Ubuzima
Simon Bolivar - Imwe mu mpinduramatwara nziza mu mateka y'isi. Ku baturage ba mucyo mushya, politiki y'izina ni ikimenyetso cyo kwibohora mu bihugu bya Amerika y'Epfo, abahoze muri Esipanye. Bolivar yizeraga ko ubucakara bugomba kurimburwa, kandi abaturage kavukire banganya uburenganzira bwo kubona ubuzima bwiza.
Ubuzima bwa nyuma, Bolivar yakiriye izina rya "Libetor ya Amerika". Mu bihe, politiki ifite hejuru no kumanuka. Mbere y'urupfu, yakomeje kuba umwizerwa ku bitekerezo bye. Izina rye ntiwudapfa mu izina ry'igihugu - Boliviya, uwahoze ari koloni yo muri Esipanye ya Peru.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Bolivar yavutse ku ya 24 Nyakanga 1783 muri Karacas. Izina ryuzuye - Simon José Antonio de La Santirima Trinidad Bolivar de La La Dilaciony-na-ponte palacios-na blanco. Abashakashatsi ku bakora ubushakashatsi muri politiki yashizweho: abakurambere b'ejo hazaza hazamutse muri Amerika yepfo kuva mu gihugu cya Basque mu kinyejana cya 16. Abimukira bahuye neza nubuzima bwabakoloni bo muri Espagne kandi bidatinze batangiye kugira uruhare rugaragara mubuzima bwimidugudu mishya.
Ndashimira ibikorwa bya Santa Simona, umutwe wa vinont, kandi ntabwo yemerewe numwami wa Espanye. Se wa Simoni, Juan Vincent Bolivar, yakomeje umwanya wumuryango. Nyuma y'urupfu, ababyeyi ba Simoni basize umusore samuragwa, ibimera, amazu, imbata n'amabuye y'agaciro. Muri iyo bamaze kurya no kugereranya na Leta y'abakize ba none, Bolivar yashoboraga kwinjira kurutonde rwa miriyoni yamadorari.
Syrota yareze nyirarume Carlos Palacios. Umwarimu kubintu byingenzi yari filozofiya Simon Rodriguez. Yeguriye urwoto Simoni mu gitekerezo cyo kumurikira mu Bufaransa maze abwirwa ku buryo burambuye kubyerekeye ibitekerezo bya republika. Umunyamabanga wa Rodriguez amaze gutoza Simoni, Umunyamabanga wa Guverineri Mukuru Andres Belo arasezeranye. Ndashimira umujyanama, Simoni ahura n'abahanga na Alexander Humboldt na eme bonplan, bagize uruhare rukomeye ku isi ya Bolivar.
Mu 1799, abarezi bafata icyemezo cyo kohereza umusore muri Espagne kugirango bigishe jurispride. Bolivar ifata umuryango wa cyami. Ashyigikiye itumanaho na Prince Ferdinand, umwami wa Espagne, uzahita aba umwanzi mukuru wa politiki.
Nyuma yimyaka ine, mu 1803, Simoni yimukiye mu Bufaransa. Kwiga mumasomo ya Paris Polytechnic no hejuru yishuri risanzwe. Umukunzi we wa mubyara we yavuganye cyane numugozi wubusa. Mu ruziga rwabo, Bolivar yinjiye, asangira n'ibitekerezo bisanzwe kuri politiki no ku isi.
Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, ejo hazaza haza impinduramatwara mu 1805. Urugero rwo kubohora muri Amerika kuva abayobozi b'Abongereza bahinduka icyitegererezo cy'ubworozi bwo muri Amerika yepfo. Bolivar muri bo. Yemewe mu bitekerezo bye bya politiki. Igitekerezo cyo kurema mu butaka bwibihugu byabanyamerika byo muri Amerika Amerika y'Amerika muri Amerika yepfo bimushyira imbere.
Igikorwa cya politiki
Mu 1810, Bolivar yitabira imyigaragambyo na Francisco Miranda, biganisha kuri Venezuwela mu mwaka wamamaza ubwigenge. Guverinoma ya Espagne iragerageza gusubiza ibihugu byabakoloni. Mu 1812, ingabo za Venezuwela zarasenyutse, naho Miranda yoherezwa muri gereza. Bolivar ikura mu gihugu no guhisha mu karere ka Grenada nshya.
Kugeza mu 1813, Simoni, hamwe n'inyeshyamba, bitegura agace gashya, kangahe ucumbikira ingabo z'Abanyepanye. Bolivar ibaye igice cya II ya Repubulika ya Venezuwela kandi yakira urwego rwo kwibohora. Ariko nyuma yumwaka, Abesipanyoli bashoboye gukomanga Bolivar bava mumujyi munini wa Venezuwela - Caracas.
Umunyapolitiki yajuririye abayobozi ba Gaiti kandi ahabwa inkunga. Mu 1816, Bolivar ageze muri Amerika yepfo atangira kuvugurura. Kureka ubucakara kandi utangaza ko atangwa abasirikare b'imiryango bitabiriye intambara kubera ko ubwigenge.
Mu 1818-1819, Simoni Bolivar, ashyigikiye ingabo z'abantu bahuje ibitekerezo, bashiraho kugenzura byinshi muri Venezuwela na Grenada nshya. Mu mpera za 1819, yatowe na Perezida wa Repubulika ya Columbiya Nkuru, yarimo uturere twa Kolombiya igezweho na Venezuwela.
Mu 1824, Abesipanyoli bari muri Kayiko y'Abakolombiya bava mu turere ukiza aho uquateur, Peru na Boliviya ubu bari. Bolivar aba umunyagitugu wa Peru kandi mu 1825 ayoboye Repubulika ya Boliviya yaremwe na we. Imiterere ya politiki ikomeje kuba umwizerwa ku gitekerezo - kugira ngo ireme Amerika yo muri Amerika yepfo, ikaba yari mu karere kava muri Panama muri Chili.
Bolivar yagerageje kumumagana kuri Kongere idasanzwe, ariko ahura no guhangana n'indogoto. Yakiriye ibiranga imiterere yuburyo bwa bonapartist, kandi yitwa Napoleon kumaso ye. Gukora urugendo rwatejwe imbere kurwanya ibikorwa, kubera ibyo yatakaje imbaraga muri Boliviya na Peru.
Mu 1828, Bolivar hamwe n'ingabo zinjira muri Bogota, aho atanga inzu y'umutegetsi wa Columbiya. Muri uwo mwaka, umwe mu bafatanyabikorwa ategura kumwagerageza. Bolivar mu buryo bw'igitangaza yirinda urupfu kandi ikagura ubwigomeke. Guhangana kwa Bolivar kubwimbaraga birakomeje. Intoze ya Caracas isa nkishami rya Venezuwela kuva muri Kolombiya. Umutegetsi atakaza imbaraga n'imbaraga mu gihugu. Mu 1830, yeguye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ku ya 19, Simoni, kuba i Madrid, ahura na Aristocrat Maria Teresa Rodriguez. Ameze nka Bolivar, afite inkomoko ya creole. Nyuma yubukwe, abashakanye bakiri bato bagiye i Venezuwela. Hano, umugore wa Simoni yanduye umuriro wumuhondo arapfa. Ibirori byatunguwe cyane umusore, kandi atanga indahiro.
Impinduka mubuzima bwite zibaho mu 1822, igihe Bolivar yahuye na mugenzi wa kabiri cyubuzima mugihe cyinjiraga mu ngabo za Ecuadorian ya Lacuadori ya Ququado. Mugihe cyo kugenda kwabakopi mumihanda, yuzuye abantu, indabyo za laurel zigwa mumaboko ya Simoni. Ihungabana rihura numukobwa ufite imisatsi yumukara uhagaze kuri bkoni hamwe nabadetero bakira.
Kuri nimugoroba, Simoni na Manuel Saens bahurira kumupira no guhera kuri iyo minota bagerageje kubana. Arimo kandi Creolen imyaka 12. Gusangira ibitekerezo ku kwibohora uturere dukoloni muri Amerika y'Epfo. Maniela yahuye na Simoni, yashakanye na Dr. Umugore yizeraga umugabo we mwiza, ariko ararambirana. Abanyamakora bahita bashimishwa n'umunyapolitiki.
Maniela na Simoni ntibigeze bahinduka umugabo n'umugore ku mugaragu ku mugaragaro. Yarahiye gukomeza kuba indahemuka ku mugore wapfuye, kandi ni umugabo wemewe. Kuri we, Bolivar yishimiye agakiza mugihe cyo kugerageza. Abantu nyuma y'agakiza keza k'umuyobozi wabo batangiye guhamagara wenyine.
Igihe yarekaga umwanya wa perezida, yemeje ko muzamusiga. Yakomeje kumukunda maze yandikira amabaruwa ya Bogota, avuga ibisobanuro birambuye kubyabaye, ku buryo uwahoze ari abayobozi ku rugendo rwe. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa manuel yakundaga kuva kurubuga. Nabayeho mu bukene ngerageza kubaho, kugurisha itabi no kubiryoshye. Amabaruwa yamanda yaturutse muri Simoni, ariko yatwitswe mugihe cyorezo cya dipheria. Saens yapfuye azize indwara imwe ashyinguwe mu mva rusange.
Nta bana bakomoka muri Bolivar.
Urupfu
Simoni yasize imyaka 47. Ibirori bibabaje byabaye ku ya 17 Ukuboza 1830. Impamvu y'urupfu ntirashyirwaho: Dukurikije amakuru rimwe - kuva igituntu, mu zindi - uburozi. Perezida wa Venezuwela Hugo Chavez yagerageje gushyira ahagaragara "na". Icyemezo cyo kunanira umubiri w'impinduramatwara.
Nyuma yo gusesengura ADN, verisiyo zombi ntabwo zakiriye ibyemezo. Hugo Chavez, nubwo ibisubizo, byakomeje gutangaza ko umudendezo wishwe. Kwibuka intwari y'urugendo rwo kwibohora, ahindura izina ry'igihugu na Repubulika ya Bolivarian ya Venezuwela.
Bolivar yazamutse ku mutungo w'undi, hafi y'umujyi wa Santa Marta. Mbere y'urupfu, yanze umutungo kandi akica mu bukene. Yashyinguye mu myenda y'undi.
Nyuma y'urupfu, izina rya Bolivar rikomeje kubaho ubuzima bwe. Mu bintu bishimishije Hariho amakuru yerekeye izina mu rwego rwo kubaha politiki ya Asteroid Boliviya, fungura mu 1911. Imwe mu mpinga ndende yo mu misozi yayo kandi itwara izina rye - Bolivar impinga. Ifaranga rya Venezuwela ni Bolivari, na Porogaramu yerekana amashusho ashushanyijeho atorotse mumadini atandukanye.
Mu murwa mukuru wa Amerika, Washington, hari urwibutso rw'umuringa kuri Simoni Bolivar ya Sculpor Feligile Feligis. Bifatwa nk'irwibutso kinini rw'amene kuri politiki mu burengerazuba.
Ku bikorwa bya firime zimpinduramatwara yakuweho. Umuyobozi wa Alenander "," Simon Bolivar "Alenander Blazetti yo mu 1963 na" Liberator "Alberto Arvel, yarashwe muri 2013.