Ubuzima
Ishusho nziza kandi nziza muri gallery ya decabriste - Maria Nikolaevna Voltonskaya. Kimwe n'umwamikazi Trubetkaya, yagaragaye urugero rw'ubwitange butagira umupaka no kumva ko afite inshingano, bavuye muri Siberiya kugira ngo babe umugabo werekeza ku mugabo wa Ukuboza 1825. Yasize ikimenyetso mu mateka no mu bitabo, aba umwanditsi w '"Inyandiko za Maria Vollenkaya", yahumekeye umusizi Nikolai Nekrasov kugira ngo akore igice cya kabiri cy'abasiwemo "abagore b'Abarusiya".Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umuganwakazi Maria Nikolaevna Voltonskaya (Nee Raevskaya (Nee Raevskaya) yavutse, kuko yavutse, ku ya 22 Nyakanga 1804 mu mujyi wa Kamenaryky Intara ya Kiev. Ariko hariho andi makuru ku munsi yavutse - 6 Mutarama 1806.
Ubuzima bwumuganwakazi burangwa nabakire kandi b'icyubahiro. Padiri Nikolai NikoLavich Raevsky - Gusangira Uburusiya, Jenerali, Intwari y'intambara 1812. Umubyeyi wa Sofiya Alekseevna wa Kanstantinova - umwuzukuru w'ikigereranyo kinini cy'Uburusiya Mikhail Lomontov. Umugabo n'umugore bavutse abana 7 - abahungu 2 n'abakobwa 5. Benshi muribo babonye urumuri mu bukangurambaga butagira iherezo bw'umutware w'umuryango, aho yari aherekejwe n'uwo mwashakanye wizerwa.
Kuva mu ruhande rwa Data, abana barazwe inkomoko y'igipolonye (Raevy - Irushanwa ryabashya - Isiganwa rya Kera, babaye nyina b'Abarusiya bo mu kinyejana cya xV), no mu nyina wa nyina - uruganda rw'Abagereki (sogokuru Catherine II , yari Ikigereki mu bwenegihugu).
Amaraso y'Ikigereki yagaragaye cyane ku isura ya Mariya, umukobwa w'inyuma w'umukobwa wa Raevysky. Umukara n'ubwatsi wijimye, ufite uruhu rwijimye, yari Data ukunda. Kamere yamuhaye ijwi ryiza, kandi Jenerali harashobora kwandika umwarimu ava mu Butaliyani kugira ngo akigarurire umukobwa we. Masha yabonye amashuri yo mu rugo, yari afite kandi n'Icyongereza, icyongereza, asenga, yashishikajwe n'amateka n'ubuvanganzo.
Ikirere mu nzu ya Raevsky, nubwo imiterere ya sekuruza igihanganye, yari ishyushye cyane kandi yinshuti. Bashiki bacu barebye abavandimwe na se. Nimugoroba nyuma yo kurya, bari musiitis mucyumba. Agaruka mu mipira y'isa n'ijwi risa n'ivunzu, ufunze mu itambutsa, wanditse mu magambo y'abakobwa igihe itara.
Mu ciro ya Nikolai Nikolayevich Raevsky buri gihe yohereje umuryango wose muri Crimé na Caucase. Byabaye ko baherekejwe na Alexander Sergeevich Fuskin, babaye inshuti na Nikolai Nikolayevich mugihe cyamajyepfo. Mu myaka 16, Maria Nikolaevna yarashimishije, kandi amakuru ajyanye n'ubwiza bwe bwakwirakwiriye muri St. Petersburg.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Bwa mbere, umutima wubwiza uhindagurika igihe yafataga ibintu byiza byumusizi ukiri muto murukundo. Kugenda na Raevski muri Caucase mu 1820, futikin yashimishijwe numukobwa wimyaka 15 kandi ntiyahishe ibyiyumvo bye byurukundo. Bifatwa ko Mariya Raevkaya yeguriwe ibisigo bye by'amagambo yanditse mu majyepfo (muri bo - nyuma ", mutarindimbe," "ku misozi ya Jeworujiya). Ariko, iyi verisiyo yamaganye abandi bashakashatsi bahanga hamwe nubuzima bwumusizi.
Ibyo ari byo byose, ishusho y'umuganwakazi Volkonsky ntizongera gukanguka nkibisigo byumusizi byumusizi. Azakurikira iherezo rye, ashimangira igikorwa cye cy'umugore we wurushuro, azakoresha imirongo mishya kumukobwa ukiri muto.
"Nkumusizi, yabonaga ko afite inshingano zo gukunda abagore beza n'abakobwa bato bose, uwo yahuye. Muri rusange, yasengaga muse yase gusa, "abashaka bazandika nyuma mu bitekerezo bye.Undi Zadychal Maria Nikolaevna abara Gustav Oozar, umusizi wa Polonye, umuvumbuzi, icyo gihe wari umuyobozi w'abanyacyubahiro mu Ntara ya Kiev. Yaromerwa n'ibinezeza by'abatware bato, igishushanyo cyabaye umushyitsi kenshi mu nzu ya Kiev Raevsky kandi mu 1823 yatangije umukobwa. Ariko, yakiriye se kwangaga. Olizar yaboneye cyane mu buzima bwe bwite, kandi ishusho ya yakundaga gukaraba igihe kirekire mu kazi ke.
Nyuma yumwaka, Padiri Yongeyeho yahawe icyifuzo cyo gushyingirwa. Iki gihe, igikomangoma Sergey Grigorievich Voltonsky, uhagarariye izina ryanyuma nubwoko bwa kera. Kera yasuye inzu ya Raevy nuburyo abarwayi bateze amatwi kuririmba ryiza rya Mariya, bamuhimbira umukara.
Yari mukuru masha imyaka 20 kandi mu nsi ya 37 yamaze gutangwa mu ntera ya Major Majoro, intwari yigaragaje mu ntambara y'intambara yo mu 1812. Iki gihe icyifuzo cyakozwe, maze ku ya 11 Mutarama 1825, ubukwe bwacunzwe i Kiev. Bikekwa ko Maria Raevsky yashakanye n'icyifuzo cye, ahubwo yizeraga ko se, mugihe cya Se, mugihe cyibintu bifatika byashakaga ibihe byiza kumukobwa we ukunda.
Ubuki bwabereye i Gurzuf, noneho urukurikirane rutagira iherezo rwo gutandukana rwatangiye: vokonsky itangiye inyigisho, Maria, yamaze gutwita, yagiye kuri Odesa guhumeka umwuka wo mu kirere. Ukuboza 1825, Voltonsky yahaye umutungo wabo muri Umani, yajyanye n'umugore we ayijyana kwa se i Kiev, ahita agenda.
Icyifuzo cy'abashumba cyabaye ku ya 14 Ukuboza 1825 kuri Sena Square ya St. Petersburg, Maria ntacyo yari azi. Ntabwo yihanganiye inda ye. Ku ya 2 Mutarama 1826, umuhungu wa Nicholas yibarutse kandi amara mu gitanda mu bitaro igihe kirekire.
Yamenye ifatwa ry'umugabo we wegereye isoko ahita ryohereza ibaruwa yandikiwe igihome cya peteroli agamije kugabana iherezo rye, nubwo gereza ibangamiye. Volkonsky yashubije
"Nta no kwifuza kwizera ko bizagabanuka."Katorga muri Siberiya
Igihano cy'ubucama cyakozwe ku ya 12 Nyakanga 1826, nk'uko abivuga, igikomangoma cya Voltonsky cyahamwe n'icyaha cy'imyaka 20 cortics. Maria amaze kubimenya, Maria yavuze igice afite ubutabazi. N'ubundi kandi, ayo mezi yose yagombaga kwihanganira umuryango we wo kwica urubozo hamwe n'umuryango we - Data, nyina na musaza wa Alegizandere, bifuzaga cyane gutwika umugore mu ishyingiranwa riteye isoni, shimangira gutandukana.
Abenegihugu bahisha amakuru y'umuganwakazi, inzandiko zifata, kubuza umugabo we na bene wabo. Ariko Maria, yakomeje kurokoka inzitizi zose zabayeho, zandikira Segaba bose, zandikira Segaba muri Nikolai, icyifuzo cyo gukurikiza Sergey no kwakira igisubizo cyiza. Kureka Kohl w'imyaka umwe mu kwita ku mategeko, Maria Voltonskaya yagiye muri Siberiya. Data wihebye yasezeranije kuvuma umukobwa we yakundaga, niba atazagaruka nyuma yumwaka.
Umugore yaje mubyanjye gushimira, aho abashuka bakoraga, ku ya 11 Gashyantare 1827. Guhura n'umugabo we byari bitegereje igihe kinini kandi bikomeye icyarimwe. Maria yabonye Sergey Grigorievich, afite iminyururu mu ngoyi, kandi mu byifuzo byambere byasomye ingoyi, hanyuma abiwe. Umuganwa icyo gihe yaguye mu mwuka rwose kandi ararwara cyane. Ukuza k'umugore we byateje imbere ubuzima bwe.
Volkonskaya yatuye munzu imwe hamwe numugore wundi mushukanyi Catherine Trubetkoy. Iminsi ikaze yinjiye, abagore bayoboye umurima, biga gukiza kuri byose. Maria Nikolaevna yafashe inshingano yo kwandika amabaruwa akomoka.
Umwaka urangiye, ibikomangoma byombi byimukiye mu icumu. Mu bugari bushya bwaho vuba yimuye abagabo babo. Muri Chita, Maria Nikolayevna yiteguye gukubita icyarimwe. Mu mizo ya mbere, muri Werurwe 1828, amakuru ateye ubwoba yaturutse kuri St. Petersburg - nyirabukwe yamubwiye ku rupfu rw'amavi. Mare yajanjaguwe Maria kugirango atasaze, asaba umwami kumwemerera kubaho mu burambye kumugabo we kandi ahabwa uruhushya.
Mu 1829, imyigaragambyo mishya - urupfu rwa Se. Ubuzima bwe bwarakabije cyane kubera ibyabaye kuri Maria, ariko mbere y'urupfu ahura n'umukobwa we. Yapfuye, areba igishushanyo cyayo akunda, yemeye ko "Maria ariwo mugore utangaje yari azi." Mama, gutunga imico ikomeye, ntiyababariye umukobwa we kimwe n'abavandimwe na mushiki we Sofiya. Ushaka kwandikira bashiki bacu basaza Catherine na Elena.
Ku ya 10 Nyakanga 1830, Maria yibarutse umukobwa Sofiya, wapfuye umunsi umwe. Kuva mu miterere idahujwe, umugore yasohotse ashimira kwimuka gushya - mu gihingwa cya peteroli. Hano, abashuka bemerewe kubaho kumuntu kubuntu hamwe nabagore babo mumazu yimbaho. Hanyuma imfura ya Voltonsky Mikhail (1832) yaravutse, kandi umukobwa wa Nelli (1834).
Mu 1835, Sergei Grigorievich yakuwe mu mirimo y'irangare y'ubuzima, maze uwo bashakanye agera ku buzima bwabo, maze uwo bashakanye agera ku buzima bwabo, maze uwo bashakanye agera ku buzima bwabo, maze uwo bashakanye agera ku buzima bwabo. Abashakanye bubatse inzu yimpeshyi "KAMACHNIK" muri UST-Kudow, aho bafashe abashyitsi badasanzwe.
Muri URIKA, abashuka A. Sodahio, M. Lunin yabayeho. Bombi bari inshuti nini z'umuryango wa vokunsky kandi, bizera ko babyiyumvo kuri Mariya. Niba kandi iyambere yakundanye numuganwakazi gusabisanzwe, hanyuma hagati yuburyo na Volkonsaya, ukurikije bamwe mu bahanga mu by'amateka, habaye umubano w'umuntu. Ariko, ibihanga bya birwa nikolaevna byahakana iki kintu.
Amaze gutegeka imyaka 8, Maria Voltonskaya mu 1845 yahawe uruhushya rwo kwimukira muri Irkutsk. Hano yasobanuye abana muri siporo maze yinjira mubuzima bwisi, atangira gusura amakinamizi, bidatinze akingurira Salon, kimwe n'umwamikazi Trubetkaya.
Abakunzi bakobwa bafunze kandi b'indahemuka babaye ibyago kandi bakuraho undi. Amaherezo, abagore barazamutse, batasangiye akazu, bombi bashize amaso.
Muri iki gihe, ubuzima bwa Maria Nikolaevna bugenda burusha. Ntabwo isohoka munzu kubera ibitero bibaho muri byo. Ihute kumenya iherezo ryabana kandi mu 1850 yashakanye n'umukobwa wa Elena (Nelly) kuri the Motchanova yemewe, nubwo yamenyekanye cyane muri sosiyete.
Mu 1855, Alexandre ya II asubira ku ntebe y'u Burusiya. Amnesty iri hafi 1856, igihe abashuka babohowe bava muri Siberiya. Umuganwakazi Maria asiga kare gato kubera ubuzima budakomeye kandi buturuka i Moscou kumukobwa we, na Voltonsky irahagera aho.
Urupfu
Mu myaka yashize, umugore yagenze cyane. Umukobwa yatangaga kabiri, abapfakazi mu 1857, kuri dipolomati ya Nicholas Kochubey. Yashakanye n'umuhungu we ku muganwakazi Elizabeth Volkonskaya, ubukwe bwabereye i Geneve. Amaze gusura Roma ku mva ya Mama na bashiki bacu Elena.
Maria Nikolaevna yahunze gato nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwuzukuru wa Alegizandere maze apfa mu 1861, mu isambu y'Umukwe mu fura (Intara ya Chernihite). Muri iki gihe Sergey Volhonsky yari mu mahanga, yapfuye, yamenetse kubera ubumuga, mu 1865.