Ubuzima
Perezida wa 36 LIndon Johnson yahise akoresha igihugu nyuma y'urupfu rubabaje rwa John F. Kennedy. Uyu munyapolitiki yayoboye urugamba rwiza n'ubukene, ubugizi bwa nabi, ivangura rishingiye ku moko n'idini, ahubwo ryatakaje urugamba na Vietnam n'ubuzima bwe.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Lindon Bains Johnson yavutse ku ya 27 Kanama 1908 mu isambu hafi ya Stonuolet, Texas, maze aba mukuru mu bana batanu Samuel Eli Johnson Junior na Rebecca Banes. Nyuma mu muryango, Sam Houston, Rebecca, Yozefu na Lusiya bagaragaye mu muryango. Abakurambere, umuhungu yarazwe icyongereza, imizi y'Abadage na Scottish.
Johnson yari umwana uganira, ku ishuri yitabiriye disikuru rusange, impaka, yakoraga baseball, yacungwa mu masomo yose. Amatsiko adakoranye kandi guhinduka mubitekerezo byemereye Lyndon mu 1923 kugirango ube umunyeshuri muto Umunyeshuri Johnson Umujyi wa Johnson.
Ababyeyi bashimangiye ko Umwana yagiye muri kaminuza mbere. Mu 1926, Perezida w'Ubwongereza wa Amerika yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Texas, maze nyuma yimyaka 2, yajugunye amashuri yo kwigisha abana bo muri Mexico.
Nyuma Johnson yibukaga:
Ati: "Ndibuka ububabare bwo kumenya ko Ishuri Rikuru ryafunzwe ku banyeshuri b'iyi shuri rito rya Mexico: ababyeyi babo bari abakene cyane. Birashoboka, nibwo nahisemo ko ntazatuza mu gihe ubumenyi butazaboneka muri Amerika. "Akazi k'igihe gito cyafashije Lindon kuzigama amafaranga yo kwishyura kaminuza. Cum ifite umusore mu 1930. Ubuhanga bwagejeje mubuhanga bwurubyiruko bwo kuvuga bwaduhaye umwanya wa mwarimu w'impaka na rotoric ku ishuri rya Houston, hanyuma mu rwego rwabahagarariye muri Amerika.
Igikorwa cya politiki
Kongere Richard M. Cleberg mu 1931 yashyizeho Lindon Johnson umunyamabanga we. Umwanya wakuruwe n'umusore ntabwo ari byinshi mu mirimo, mbega ukuntu uzamukambaga cyane: Inshuti z'Abanyamerika zari abafasha ba perezida wa Franklin Roonevel wa Franklin Roonevel wa Franklin Rooner wa Franklin Rooner na Kodens Sam Rainen.
Johnson yasizwe neza mu Rugereko rwabahagarariye muri Amerika mu 1937. Muri politiki y'imbere, yubahirije "amasomo mashya", utari uvugwa na Perezida wa Perezida: Lyndon washyizweho ngo ayobore ibikorwa bya Texas, intego yacyo yandikira Abayahudi b'Abanyaburayi bo mu Budage bw'Ubudage bw'Abanyanazi. Johnson yafashije Abayahudi be amagana kugira ngo bace abakozi banyuze muri Cuba, muri Mexico na Amerika yepfo.
Mu 1948, nyuma y'amatora asebanya, abatavuga rumwe na leta bakekaga Johnson mu buriganya n'amasano, yiruka muri Sena ya Amerika. Umunyapolitiki yamenyekanye cyane ku "bukolace" kuri mugenzi we, Richard Russell na Sam Rairen, inkunga yacyo yafashijwe n'amatora ya perezida.
Mu mwanya we, Johnson, uhangayikishijwe n'iterabwoba ryiganjemo Abasoviyeti bishoboka mu mwanya wo hanze, yagaragaje ko igikorwa cy'igihugu cya Aeronautics na Cosmonatics mu 1958. Ndashimira iyi nyandiko muri Amerika yabyaraga NASA.
Muri iyo myaka, Lindon Johnson yerekanye ko ari umuyobozi w'inararibonye ndetse n'umuyobozi wa psychologue, mu buzima bw'amateka yamubajije nk '"umusirikare mukuru uzi ubwenge, wahoze azi ko washington." Umunyapolitiki yari azi imbaraga n'intege nke z'abafatanyabikorwa babo n'abatavuga rumwe n'ubutumwa bwabo na skeleti mu kabati, inzira yo gutsinda amajwi yabo.
Muri Nyakanga 1955, Johnson, kunywa itabi 60 kumunsi, barokotse indwara y'umutima, ariko mu mpera z'umwaka ariko byatangaje ko umugambi we wo kwiruka mu ishyaka rya demokarasi. Politiki nziza y'amarushanwa ya hamwe na John F. Kennedy. Ubushobozi bwibitekerezo ninyungu karemano byagaragaje umusore urwanya inyuma yinyuma, Lyndon.
Abanyamerika bahisemo Kennedy. Muri Mutarama 1961, icyarimwe no gutangiza Perezida, Johnson yashyizweho na Depite. Byafashwe ko Kennedy yatanze igitekerezo Lindon Post kuva mubupfura no kunanirwa kunanirwa. Kugeza kumunsi wanyuma, amategeko yabagabo ya Kennedy ntabwo yagiye.
Johnson, amenyereye gukora ku wambara no gukemura imirimo myinshi icyarimwe, yashakaga kwagura amagambo yerekeye Visi Perezida. Kennedy yamutegetse ibibazo byumutekano, kwimuka, uburezi nubumenyi, byumwihariko - Aeronautics. Mu 1961, USSR yabanje kohereza umuntu mu kirere orbit, maze Perezida asaba umushinga wa Johnson, wemerera Amerika gufata.
Ku ya 22 Ugushyingo 1963, amasaha 2 nyuma yiminota 8 nyuma yiyicwa rya John Kennedy, kuri numero ya mbere "Lyndon Johnson babonaga ko umupfakazi Jacqueline Kennedy yafashe indahiro nka Perezida wa Amerika. Bibiliya ntiyahinduye ukuboko, kandi mu budahemuka kuri politiki ya Leta yarahiye muri Missal y'Abaroma. Amafoto yo mu birori afatwa nk'ishusho izwi cyane yigeze gukorwa mu ndege ya perezida.
Mu kwibuka uwabanjirije Johnson yahaye izina rya John Kennedy mu kigo cy'ikirere kuri Cape, kandi nanone komisiyo wa Warren yo gukora iperereza ku iyicwa rya Perezida. Inama ya Johnson yagiye mu gihe cy'ubukungu cyateye imbere, afite ubushomeri buke. Amerika muri kiriya gihe ntiyinjiye mu makimbirane akomeye na leta, kandi kwitabwaho na Perezida mushya wibanze kuri politiki yo mu rugo, na nyuma ya 1966 - mu ntambara yo muri Vietnam.
Mu mwaka wa mbere, Lindon yinjiye mu ntambara n'ubukene, ubugizi bwa nabi, urwikekwe rw'amoko n'ushingiye ku idini. Ibitekerezo bye byagaragaye muri gahunda ya "Sosiyete Nkuru". Impinduka muri politiki yubukungu zakurikiwe, tubikesha amafaranga yinjiza Abanyamerika gusa mu 1966 yiyongereyeho 15%.
Mu 1965, Abanyamerika b'Abanyafurika bakiriye uburenganzira bwo gutora mu matora, kandi ubwicanyi bw'umurwanyi ku burenganzira bwa blay Villal Deliuzio yateje gutoteza abagize Umuryango wa Ku-klux. Johnson yabahamagaye "Umuryango w'akarere ka Hoods", ugomba gusubira mu muryango w'imiryango, ntaratinda. " Yabaye perezida wa mbere kuva inkunga Uliva, wafashwe acirwa ku banyamuryango ba Ku-Klux. Hamwe na Joneson, Abanyamerika babanje gutangira kwigarurira imyanya ya leta.
Kubera inama ya Lindon, umubare w'Abanyamerika ubaho urenze umurongo w'ubukene wagabanutse kuva kuri 23% kugeza 12%, abana barezwe mu miryango nk'iyi, kubera uburezi bwize ku buntu.
Urukurikirane rw'ubwicanyi bukomeye - John Kennedy na murumuna we Robert, Martin Luther King - byabaye impamvu yo gusinya mu 1968 binyuze mu kuyobora. Inyandiko yaguye urutonde rwabantu babujijwe kugira intwaro itangiriye "uruhushya rwabakoranye", rwemeye "intwaro" kugirango babone imisoro.
Kunanirwa kwabarwa muri Vietnam muri Vietnam, impamvu zasobanuwe muburyo burambuye muri film "inzira igana intambara" (2002), yagabanije ubutware bwa Johnson. Mu matora y'ibanze yo mu 1968, yatsinze 49%, kandi ahangana na senateri ya Senateri Eugene McCCArth ni 42%. Ni muri urwo rwego, Lindon yahisemo kutaza mu baperezida manda ya kabiri. Uzamusimbura yari ikigo cya Repubulika Nixon.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ku ya 17 Ugushyingo 1934, umugore wa Lindon Johnson yabaye Claudia Alta Taylor, azwi ku izina ry'umukecuru (Ladybird Eng. "Ladybug"). Amazina, mu bwana umukobwa yahaye Nanny, mubyukuri yabaye izina rye: Lyndon yitwa Claudia Berd, izina rimwe ryanditswe mu cyemezo cyubukwe.
Icyifuzo cyo kurongora Johnson yavuze ku itariki ya mbere. Lady Bird ntiyashakaga kwihuta nubukwe, ariko nyuma yibyumweru 10 byavuzwe yego. Ibirori byabereye mu torero rya Episkopi rya St. Mark muri San Antonio, Texas. Claudia yarokotse amakosa atatu mbere yumunsi wa Linda Berd (1944) na Lucy Bane (1947) bagaragaye. Ukuri gushimishije: Abashakanye nabana bafite intangiriro imwe LBJ.
Umukecuru Berd niwe mugore wenyine wemewe n'amategeko Johnson, ariko mubuzima bwe bwite politiki ntiyigeze itwara urukundo rwurukundo. Kugeza mu 1967, yari afite ubushyuhe hamwe na Alice w'ikirahure - Ikinyamakuru Ikikundwa Magnate Charles Marsha, mu 1948 yahuye n'umusore coquette Madelein Brown. Byumvikane ko umwana we wa kabiri, Stephen Brand Brown, umugore yabyaye i Lundon. "Mwana" yagerageje kwerekana uruhare mu bagize umuryango wa perezida, ariko mu 1989 yatakaje urukiko.
Urupfu
Mu ibanga, ubushakashatsi bwa Actuarial bwahanuye ko urupfu rwasanga Johnson afite imyaka 64: Umunyapolitiki yanywaga inzoga nyinshi, arwaye ibiro birenze, mu 1970 yapimaga 107 kg) n'ibibazo by'umutima. Ku ya 20 Mutarama 1973, Lindin yarokotse umutima wa gatatu, kubera ibyo yatangajwe ko yapfuye. Yari afite imyaka 64.
Umuhango wo gushyingura Johnson wabereye mu itorero rya gikirisitu ry'igihugu cya Gikristo i Washington, uyobowe na Perezida Richard Nixon. Umubiri ushingiye ku mujyi wakozwe n'umunyapolitiki - Stonuolet, mu irimbi ry'umuryango wigenga.
Ibihembo
- Umudari "Kubukangurambaga bw'Abanyamerika"
- Inyenyeri
- Umudari "kuri Aziya-Pasifika"
- Umudatsi utsinze mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose
- Umudari wa Perezida