Ubuzima
Gabdulla Tukai ni umusizi wa Tatar hamwe no kunegura, kunegura ubuvanganzo. Uwashinze imigenzo y'ibisigo w'igihugu, yagize uruhare mu iterambere ry'ururimi rwa Tatar. Abanditsi benshi babaye abayoboke b'umwanditsi.
Gabdulla Tukai yavukiye mu mudugudu wa Kushlavych ku ya 26 Mata 1886. Se yapfuye igihe umuhungu yari akiri umwana, maze nyina apfa nyuma yimyaka 4, asiga umwana ufite impfubyi. Stephift ntiyafashe inshingano zo kwiyongera kwa Gabdulla, amushyikiriza amaboko ya sogokuru, Mulle zinnatulle. Ubuzima bwumuhungu ntibyari byoroshye. Muri iyo minsi, ibintu byose byari bigoye kubantu bose, niko umuntu winyongera murugo yashakaga kuvuga ibiciro bitunguranye kandi udashaka.
Sogokuru yabonye igisubizo cyiza yohereza umwuzukuru muri Kazan mu muryango wakira. Umuhungu yemeye ubushyuhe n'ubuntu. Ariko nyuma yimyaka 2, ababyeyi bitwaga barwaye bohereza Gabdulla evoy. Nta muntu n'umwe wari utegereje inzu ye. Sekuru yatangiye gushakisha aho kuba umwana.
Gukora burundu, ubukene, nta kwitabwaho kandi byitaweho byagize ingaruka ku mvugo ya tuntut, yajugunywe kandi irababaza. Yahisemo kumuha Sagdi y'amahanga, wabaga mu mudugudu wa Kyrlay. Yabaye kandi umukene, ariko ukuboko kwiyongera mu mudugudu yahoraga aha. Kuva kumurimo ukomeye hano ntabwo wagombaga guhunga umuntu uwo ari we wese, kandi mu bwana hari byinshi byo gukora.
Mu 1895 Gabdulla Tukai yegamiye nyirale muri uralsk. Yabonye icumbi mu nzu y'umucuruzi USMANOVA. Umusore yatangiye kwiga asura ishuri ryabayisilamu. Yatangiye kwiga Ikirusiya no kwerekana ubushobozi mu byerekezo bitandukanye. Ibidukikije byita ku mpano ye.
Mu myaka 19, Tukai yakoze ibisobanuro bya mbere mu kirusiya. Imirimo yakoraga yarisni ivan krylov. Ibisigo rero byatwaye umusore ko yatangiye guhindura imirimo y'ubwanditsi w'Uburusiya mu rurimi rw'ibitabo, atangiza abaturage impano n'abanditsi n'abanditsi bakomeye.
Mu 1904, umurimo wa Gabdullah wacapwe mu kinyamakuru "ikinyejana gishya". Ubwa mbere, Tukai yatekereje imigenzo y'icyarabu-Persian mu misizi, ariko ibitabo by'Abarusiya byazanye ibintu bishya muburyo bwe. Inyandiko za Alexandre Cushkin na Mikhail Lermontov yagize icyo atekereza cyane ku musemuzi kandi akaba yarahumekeye imivugo. Nubwo mu bwana bigoye, Gabdulla Tukai yabonaga ko yishimye kandi mu mirimo ye ashyira intego nziza kandi nziza.
Ibisigo nibikorwa mbonezamubano
Impinduramatwara hamwe nigihe gifatika, cyatangiye mu 1905, cyongeweho inyandiko nshya mubikorwa byumusizi. Yabaye ijwi rya demokarasi, ryarwanyaga imbaraga na capitalism. Gukandamizwa kw'abatavuga rumwe n'ubuvumo, umwanditsi yasobanuye mu mirimo, byasohotse mu gihe. Yanditse ibisigo kubyerekeye impinduramatwara kandi agatabo ityaye mu rurimi rwa Tatar.
Gukora umwasomyi n'amasomo yanditswe, buhoro buhoro Tukai yabaye umukozi w'ababwiriza. Yahisemo kuva mu magambo kugeza uru rubanza, ateza imbere impinduramatwara, kandi yitabira imyigaragambyo no kwigaragambya. Mu 1907, Gabdulla yavuye mu ishuri ry'abayisilamu maze aba amateka yuzuye ya revolution. Ibikorwa bye muri iki gihe byari mu misa yo guhamagarira gukangura umwuka wo kurwanira. Umwanditsi yahawe Abenegihugu bagenzi be kwitabira icyubahiro cy'ubutaka bwe kavukire na demokarasi mu nyandiko, nk '"ntabwo tugenda!".
Gabduge yahise agora kumenya impamvu zituma habaho impinduramatwara. Yayobewe, umuhengeri wo kwiheba, wafashe umusizi, yagaragaye mu kazi ke. Tukai asubira muri Kazan, abona aho yerekeza mu gushimangira ibitabo mu mujyi yavukiyemo.
Umwanditsi yazanye urubyiruko rutera imbere maze atangira kugerageza muri satire. Kuko mwaka atuye mu Kazan, yanditse igakora nyinshi, imivugo ibikorwa itangazamakuru, mu ngingo z'ingenzi zari amaganya kuko abantu, icyizere no kwizera ubutabera, uretse icyubahiro n'agaciro. Umwanditsi yasohotse mu binyamakuru "Zarnitsa" na "inkuba". Kuba umwanditsi w'inararibonye, Tukai yashyize ahagaragara uruziga rw'imirimo, muri bo harimo Pakaina "rweguriwe inshuti ye magara.
Umwanditsi ntiyatindiganyije kwerekana ibitekerezo n'ibyiyumvo ku mpapuro, asangira n'abasomyi. Imirimo ya "GENT" na "Garuka i Kazan" ijyanye n'iki gihe cyo guhanga, igaragara neza ko umwanditsi atakiri mu isi yo kwibeshya, ariko ashimishwa cyane nukuri murugo rukaze. Yasabye umwuga no mubantu bahanga. Imirimo yaremye mu 1911-1912 yanditswe ingufu zibitekerezo bya nostalgic kubyerekeye igihugu cyabo no gukunda igihugu.
Tukai yakoze ingendo ku ngimbuzi. Yasuye Astrakhan, aho yahuriye n'abaharanira inyungu. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1912, umusizi yanyuze muri UFA ahagana mu butayugatifu Petersburg, aho ibitekerezo by'impinduramatwara hamwe n'ubwenge bwateye imbere byibanda ku gihe. Igitekerezo cyurugendo cyahujwe numusizi Naririman karimanov, impinduramatwara ya Mullaur Vakhitov numwanditsi Magitur Gafuri.
Ibibazo byubuzima, muri iki gihe, babamenyesheho ubwabo, ntibahagaritse umusizi. Kuva St. Petersburg, yirukanaga mu troitsk, maze ava aho akomeza inzira yerekeza muri Qazaqide Cebaya, yizeye ko azavuma mu buryo bw'igitangaza na KUISMA. Yagarutse i Kazan, Gabdulla Tukai yamenye ko kuba intantaro batitabiriye bitasubiye inyuma. Umutwaro munini nibihe bibi bibaho bikabije uko ibintu bimeze. Ariko imyifatire yarwanye ntiyigeze ishira kumpapuro z'imirimo yaryo.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Dukurikije ubwitange bwayo abo mu gihe, Gabdulla Tukai bategereje abakobwa, bafite ipfunwe kubera isura ye. Amahirwe kandi make, afite inda yijisho, ryahatiye kwambara ibirahuri byijimye, ntabwo yizeraga ko ashobora gukunda umuntu. Umusizi ntiyumva mod, kuko batayemerera imari, kandi nta nyungu. Amafaranga mu mufuka we buri gihe yagaragaye, kubera ko ibitabo byazanye amafaranga, ariko Tukai ntabwo yapfiriye gukiza: Yatanze ideni nta garagaza, yateguye nimugoroba, yafashaga abo tuziranye.
Abakobwa kandi ko uru rubanza rwatanze ibimenyetso bya Gabdulla, bategereje ibiro byatanzwe, n'umusizi wirinze inama iyo ari yo yose. Zutan Mavlydova, umukobwa wumucuruzi, na we yarose muziranye na SNAP. Yasabye ubufasha abavandimwe. Fatih amirkhan yerekanye umukobwa kumusizi igihe yakinaga na bagenzinije mu ikarita mu mubwiriza. Inama ya mbere yari igihe gito: Tukai ntabwo yerekanye inyungu, kandi yakuweho. Urubyiruko rwose rwabonye inshuro 5.
Inama ya kabiri yabaye ku mahirwe: Tukai yabonye umukobwa wo mu idirishya rya Tram akakira. Ku nshuro ya gatatu, gahunda yerekanaga Zaitan. Itumanaho ryabo ryamaze igihe gito. Tukai yari yarebye, yahoraga agiye kugenda, kandi gukundana n'umuturanyi yamukomeje. Kurambagiza icya kane byatanze amahirwe yo kumva ko ari ubuntu.
Bamaranye nyuma yumugoroba wubuvanganzo, bagenda mumuhanda. Ku nshuro ya gatanu, urubyiruko rwateraniye mu biro by'ubwato. Zutani yavuye i Kazan yerekeza i Chistopol ajya gusezera. Gabdulla yasezeranyije ko azaza muri pier kuvuga neza kandi ntiyigeze.
Nyuma yimyaka 5, igihe Tukay ari ku bapya, Zutani yaje kumusura mu bitaro. Yategereje uruhushya rwo kwinjira muri ward, ariko Gabdulla arabubuza. Nyuma, umukobwa yashakanye n'umukozi w'Itorero, umuhungu we na umwuzukuru babaye abasizi. Mbere y'urupfu, umugore yasabye kumuhamba hafi bishoboka mu mva ya Tuka. Ku mva ye, imirongo yari ikozwe mu gisigo cyeguriwe umukundwa.
Ubuzima bwumuntu Gabdullah Tuka ntabwo yakoze. Nta mugore n'abana yari afite. Kugeza igihe urupfu rw'urupfu mu mutima we, ibyiyumvo byariyongereye kuri Zatun.
Urupfu
Ubuzima bwa Tatar Umusizi wa Tatar ni bugufi. Yapfuye afite imyaka 26 muri Mata 1913. Impamvu y'urupfu yabaye urukundo, rugoye n'inzara. Kora mu nzu yo gucapa ivuza mu 1912 yongereye indwara. Urupfu rwa Gabdulla Mukeraet rwabaye igihombo cyubuvanganzo nubuhanzi.
Noneho ushishikajwe n'akazi k'umusizi, umunyamakuru n'umusemuzi bishyigikirwa kurwego rwa Leta. Kwibuka Gabdulle Tuka, inzu ndangamurage y'ubuvanganzo yafunguwe i Kanan. Mu karubanda ku muhanda wa Puchkin, yitiriwe icyubahiro cye, hari urwitwa umwanditsi, n'amafoto ye ashushanyijeho ibitabo ku bitabo. Urubuga rwemewe rwahaye umuntu we, rusobanura ubuzima bwa Tuka kandi ni ingero z'imirimo.
Bibliografiya
- 1905 - "Kubwisanzure"
- 1906 - "parasite"
- 1906 - "Leta ya Duma"
- 1907 - "Mbega Shakedraves"
- 1907 - "Ntazagenda!"
- 1907 - "Kurandura"
- 1908 - "Abenegihugu"
- 1908 - "Senaya Bazaar cyangwa Kisekbash nshya"
- 1911 - "Gnet"
- 1911 - "Dacha"
- 1912 - "URUBYIRUKO RWATAR"
- 1913 - "Ibyiringiro by'abaturage ..."