Albert Cami - Ifoto, ubuzima, ubuzima bwite, butera urupfu, ibitabo

Ubuzima

Umwanditsi w'Ubufaransa, ESURA na Playwright Albert Camo yari uhagarariye ubuvanganzo mu gisekuru cye. Kwihangana nibibazo bya filozofiya yubusobanuro bwubuzima no gushakisha indangagaciro nyayo zatanzwe numwanditsi imiterere yimiterere mubasomyi kandi bazana igihembo cyitiriwe ubwato mubuvanganzo mumyaka 44.

Mu bwana n'urubyiruko

Albert Cami yavutse ku ya 7 Ugushyingo 1913 muri Mondovy, muri Alijeriya, icyo gihe cyari igice cy'Ubufaransa. Se-Abafaransa yiciwe mu ntambara ya mbere y'isi yose, igihe Alberta yashohoje umwaka umwe. Nyina w'umuhungu, icyesipanyoli ku nkomoko, yashoboye gutanga amafaranga make n'amazu make mu gace gakennye ka Alijeriya urakoze ku murimo utujuje ibyangombwa.

Ubwana bwa Albert bwari buke kandi bwizuba. Ubuzima muri Alijeriya bwatumye Cami yumva akungahaye kubera ubushyuhe. Mu guciraho urubanza ku itangazo rya Camusi, "yabayeho mu bukene, ariko nanone yishimye cyane." Umurage we wo muri Espagje wamuhaye kumva ko niyubaha mu bukene n'ishyaka ryo kubahwa. Cami yatangiye kwandika akiri muto.

Muri kaminuza ya Alijeriya, yarize filozofiya ya filozofiya - agaciro n'ubusobanuro by'ubuzima, gushimangira kugereranya ubuyomu n'ubukristo. Mugihe ari umunyeshuri, umusore yahaye ikinamico, icyarimwe yayoboye kandi akina mubikorwa. Ku ya 17, Alberta urwaye hamwe n'igituntu, ntiyigeze yemerera kwishora muri siporo, ibikorwa bya gisirikare n'ibibazo. Cami yakoraga mu myanya itandukanye mbere yo kuba umunyamakuru mu 1938.

Imirimo ye ya mbere yatangajwe "ninzara" mu 1937 hamwe n '"ibirori byo gushyingirwa" mu 1939 - icyegeranyo cy'ibyanditswe byera ku busobanuro n'ibyishimo byerekeranye n'ubuzima n'ibyishimo. Ibaruwa ya Albert Capus yanditseho icyuho hamwe na bourgeois gakondo ya Bourgeois. Isesengura rito ryimitekerereze kuruta ibibazo bya filozofiya.

Camus yateje imbere igitekerezo cyo kudatumvikana, cyatanze ingingo nyinshi mubikorwa bye byambere. Ubuswa ni ikuzimu hagati yicyifuzo cyumuntu wishimira kandi isi, ashobora kumva neza, nisi nyayo, iteye ubwoba kandi idahwitse. Icyiciro cya kabiri cyibitekerezo bya Cami byavutse kuva icya mbere: Umuntu ntagomba gufata isanzuro ridasubirwaho gusa, ahubwo yananye "kumwigometse". Iyi myigaragambyo ntabwo ari politiki, ariko mwizina ryindangagaciro gakondo.

Ibitabo

"Strying" ya mbere, yasohotse mu 1942, yahariwe umuntu mubi. Igitabo kivuga ku mwanditsi ukiri muto witwa Merso, akaba ari umwanditsi n'ingenzi. Merso Umunyamahanga kubantu bose bari biteze amarangamutima ya muntu, "Umusazi" mubuzima. Ikibazo cyo mu gitabo cyerekana ku mucanga mugihe intwari yagize uruhare mubitongatori ntabwo ari amakosa yayo, irara.

Igice cya kabiri cy'igitabo cyeguriwe urukiko rwe rwo kwica n'igihano ku gihano cy'urupfu, yumva kimwe n'ibyo yishe Aragaba. Merso ni inyangamugayo rwose mugusobanura ibyiyumvo bye, kandi ubunyangamugayo ni bwo butuma "umuntu utazi" mwisi kandi yemeza ko ukwemera. Ibihe rusange bigereranya imiterere yubuzima, kandi iyi ngaruka yongerewe imbaraga nuburyo butagira akagero nigitabo.

Cami yasubiye muri Alijeriya mu 1941 arangije igitabo cye gikurikiraho "Ikinyoma kivuga kuri Sisyiff", na we cyasohotse mu 1942. Iyi ni inyandiko ya filozofiya kubyerekeye imiterere yubuzima budafite intego. Imiterere yumugani Sisif, ikatiwe iteka ryose, izamura ibuye riremereye kumusozi gusa kugirango yongere azungu. Sisifa ahinduka ikimenyetso cy'abantu kandi mu bikorwa bihoraho agera ku ntsinzi runaka.

Mu 1942, yasubiye mu Bufaransa, Cami yinjiye muri iyi tsinda "kurwanya" maze yishora mu butaka bw'ubutaka kandi yishora mu butaka bw'ubutaka kugira ngo "yibohoye" mu 1944, igihe yabaye umwarimu w'ikinyamakuru "Kurwana" imyaka 3. Nanone muri iki gihe, ikipe ye ya mbere yashyizwe: "Kutumva nabi" mu 1944 na "Caligula" mu 1945

Uruhare nyamukuru mugikinisho cya mbere cyakinnye numukinnyi wa filime Maria Kazares. Gukorana na Cami bimukiye mumibanire yimbitse muburebure mumyaka 3. Mariya yagumye mu mibanire ya Albert kugeza apfuye. Insanganyamatsiko nyamukuru yikikinisho ni ubuhe busobanuro butagira icyo bufite ishingiro n'iherezo ry'urupfu. Hari mu kinamico ya nyampinga watsinze cyane.

Mu 1947, Albert yasohoye igitabo cye cya kabiri "icyorezo". Iki gihe, Cami yibanze ku ruhande rwiza rw'umuntu. Yasobanuye igitero cy'impimbano cyabereye mu mujyi wa Buconic mu mujyi wa Oran wo muri Alijeriya, yongeye gutekereza ku ngingo yo kwivamye, igaragazwa n'imibabaro idafite ubwenge kandi idakwiye yatewe n'icyorezo.

Abavuga, Dr. Rie, yasobanuye icyifuzo cye cy '"kuba inyangamugayo" - uyu ni umuntu wazigamye imbaraga z'imiterere kandi akagerageza, kabone niyo yaba atatsinzwe, arwanya icyorezo cy'indwara.

Ku rwego rumwe, igitabo kirashobora gufatwa nkigitekerezo cyibihimbano cyumugabane w'Ubufaransa mu Bufaransa. "Icyorezo" cyakiriye icyamamare cy'abasomyi nk'ikimenyetso cyo kurwanya ikibi n'imibabaro - ibibazo nyamukuru by'intuma by'ubumuntu.

Igitabo gikurikira cya Cam cyahindutse "umuntu wigometse." Icyegeranyo kirimo imirimo 3 y'ingenzi ya filozofiya y'umwanditsi, itaragoye kumva igitekerezo cyayo cyo kubaho kugeza imperuka. Mu kazi, abazwa ibibazo: Ubwisanzure n'ukuri, bigizwe n'umuntu ku buntu. Ubuzima muri Camus ni imvururu. Kandi birakwiye kuvuza imyigaragambyo kugirango ubeho mubyukuri.

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Ku ya 16 Kamena 1934, Cami yashakanye na Simone hee, wari umaze kuba inshuti y'umwanditsi Max-SUCHEE. Ariko, ubuzima bwishimye bwabashakanye bwamaze igihe gito - abashakanye batanze kugeza muri Kamena 1936, kandi gutandukana kurangiye muri Nzeri 1940.

Ukuboza 1940, yashakanye na Francine Francis, umwarimu wa Piyani na Mabaremvugo, bahuye mu 1937. Nubwo Alber yakunze umugore we, ntabwo yizeraga mu ishyingiranwa. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, abo bombi bari bafite impanga Catherine na Jean, wavutse ku ya 5 Nzeri 1945.

Urupfu

Mu 1957, igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel mubuvanganzo kubikorwa bye byakiriwe nigihembo cyitiriwe Nobel. Muri uwo mwaka, Albert yatangiye gukora ku gishya cya kane cy'ingenzi, kandi nazo kigiye kuba umuyobozi w'ikinamico manini ya Paris.

Ku ya 4 Mutarama 1960, yapfiriye mu mpanuka y'imodoka mu mujyi muto wa Vilblevin. Umwanditsi yari afite imyaka 46. Nubwo benshi basabye ko icyateye urupfu rw'umwanditsi ari iyo mpanuka yateguwe n'inama, nta kimenyetso kibi. Camus yarokotse umugore we n'abana.

Babiri mu mirimo ye yasohotse nyuma y'urupfu: "Urupfu Rwishimiye", rwabaye mu mpera za 1930, kandi zitangazwa mu 1971, kandi "umuntu wa mbere" (1994) wandikiye Cami mu gihe cy'urupfu rwe. Urubanza rw'umwanditsi rwabaye igihombo giteye agahinda kubitabo, kubera ko yagombaga kwandika imirimo mumyaka ikuze cyane kandi yumvikana kandi yagura ubuzima bwe bwo guhanga.

Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Albert Cami, benshi mu bayobozi benshi ku isi bafashe imirimo y'Abafaransa kubasimbura. Hariho firime 6 zishingiye ku bitabo bya filozofiya, na biografiya imwe yubuhanzi aho amagambo yumwimerere yumwanditsi atangwa kandi amafoto nyayo arerekanwa.

Amagambo

"Kuri buri gisekuru, bigamije kwibwira ko usubiramo isi" "Sinshaka kuba umuhanga, mfite ibibazo bihagije nahuye nabyo, ngerageza kuba umugabo" "kumenya icyo tuzashaka pfa, guhindura ubuzima bwacu murwenya "" Urugendo uko siyansi ikomeye kandi ikomeye idufasha kongera kwisanga

Bibliografiya

• 1937 - "Guhana no mu maso"
• 1942 - "Strying"
• 1942 - "Ikinyoma kuri Sisyiff"
• 1947 - "Icyorezo"
• 1951 - "PE MAE"
• 1956 - "Kugwa"
• 1957 - "Kwakira Abashyitsi"
• 1971 - "Urupfu Rwishimo"
• 1978 - "Diary Urugendo"
• 1994 - "Umuntu wa mbere"