Ubuzima
Claude Debussy yari umwe mu bahimbye cyane b'Abafaransa bo mu mpera za 19 - mu kinyejana cya 20. Umwe mu bagize umuryango wa "Art Rogoev", utari we atazi imigenzo ya kera, yabaye umwanditsi w'imico myinshi ashinzwe guhanga udushya kandi yamenyekanye n'uhagarariye umutware w'ishami ry'Umuziki.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ashil Claude Debussy avuka mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Paris ku ya 22 Kanama 1862 kandi yari imfura ya bana 5 Manuel-Akilla Drewesy n'umugore we Manuri. Kugeza mu 1870, umuryango w'uwahimbye ejo hazaza wabaga mu murwa mukuru w'Abafaransa, hanyuma wimukira i Canukene, mu nzu ya bene wabo ku murongo w'ababyeyi. Ngaho, Claude Ntoya yatangiye gutoza umukino kuri piyano iyobowe numucuranzi wubutaliyani Jean Cherutti.
Quessey yaje kuba umunyeshuri ufite impano kandi akiri muto yinjiye muri PASrwetori ya Paris, aho yari yize tekinike yo gucuranga ibikoresho bya clavier, Solfeggio ibikoresho bya clavier, Solfeggio, ibigize, inkuru n'umuziki. Mu 1874, Claude yakiriye Premium yo kurangiza igitaramo cya Chopin maze yinjiza nk piyano nziza.
Mu minsi mikuru y'impeshyi, 1879 Debussy yashimishije abashyitsi b'ikigo cya Schoonso kandi akaba yarabiziritseho vuba. Umwaka umwe, ushakisha ubuzima bwiza, umusore yabonye umucuranzi n'umwarimu ku biro by'abahugu bya Passe Peter Ilyeich THANIIKOVSKY, yizeye ko Von Mecc, maze imyaka 2 yagiye mu Busuwisi, mu Burusiya. Mu 1882, Claude yahimbye miniature "ballade à la lune", "Madrid, Umuganwakazi Des Espagnes" na Piyano Majoro Majoro Umunyu ".
Imitwe ya Gerissisi yateye inshuro nyinshi uburakari, ibangamira amajwi ya kera y'ibihimbano. Nubwo byari bimeze bityo ariko, mu 1884, yakiriye igihembo gikomeye "igihembo cy'Abaroma" kuri Canatant "l'Efugue" akomeza kwiga mu Butaliyani. Umuziki waho ntabwo washishikarije Claude, wahisemo kugena ibitekerezo bye byo guhanga, atagabanuka kwa bagenzi bawe bazwi.
Niyo mpamvu imirimo yo mu gihe cy'ubutaliyani y'ubuzima bwakozwe na gahunda, yagaragaye muri konserwatori, abarimu basanze bintarre, ibikoresho kandi ntibivuguruzanya. Kugaruka i Paris, claude yatakaje muri make "umudendezo wa muzika", akubita ingaruka za melodies yumvikana ya Richard Wagner, ariko bidatinze, ariko bidatinze, ariko bidatinze menya ko guhangayikishwa n'Ubudage bizwi nta kazoza katagira ejo hazaza.
Umuziki
Ibikorwa hakiri kare byateguwe inshuro nyinshi kumugaragaro, ariko ntibyamuteye gutsinda cyane no gukundwa. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, abahuje bagenzi be bamenye impano yumwanditsi ukiri muto kandi mu 1893 bamenyereye muri komite yumuryango wumuziki, aho claude yamenyesheje gusa ko "umugozi wa kimwe cyagenwe", nyuma yumuziki wa Maurice.
Muri uwo mwaka, ibyabaye byari bifite agaciro gakomeye kuri biography yo guhanga ya hutsussy. Uwahimbye yasuye Premiere yo gukina kuri Maurice Meterlinka "Pelleas na Melizanda" maze ahitamo ko igenamiterere rigomba kuvurwa mu njyana ya OPRA. Bidatinze, Debissi yahawe uruhushya rw'Umwanditsi w'Ububiligi mu guhuza umuziki w'akazi kandi, nta gutakaza igihe, atangira gukora.
Igishushanyo kinini cya Operaser ya Operaser yarangiye mu Kuboza 1894. Muri icyo gihe, Symphony Poem POEm Preelude Debissey "Imyidagaduro ya nyuma ya nyuma ya PINNA" yashyikirijwe muri sosiyete y'umuziki y'igihugu ", yamenyekana kumenyekana kumugaragaro.
Mu 1900, Claude yatangiye gusura inama z'umuryango usanzwe "Les Apashe", harimo n'abahanzi bakiri bato, abasizi, abasizi, abahanzi bameze ba status "konti z'ubuhanzi". Benshi muri uyu muryango bitabiriwe na premiere ya orchestre "Nokturnov" Quessis yitwa "Ibicu", "Umunsi mukuru" na "Siren". Isubiramo ry'iki gikorwa ntiryari ridasobanutse: Bamwe bashimangiye ko uwahimbye intambwe nini cyane, abandi bashimye imbaraga, igikundiro, ubuvanganzo budasanzwe ndetse n'imyitwarire myiza y'umwanditsi.
Kuva mu 1898, Claude yakoraga ku itegeko rya Opera ya mbere kandi ayobora imishyikirano hamwe n'ubuyobozi bw'ikinamico ya Paris imbere yubutumwa bwa Andre na Albert Carre. Kubera iyo mpamvu, muri Mata 1902, "Opéra-comique" yafashe premiere ya "Pelleya na Melisandda", yagabanije rubanda abafana n'abashidikanya.
Nubwo igitekerezo cyo ku mirimo mishya ya tapisy kidasobanutse, Opera yahise akundwa kandi akagira umwanditsi na Cavalier yo ku itegeko ry'icyubahiro, rizwi mu Bufaransa n'ibindi bihugu by'Uburayi. Amajwi yatangajwe muri Gicurasi 1902, kandi hasohoka burundu ibyanditswe byasohotse mu 1904.
Mu 1905, i Paris, Debussi yerekanye bwa mbere akazi ka Sympmonic "inyanja", yongeye kwanga impaka, ishyushya inyungu zo guhanga abahimbye. Mu mpera za 1900, ibihangano byakomeretse byagaragaye muri Gahunda y'ibitaramo mu gihugu cyabo no mu mahanga. Suite "inguni y'abana" n'ibice bye "kubyina urubura" n "" umwungeri muto "yakoresheje cyane cyane.
Kumenya abaturage basunitswe ku kazi. Mu 1910-1913, uwahimbye yashyizeho ikinamico kizwi cyane kuri Piyano, ahantu hihariye muri bo wajyanywe na "ubanza", ugizwe n'ikaye 2 kandi zirimo ibintu nk'ibi nk '"umukobwa ufite ibara ry'umuriro" na "Terase y'amatariki mu itara ry'ukwezi. "
Mu 1914, Claude yatangiye gukora ku rugereko rwa 6 sonatas ku bikoresho bitandukanye, ariko indwara yica yabujijwe baramusobanurira rwose. Igihangano cya nyuma Debussi cyari umurimo wa clonlin na piyano, wanditse mu 1917.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu myaka yo kwiga muri konserwatori ya Gerissisi, ibyiyumvo bikomeye byurukundo byageragejwe. Ishyaka rye ryari umunyeshuri w'ikigo cyo kuririmba witwa Marie, washakanye n'uwahoze ari umutagatifu w'abacuranzi bato Henri Vasnya. Bidatinze, umukobwa aba nyirabuja kandi uwahimbye Muse, iyo mibanire yakomeje imyaka 7.
Mu 1890, Marie yangirije imibanire hamwe na bushims asubira mu bashakanye. Kuva mu rukundo rw'uwahimbye, indirimbo 27 zasigaye zeguriwe umuhanzi mwiza, iheruka muri zo zigize amagambo ya Mandolin.
Nyuma gato yo gutandukana na Madame Vänaja Claude yahuye numukobwa wumudozi ukomoka muri Liziee, yitwaga Gabriel Dupont. Nyuma yimyaka 3 nyuma yo gutangira umubano wa Claude na Gabi, ubuzima buhuriweho i Paris bwatangiye. Muri icyo gihe, Debussi yatangije igitabo hamwe n'umuririmbyi Teresa Roger no mu 1894 cyatanze ku mugaragaro ukuboko n'umutima. Inshuti n'abamenyereye kwamaganwa kumyitwarire idahwitse yahimbye kandi yagize uruhare mu guhagarika iki gikorwa.
Nyuma yimyaka 5, Claude, amaherezo, yashakanye ninshuti ye Marie-Rosalie. Texelie ku izina rya lilly. Igishimishije ni uko kwemera k'umugeni byabaye ku iterabwoba ryo kwiyahura. Uwo musore yari afite urukundo, ifatika kandi ifatika, yakunze rwose abantu bakikikije.
Ariko, lilly ntiyamurikiyenye nubwenge kandi ntiyumva rwose umuziki, bityo akaba injeniyeri, inyota yumubano wa sublime, yoherezaga uwo bashakanye, atangira igitabo hamwe numuririmbyi wa Emma berdak. Umugore wemewe wa Uwahimbye yamenye ubuhemu agerageza kwiyahura. Iki gikorwa cyatumye urubanza rubanda rwabuze Debussi gushyigikira no kubaha abo mukorana n'inshuti.
Mu 1905, umukunzi wa Cleude wasize umugabo we, kandi abashakanye baguye mu gitekerezo cya rubanda i Londres. Iyo ibiganiro byagabanutse, abakunzi basubiye mu Bufaransa bagura inzu i Paris kuri Fors Fesh, aho umukobwa wa Uwahimbye wavutse, wakiriye izina rya Emma n'umugore witonda shushu. Imyaka 3 nyuma yo kuza umwana, Bardak na Lebusy barashatse kandi bamarana ibisigaye byubuzima.
Biracyataramenyekana niba duhuze umuntu mubyukuri. Yatewe n'umuziki, ntiyatekereje ku buzima bwe bwite. Birashobora gutekereza ko uwahimbye yahuye numukobwa we, wabaye ikintu cyamafoto menshi aboneka mububiko bwumufaransa uzwi.
Urupfu
Mu 1908, Debussis yasuzumwe - kanseri y'amaraso, nyuma y'ibyabaye urupfu rw'uwahimbye, wamaze imyaka 10 mu kurwanya ububabare bukabije. Mu 1915, abaganga bakoreraga kuri Claude, ariko ibisubizo byateye imbere by'agateganyo.
Igihe indwara yasubikwaga, Umufaransa uzwi cyane yakomeje guhimba umuziki kandi agakora ibitaramo, kuko ubushize yabibonye muri sosiyete kuri Sonata ya Kalelin na Piyano 1917.
Mu ntangiriro ya 1918, Claude yari umunyururu ku buriri kandi yabayeho gusa kubera impungenge z'umugore wa Emma n'umukobwa wa Shushu. Kuvura ntibigifashijwe, no ku ya 25 Werurwe 1918, Debussy yapfiriye i Paris, mu nzu ye kuri Fesh Fesh.
Ibyabaye mu ntambara ya mbere y'isi yose byabujijwe gutegura umuhango wo gushyingura bikomeye. Umubiri wahimbwe watwaye mumihanda miremire kandi washyinguwe by'agateganyo mu irimbi rya Lashezi. Aha hantu havuguruye ubushake bwa nyuma bwa nyakwigendera, bwifuzaga "kwihutira" kwihutira kumwaka isanduku ya Ruffini yimuriwe mu matora atuje ku nkombe nziza ya Seine, hafi y'ishyamba rya Bougne.
Imirimo ya muzika
- 1882 - Suite "Triumph Vakha"
- 1882 - Nocturne na Scharzo kuri Violon na Piyano
- 1887 - Suite "Isoko"
- 1891 - ITANGAZO "Ikiruhuko cya FINNA"
- 1893-1895 - Opera Plleas na Melizanda
- 1994 - "Amashusho"
- 1906-1908 - Suite "ABANA '
- 1910 - ITANGAZO (Ikaye 1)
- 1911-1913 - ITANGAZO (Ikaye 2)
- 1914 - "LETALLAY"
- 1916-1917 - SONA kuri Violon na Piyano