Ubuzima
Umwe mu bahagarariye ibimenyetso byiza bya Noble abara Nikolai iltich tolstoy - se w'umwanditsi w'Uburusiya Inion NikoLavich Tolstoy. Ishusho y'umwanditsi w'ababyeyi yakomeje imirimo nk'iyi y'imirimo ye nk "intambara n'amahoro" (Rostov), "Ubwana", "UBWANA NICHOLA). Mu busore bwe, yakoze umwuga wa gisirikare wagenze neza, amaze gushyingirwa na Mariya, nyirasenge ndetse n'umuvandimwe uzwi cyane w'ubujurire Maria Voltonsky, warazwe na Polyana ", uva kuri ubu, uva kuri ubu uw'ijwi rya Tolstoy .Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Nikolai IlyIch Tolstoy yavutse ku ya 26 Kamena 1794. Aho yavukiye igishushanyo ntikiramenyekana. Birashoboka ko yavukiye mu isambu ya Nikolsky-vyazemsky, wa nyina umwamikazi we Pelagae Gorchakova.
Data mubare Ilya Andreevich Tolstoy yavuye mu gisirikare mu ntera ya Brigadier nyuma yo gushyingirwa mu rwumu rukize, ahubwo yashishikarije Leta Leta yose, yatsindiye ikibanza cya Guverineri muri Kazen. Muri uyu mwanya, yashinjwaga kunyereza umutungo wa Leta kandi apfa nyuma gato yo kuvana, asiga imyenda myinshi. Muri ubu bukwe, abana 4 bavutse - imfura ya Nicholya, hanyuma Alegizandere, Ilya na Pelagiya.
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Ilya nto (afite imyaka 7), Nikolai yabaye umuhungu w'ikineme w'igishushanyo, naho se yaje ku mwuga we. Tolstoy yerekanye umuhungu w'imyaka 5 mu bakozi ba Leta mu ntera ya Gerefiyent wa Gerefiyent mu ngendo ry'imiterere ya Kremlin. Nyuma yimyaka 10, umusore yabaye nka Gerefiye ya College, yahise yimukira ku munyamabanga w'intara.
Nikolai ilyich yakuriye mu muryango, nubwo ari kumwe n'ubwubatsi bw'abakurambere, ariko mu bihe byabo cyane. Abana bo mu nzu bararabaye bararasetse ntibakomeza gukomera. Ababyeyi babayeho igihe kirekire muri Polyany, hanyuma muri Nikolsky-vyazemsky, aho iminsi mikuru n'irerekanwa byateguwe ku itegeko rya Data.
Igihe Nicholas Ilyich yari afite imyaka 15, mushiki wa nyina yamuhaye yard afanasii petrov - ikintu kivuga ku kuzamura hey wa serfdom.
Umwuga na Service
Intambara yo gukunda igihugu cya 1812 yatumye umusore yimukira mu bakozi ba Leta mu gisirikare, nubwo bene wabo bahanganye na bo. Ku ya 11 Kamena 1812, Nikolai yashimiwe na kornet mu rwego rwa 3 rwa Ukraine ya Cosrack.
Hamwe n'impeshyi imwe, yahinduye urusebe rwa Moscou kandi vuba, nyuma yo guhindura umubare w'icya nyuma, atangira gukorera muri Irkutsk Gusar. Intambara yari ikomeye cyane kumusore udafite uburambe wagurutse mucyari cye kavukire bwa mbere.
"Nabonye iyo ntambara zose ziteye ubwoba; Nabonye aho, imibumbe ku icumi ku mibiri.Igishushanyo cya Tolstoy bitabiriye intambara zingenzi z'intambara yo mu 1812, kandi kandi zitandukanya n'intambara zo kubohora izindi nyabatozo no kurimbuka kw'ingabo za Napoleonike. Yahawe igihembo cya Liyetona hamwe na gahunda ya St. Vladimir IV urwego rwa St. Vladimir IV n'umuheto wo gutandukanya intambara munsi ya Dresde kandi iyo bambuka Elbe. Ku buryo bugaragaza ubutwari bugaragara ku rugamba rusange hafi ya Leipzig yahawe ipeti ry'Ubushinwa-Rothmistra.
Mu Ukwakira 1813, igihe gutanga ku Mukuru Devech mu St. Petersburg, Nikolai Ilyich irafatwa mu mujyi wa Saint-Oben na yarekuwe gusa ku mpera gahunda anti-Napoléon mu 1814. Agarutse mu Burusiya ku ya 8 Kanama 1814, Tolstoy arakomeza gukora igisirikare. Igishushanyo gikiri gito cyimuriwe mu banyamafarasi maze ashyira ahagaragara umucamanza kuri Liyetona-Umuganwa rusange Umuganwa Andrei Ivanovich Gorchakovich Gorchakov, umuvandimwe wa kabiri wa nyina.
Nyuma yimyaka 3 yumurimo, mu 1817 Nikolai Ilyich yatanze icyifuzo cyumwami Alexandre nahinduwe mu gikomangoma cyo mu gikomangoma cya orange. Abahanga mu by'amateka basobanura iki gisubizo cyo kwangirika kw'imiterere yumunyacyubahiro. Ariko, hano umusore yakoraga igihe gito, amaze kwemerera mu 1819 mu ntera ya Liyetona Koloneli.
Mu myaka 182 ya Nikolai ilyich yarapfuye. Mama na bashiki bacu bakomeje kwita ku muntu. Yabajyanaga i Kazan yerekeza i Moscou no gupfuka imyenda ya Se, yahatiwe kwinjira muri serivisi nk'umwarimu wungirije w'ishami ry'ingabo z'indaya rya gisirikare ry'abayobozi b'indabyo za gisirikare. Ariko, birumvikana ko ishyingiranwa ryiza ryashoboraga vuba kandi rikwiye neza.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1822, kubara abihagarariye ubwoko buhebuje bwa Primkresky Umuganwakazi wa Voltonsky Maria Nikolaevna, wemeye icyifuzo cya Liyetona Koloneli. Umugeni yari ashaje imyaka 4 kandi aruha cyane mubwiza bwo hanze.
Kubara Nikolai Ilyich yari umusore mwiza ufite ubuzima bwiza: Intwari y'intambara, byishimo, mu kaga, mu mazu menshi meza.
"Data yari afite ijosi ritukura", "ijwi ryinshi ryishimye", "ijwi ryinshi, rikabije," ryiza, ryiza, ryinshi "," rikabije.Maria Nikolaevna yari afite ibintu binini biranga umuntu warazwe abana be. Volkonskaya yari afite uburezi buhebuje, uburyohe bwubuhanzi nubuhanga impano, yari azi indimi nyinshi. Ariko ikintu cyingenzi - Umuganwakazi yari afite imiterere ikomeye, muri Dorwate ye yari umutungo uzwi "polyale polya" muburyo bwa Tula.
Hano hari abashyingiranywe nyuma yubukwe bwabaye ku ya 9 Nyakanga 1822. Mu 1823, aba bombi bari baragize Nikolai wa mbere bavuze. Hanyuma abahungu batatu bagaragaye - Sergey (1826), Dmitry (1827), intare (1828). Umukobwa umwe wa Toltoy Maria yavutse mu 1830.
Nyuma yo kuvuka k'umuhungu wa mbere, Nikolai ilyich yubatse inzu nini ya Manor. Yasezeranye byinshi kubintu, yakundaga guhiga. Ubukungu nabwo bwari hafi ye: Igishushanyo cyavunitse ubusitani bunini, cyaganiriye ku butaka bwa Manor. Kuba umukunzi wo gusoma ubwe, Nikolai ilyich yakusanyije isomero rinini kuri abazanwa n'umurwa mukuru no mu bitabo byo mu mahanga.
Mu 1830, utabonye Masha, umugore wa Tolstoy arapfa. Ovdov, kubara bituma icyifuzo cya mushiki we wa kabiri Tatiana Yergolskaya, aho yari agikundana n'ubusore bwe. Tatiana yari impfubyi kandi yazamuye mu nzu ya se nikolai ilhich. Ubuzima bwayo bwite ntibukoreye, kandi yagumye kuba inkumi ya kera.
Ikibara Ergolskaya cyanze, ariko cyasezeranyije ko kwita ku bana be bagenda nta mubyeyi. Kandi nyuma y'urupfu rw'umubyimba, abana bari barangije kugwa rwose kandi basezeranye mu burere bwabo.
Urupfu
Mu mpera z'ubuzima bwo kubara, Tolstoy yashoboye gukosora ibibazo by'ubukungu. Yamenyereye imyenda ya se kandi ashimangira igihugu cye, agurisha ikintu mu murage we akaba yarabonye ibye. Ikirego cyashizeho mu buryo butunguranye, kuba mu biro by'umuhanda - yakubiswe kubera igitutu cyasimbutse. Byabereye muri Tula ku ya 21 Kamena 1837.