nyinshi.
Mu 1921, Galiaskar yamenyesheje rubanda gukina "Cute Hafisa," avuga ku bintu byiza by'impinduramatwara y'abaturage n'impinduka zizagena mu mibanire myiza. Mu 1926, umwanditsi yakiriye izina rya Davewright.
Ifite amatsiko yo ku buryo, usibye ibikorwa bya Teatrical n'ibitabo, Galiaskar Kamal yakundaga gushushanya no guhamagarwa. Yaje kuba umwanditsi w'amashusho menshi ku ngingo nkora imibereho myiza. Gufatanya no gusohora inzu yo gusohora, umugabo yitaye cyane ku bijyanye no kuvura Tatar CallAphy. Yitabiriye kandi umurimo w'ubuhanzi n'igihe cyo mu kidozo, yiga imikorere y'ibikorwa.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Galiascar Kamal yagaragaye mubuzima bwumwuga kandi bwihariye. Umwanditsi n'umubare rusange yari umutware uzwi cyane mu myanda ya Kazan Sadiq HayBullina. Umukobwa w'umucuruzi yabaye umugore we, kandi mwene wabo mushya yari kubahiriza ubwikorezi cyane kandi yiganje cyane muri Kamal.
Umucuruzi yari afite imigambi ye kuri Galiascar. Ubumenyi bw'amakinamico ya Sharie bushobora kuza mubintu, niba yemeye kuba Imamu mu musigiti, Haybullin yubatse. Kamala ibitekerezo ntabwo yabitayeho. Kwiyunga kwabonetse tubikesha amasezerano: Umukwe watangiye kugurisha ibicuruzwa byacapwe.
Ubukwe bwabereye mu 1900, kandi se atanga inzu ku muhanda wa Narimunov kumukobwa we yakundaga cyane, uhagaze muri Qazan. Abana bo mumuryango bagaragaye nyuma yimyaka myinshi. Galiaskar Kamal yishimiye cyane kubyara k'umuhungu mu 1908.
Galiascar Kamal yashakanye kabiri, umugore we wa kabiri yari umukobwa witwa Asma. Plandwright yari afite abaratsi 6: abahungu 5 n'umukobwa umwe.
Urupfu
Tatar TlowWright yapfuye mu 1933. Ibitera urupfu rw'umwanditsi ntabwo byabaye impamvu yo kuganira. Galiascar Kamal yari umwe mu bahanzi bake ba Tatar bashoboye gufata ubutegetsi bushya bwa politiki no gukomeza gukora hamwe no guhumekwa. Urupfu rwa PlawIght rwabaye igihombo cyubuvanganzo bwigihugu.
Noneho ifoto ye irashobora kugaragara mu rukuta rwikinamico yamasomo muri Kazan, yitiriwe umukinyi. Muri Tatarstan, hari imihanda myinshi yitwa izina ry'umugaragaro, maze inzu y'umwanditsi aba ingoro ndangamurage. Mu 1959, yakiriye urwibutso rw'amateka n'umuco.
Bibliografiya
- 1907 - "Urubyiruko rubabaje"
- 1908 - "Kubera impano"
- 1911 - "Umukunzi"
- 1911 - "Amabanga y'Umujyi wacu"
- 1912 - "Guhomba"
- 1921 - "Cute Hafisa"