Ubuzima
Augusto Pnochet - Jenerali wa Chilian, umunyapolitiki, umuyobozi mukuru w'ingabo, umunyamerika umunyamerika. Umaze kugera ku butegetsi biturutse kuri guverinoma ya Leta, Igisirikare cyatoranijwe cyatoranijwe mu buryo bwa demokarasi guverinoma y'abasosiyalisiti kandi ikuraho imbaraga za Leta. Umwanditsi w'ivugurura agamije kwishyira ukizana mu bukungu, yabyaye igitangaza "Chileya", umurage we uracyanengwa kandi akomeza kurenganurwa.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Augusto Ramon Pinochet Walp yavutse ku ya 25 Ugushyingo 1915 mu kigo cy'ubuyobozi cya Chilian. Ababyeyi be ba Augusto Pintochet Vera na Alelina, bakomokaga ku gifaransa na Basque bimukiye muri Amerika yepfo mu ntangiriro ya XIX. Papa yakoraga ku cyambu, mu mirimo ya gasutamo, naho nyina ayobora ubukungu kandi akuza abana batandatu.
Mu busore bwe, Augusto yize mu iseminari rya Raminari ya Rafal, yasuye Ikigo cy'Abagatolika cy'AbaminiTari n'Ishuri ry'Itorero muri Partparaiso, hanyuma mu 1931 yinjira mu kigo cya gisirikare i Santiago. Nyuma yimyaka 4 yiga geografiya, umusore warangije amashami y'abanyamaguru, yakiriye ipeti ry'umusirikare wa Alférez maze ahindurwa mu gice cya gisirikare cyo kwifungirwa, hanyuma ahindurwa mu gisirikare cyo kwicwa, hanyuma ahindurwa mu gisirikare, hanyuma gihindurwa mu gisirikare, cyari mu mujyi wavuzwe muri Valparaiso.
Mu 1948, Augusto yakomeje kwiga mu ishuri rya gisirikare, yari akwiye kunganirwa kwa ofisiye mukuru w'icyicaro gikuru maze atangira kwigisha geografiya na Geopolitike, ndetse no guhindura ikinyamakuru abanyeshuri "Cien.
Serivisi ya gisirikare no guhirika ubutegetsi
Bidatinze, Picochet yashyizweho na Porofeseri maze yoherezwa muri uquateur kugira ngo ategure ishuri rya gisirikare. Muburyo bwo gukora ubu butumwa, umusore ukiri muto yakomeje guhekenya granite yubumenyi bwa gisirikare. Tumaze imyaka 3 mu myanya y'ubuyobozi mu ngabo za Chilina no kugarura izina ry'umuyobozi ushinzwe ubutegetsi, Augusto yafashe umwanya w'umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe ishuri rya GATANI.
Mu 1968, umunyagitugu uzaza yabaye umuyobozi mukuru w'amacakubiri wa 6 yoherejwe muri Ikike, yakiriye ipeti rya Brigade Gashyantare kandi ashyiraho inyandiko y'intara ya Trouser ya Tarapak.
Nyuma yimyaka 4, Pnochechet yamaze kuyobora ibirindiro by'ingabo za Santiago, maze nyuma yo kwegura kwa Carlos marlos aba umuyobozi mukuru w'ingabo za Chilean. Muri iki gihe, igihugu cyari kinyeganyega, umubare w'imigezi y'imbere wageze ku ngingo ikomeye. Igisirikare cyafashe urwo rubanza mu ntoki no mu murongo wo mu 1973, nyuma yo gutangaza ko Guverinoma itubahiriza Itegeko Nshinga, Perezida wa El Salvador avuga.
Uruhare rwa PINOCHET mubyabaye ntabwo byumvikana neza. Mu gitabo cya Memoov, yavuze ko ari we wabigize umugambi mubisha ahuza ibikorwa by'ingabo na Polisi y'igihugu, ndetse n'abayobozi bo mu rwego rwo hejuru bavuze ko komando w'ingabo yavuze ko umuyobozi w'ingabo atabishaka yinjira muri ako garo kandi yitabira, Ukurikije urugero rwa benshi. Abanditsi ba Filime "muri Santiago" baza imvura "na" ijoro hejuru ya Chili "baragerageza kubyumva.
Nyuma yo guhirika guverinoma no kwiyahura kwa Junta, PONCHET yahagarariye ingabo, maze José Toribio Merino - Amato, Lee Gustavo - Ingabo zirwanira mu kirere cya gisirikare, na karabinierov.
Bane bahagaritse ingaruka z'itegeko Nshinga n'umurimo wa Kongere batangira gushyira mu bikorwa imirimo Nyobozi n'imishinga y'amategeko ya Guverinoma, itangiza kugenzura bikabije ndetse n'isaha yo gutaha. Kugeza ku ya 17 Ukuboza 1974, abajenerali bacunze igihugu, bahagarika ibikorwa bya politiki, hanyuma Inama y'Ubutegetsi yimurirwa mu maboko ya Pinchet, irenze ku masezerano yo gutegeka, yabaye perezida w'ikilito wenyine.
Inteko Nyobozi
Mu ntangiriro z'inama y'ubutegetsi, Pnocheh yagerageje gukuraho abanyapolitiki batameze neza n'abajenerali. Mu kwegura ku gahato, umuyobozi w'indege Lee, José Toribio Merino yatakaje imbaraga za politiki, kandi umuyobozi wa minisiteri y'imbere yatsinzwe na Oscar Bonilla mu bihe bidahuye na byo byaguye mu mpanuka y'indege.
Perezida yahawe ububasha rusange kuri Leta afite uburenganzira bwo gutangaza ko ibintu byihutirwa no gukemura ibibazo by'amategeko n'abayobozi. Inteko ishinga amategeko n'amashyaka yatakaje uburenganzira bwo gutora, kandi Kongere y'igihugu yashonga.
Chili yimukiye mu butegetsi bwa gisirikare, umwanzi mukuru watangajwe n'abakomunisiti. Ibyo byakurikiwe no gukandamizwa nabi, abantu bagera ku bihumbi 3 barishwe, kandi abarenga igihumbi baracyabuze, yiciwe bwa mbere muri Santiago. Mu rwego rwo guharanira umutekano w'igihugu, PinOchet yashyizeho ubugenzuzi budasanzwe (Dina), wagaragaje abatavuga rumwe na leta nshya. Abanyapolitike benshi batigeze bashyigikira Perezida bapfuye bazize abashinzwe ubutasi.
Ubukungu bwa Leta bwateganijwe bwongeye kuvugururwa no gushyirwa munzira yinzibacyuho kumubano wamasoko. Noneho amagambo azwi cyane yumunyagitugu yagaragaye mu binyamakuru:
Ati: "Turimo kugerageza guhindura Chili mu gihugu cya ba nyirayo, ntabwo ari Abami bakomeye" "Tugomba kwita ku bakire ku kubaha byinshi."Ivugurura ryatumye habaho impinduka muri gahunda ya pansiyo, ituruka ku isaranganye yahindutse imiti, kandi ubuvuzi n'uburere bwahinduye amaboko yigenga. Ibigo byikandaga mu myaka ya Arellende byasubiye muri ba nyir'ubwite bwa mbere, byatumye kwagura ubucuruzi n'ibitekerezo binini. Kubera iyo mpamvu, igihugu cyakoraga mubukene nubusumbane.
Mu 1978, Loni yamaganye ingengabitekerezo no gutuza kwa PONCATION, irekura icyemezo gikwiye. Perezida wa Chili yashubije hamwe na referendum yashyigikiye cyane imbaraga zisanzwe. Nyuma yimyaka 2, umujyanama wa Jenerali Jenerali Hima Gusman yateguye itegeko nshinga rishya rya Chili, akurikije manda y'imyaka 8 y'ubucamanza kandi akanama gashinzwe ubutabera kandi hashyizweho umutekano w'igihugu .
Izi ntambwe zabyaye ishyirwaho ry'imitwe yatanzwe n'abayobozi b'ishyaka rya gikomunisiti. Abanyamuryango bayo bafashe ibikorwa byinshi, imwe muri zo yari igerageza ryatsinzwe ku buzima bwa PONCHET, byakozwe mu 1986.
Mu guhangana no kwiyongera ku kurwanya abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi n'umuryango mpuzamahanga, mu 1987, Amahanga yerekeye amashyaka yemewe n'amategeko ashyiraho amatora ya perezida. Icyemezo cy'umunyagitugu cyatewe n'inama n'igihome cy'ukwemera Gatolika na John Paulika wa Kayikiye, wahamagaye Augusto agaruka igihugu mu nzira ya demokarasi.
Amaze gutakaza amajwi mu Kwakira 1988, umuyobozi wa Chilean yagumye ku mwaka 1 nk'umukuru wa Leta aho kuba manda y'imyaka 8. Ku ya 11 Werurwe 1990, PONCHET yatsinze imicungire y'igihugu ku yakira Patricio Eylvia Asokar, wabonye amajwi menshi kuri referendum ifunguye. Umunyagitugu yakomeje kuba umuyobozi w'ikirenga w'ingabo kugeza mu 1998, hanyuma ahindagurika nk'umusenateri ubuzima bwawe bwose.
Mu kugwa kwa 1998, Pinochet yatawe bwa mbere mugihe bamaze mu ivuriro rya Londres, kandi nyuma y'umwaka wambuwe ubudahangarwa maze ahamagarira igisubizo cy'ibyaha bya gisirikare n'igihugu. Nyuma y'amezi 16 yafatwaga muri yombi mu Bwongereza mu gihugu cyabo, aho iperereza ku bikorwa by'ubugizi bwa nabi bifite umwanya mu mibereho y'umuryango mukuru wamaraso watangiye.
Kubera uwahoze ari perezida, Chili yashinjwaga kwica, gushimuta, ruswa, kugurisha intwaro no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. Imbere y'urukiko, Pnochet ntabwo yabayeho.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ku ya 30 Mutarama 1943, Picochet yashakanye na Ludriguez w'imyaka 20: Ines Lunicia, Maria Veronika, Jacqueline Marie, Augusto Osvaldo na Marco Antonio. Uwo mwashakanye yari umunyagitugu yari uhagarariye ubwoko bukize, akinira uruhare runini mu buzima bwa politiki bw'igihugu. Mu ikubitiro, se wa Lucila yarwanyije kurongora umukobwa we, ariko amushimangira.
Ubuzima bwihariye bwa PinOchet bwahujwe muburyo butandukanye numwuga wa politiki. Umugore yabaye umujyanama w'agaciro kuri jenerali, kandi umwe mu bakobwa yagerageje gukomeza urubanza rwa Data, aba umunyamuryango w'ishyaka rikwiriye.
Nyuma y'urupfu rw'uwahoze ari perezida wa Chili, umuryango we watawe muri yombi inshuro nyinshi kubera guhisha amafaranga no kunyereza imisoro. Icyakora, imbaraga z'abavoka zaretse gutotezwa. Umurage w'abanyagituni wari ugizwe na miliyoni 28 z'amadolari, wongeyeho, yari nyir'isomero rinini aho kopi ibihumbi n'ibihumbi byakusanyijwe.
Urupfu
Gucira amafoto byakozwe mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 90 - kare 2000, PONCHET yatandukanijwe n'ubuzima bukomeye. Icyakora, kubera impamvu z'ubuvuzi, yarekuwe mu gutabwa muri yombi kandi ahindurwa mu gufungwa.
Ku ya 3 Ukuboza 2006, uwahoze ari umunyagitugu yari afite igitero, maze ajyanwa kwitabwaho cyane. Nyuma y'icyumweru, uwakoze ku rupfu rw'igihumbi y'abaturage ibihumbi by'Abanyamilina bapfiriye mu rugereko rukikijwe n'abagize umuryango. Impamvu y'urupfu niyo kubyimba kw'ibihaha byatewe no kunanirwa k'umutima.
Ku ya 10 Ukuboza 2006, imbaga y'abantu yagiye mu mihanda ya Santiago no mu yindi mijyi. Urupfu rwa Pnochent rwateje imyigaragambyo nini kandi rukaterana mubatavuga rumwe nuburyo rusange.
Bukeye, umurambo wahoze ari perezida wimuriwe mu kubaka ishuri ry'ishuri rya gisirikare muri Las riremereye, aho umuhango wo gusezera. Umukungugu wa Pnochet wahaye umuryango kugirango wirinde kuvuza imva.