Ubuzima
Ifasi ya Repubulika ya Chechen yagiye kwa Perezida Aslan Maskhadov Razarked. Inkuru ivuga ko ibibazo byaguye ku mugabane wa Chechen, ntabwo bitabiriye iyi politiki. Akababaro kanini ka Maskhadov muri Duet hamwe na Shamil Basayev byatumye Abarusiya: bifatwa ko bigira uruhare mu bitero by'iterabwoba bya Dubrovka no muri Beslan. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, igikorwa cyemewe nticyamenyekanye nk'iterabwoba.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Aslan Aliyevich Maskhadov yavutse ku ya 21 Nzeri 1951 mu mudugudu wa Shokai wo muri Repubulika y'Abasoviyeti y'Abanyamerika, mu muryango wa Chechens. Usibye Aslan, ababyeyi bareze abana 5 - abahungu ba barafu, aslamu na Lema, abakobwa Bucha na Zhovn.
Mu 1957, nyuma yo kugarura asfurasiyo ya Chechen-Inzi, Maskhadov, Maskhadov yasubiye mu gihugu kavukire maze atura mu mudugudu wa Zubir-Yurt ku karere ka Nadtera. Hano mu 1968 Aslan yakiriye impamyabumenyi y'amashuri yisumbuye.
Aslan Makhadov yashakaga guhinduka igisirikare cyo gufasha sepe ya senya n'abagabya hanze. Kubwibyo mu 1969, umusore yinjiye mu ishuri ry'ikinyamakuru rya Arilisi nkuru ya TBILISI, mu 1972, amaze kwakira impamyabumenyi, yagiye gukorera mu karere ka gisirikare y'iburasirazuba. Mu myaka 6, serivisi yayoboye vuba mu nshingano y'umwuga, yageze ku muyobozi wungirije w'ishami rya artillerie.
Iteka ryakiriwe mu gisirikare "ku murimo wo kuba umubyeyi mu ngabo za USSR" ryafashije Aslan mu 1978 kugira ngo binjire muri Leningrad MikhaIlavsky artillevsky academy. Mu kiganiro n'ikinyamakuru "Komsolskaya Pravda", umunyeshuri twiganaga maskhadov yabisobanuye gutya:
"Kugira ngo tugere ku batware ntibaharaniye. Nta Muyisilamu w'Abayisilamu yari afite. Yakundaga kunywa. "Yarangije ishuri rya Aslan hamwe nicyubahiro. Kwibuka bagenzi bawe ndetse n'abo mwigana kuri Maskhadov bigize igitabo "Icyubahiro kirenze ubuzima." Icyegeranyo, usibye ingingo n'inyuguti, bikubiyemo amafoto yo mu muryango no mu bubiko bwa gisirikare.
Serivisi ya gisirikare n'ibikorwa bya Leta
Ndetse no mu rubyiruko rwa Maskhadov bashakira ubuyobozi. Igisubizo cy'abarimbuga, wari uyoboye muri Hongiriya, yahawe inshuro nyinshi ibendera ritukura ry'Inama Njyanama ya Gisirikare yakoreye umutimanama. Ubuhanga bwamayeri kandi bwo kurwanira byemewe 1992 kugirango bugere kuri koloneli.
Hamwe no gusenyuka kwa GSSR, ibintu biri hagati ya Repubulika yahoze yinshuti. Repubulika yongeye kwize hamwe na Repubulika, bananiwe gutandukana n'Uburusiya, barwanira akarere. Intambara ya Chechen yabaye imwe mu makimbirane manini.
Mu 1992, Johar Dudaev, perezida wa mbere wiyita muri Repubulika ya Checheni Ichkeria (Cri), yashyizeho Makhadov n'umuyobozi w'ingabo za Chechnya. Mu ntambara ya mbere ya Chechen yo mu 1994-1996, Maskhadov yinjiye mu mutwe w'umukuru w'icyicaro gikuru cy'ingabo za CRI. Nibwo yategetse ko abarwanyi bubahirije, binjiye mu ntambara n'ingabo z'Uburusiya, habaye intambara kuri Grozny mu 1996 ku ngamba zayo.
Mu 1995, Porokireri ya Porokireri y'Abarusiya yashinje maskhadov mu guhohotera imyanya yemewe, mu guhemukira igihugu cyamamaye mu gihugu no kugambanira igihugu ndetse na banitism, bihanishwaga igihano cy'urupfu. Umuyobozi w'ingabo yatangajwe.
Nubwo igifungo gishonje cyangwa urupfu, mu Gushyingo 1996 Maskhadov yatangaje umugambi wo kwiruka mu ba perezida ba Repubulika. Ubwo buhanga mu isiniro rye ni iterabwoba Shamil Basayev. Muri Mutarama 1997, n'amajwi menshi (59.3%) ya Maskhadov yatowe ku mutwe wa Cri. Nyuma y'amezi atandatu, Shamil Basayev yagizwe Minisitiri w'intebe.
Muri Maskhadov, ibibazo by'imbere muri Prochnya byangiritse cyane. Abantu babaga mu mijyi n'imidugudu, nta serwa, amashanyarazi n'amazi. Nta buvuzi. Kubera ibicuruzwa byiza na antisanitars, Repubulika yakoraga mu ndwara. Inzara iratera imbere. Mu ishuri ry'incuke, amashuri na kaminuza, amadirishya n'inzugi byari bitandukanye. Abafite uburyo bwo kwimuka, bahunze bava muri Chechnya.
Kugabanuka kugera ku kigero cy'ibyaha muri Repubulika. Abantu bashimuswe buri munsi, ibisasu bikubitwa inkuba, umuriro washize. Ibiyobyabwenge byagurishijwe ku mugaragaro, imishinga y'amahimbano yariganye, Islamu y'imiti yazamuwe cyane.
Abarwanyi ba Chechen bafashe intwaro mu turere duturanye n'uturere tujyanywe mu Burusiya, bakurura abayisilamu bakiri bato mu ntera yabo. Urugero, muri Repubulika ya Caucases y'Amajyaruguru, ya Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabaryino - Babarkia, yarimo asohora ibitekerezo byo gutandukana no kurwanya Abayahudi.
Mu yandi magambo, politiki y'imbere ya Maskhadov yerekejwe ku guhungabanya umuryango wa Chechen, atera urwango abayobozi ba federasiyo. Rero, kumuyoboro wa TV ya Caucasis, SVOGAN yatangajwe:
"Ntabwo tungana. Twese turi kugereranya.Komeza, mu Burusiya - turagenda! ".
Kugeza mu 1998, ibintu ntibyari byemewe na Maskhadov: Ingabo za Opozisiyo z'abarwanyi bagaragaye muri Chi. Amatsinda manini yayobowe na Salman Raduyev, umwe mu bahagarariye abamamaye b'iterabwoba rya Chechen, kandi bagenzi be Shamil Basayev na Amir bin al-Hattab.
Kugira ngo afashe mu kurwanya ibyaha Maskhadov yajuririye Uburusiya. Leta yatangiye igihe muri Kanama 1999 Basayev na Hatati batera akarere ka Dagestan. Minisiteri y'ibikorwa mu gihugu cya Federasiyo y'Uburusiya yoherereza Perezida wa Repubulika ya Cheken hamwe n'icyifuzo cyo kugirana uburyo bwo kugirana ubumwe bw'abarwanyi, ariko akomeza ku ruhande rw'amakimbirane yitwaje intwaro.
Iyo repubulika imaze kumanika kuri Repubulika ubukangurambaga bwa kabiri bwa gisirikare, Maskhadov yakoraga muburyo bwose buhari. Yashakaga inkunga y'abayobozi ba Ingeshetia no mu majyaruguru ya Ossetia, bashinjwaga Uburusiya kurushaho kuba umugambi wo kuba "umufatanyabikorwa w'ingenzi mu majyaruguru.
Aslan yasabye inama bwite na Minisitiri w'intebe w'Uburusiya Vladimir Putin, ariko yahisemo guhita ashyiraho igikorwa cyo gukuraho abarwanyi. Ingabo zishingiye ku butaka bwa Chechnya ku ya 30 Nzeri 1999. Perezida wa Repubulika, mbere y'ibyo, gushaka ubufasha mu kurwanya iterabwoba, bunze ubumwe n'abarwanyi basayev na Hatab ku rugamba hamwe n'Uburusiya.
Ku ruhande rwa Maskhadov, abantu bo muri Arabiya Sawudite, muri Pakisitani, Turukiya na al-Qaida bararwanye. Ibikorwa bya gisirikare Aslan Maskhadov yayoboye ku giti cye. Ku ya 23 Ukwakira 2002, abantu 916 bafatiwe ku kigo cya Moscou. Kubera ifungwa ry'iminsi itatu n'ibikorwa byo kwibohora, abantu 130 barapfuye. Inshingano kubyabaye na Shamil Basayev yafashe.
Umwe mu barwanyi bagize uruhare mu gufata nabi yavuze ko Maskhadov ashyira ikiganza cye mu gutegura igitero cy'iterabwoba. Perezida wa Repubulika ya Chechen na we yahakanye uruhare rwe kandi akangisha ko azahanwa na Basayev nk'igihano, ariko ntiyafataga ibikorwa bifatika.
Ku ya 1 Nzeri 2004, habaye igitero kinini cy'iterabwoba mu mateka y'Uburusiya bwa kijyambere: Abantu 1128, cyane cyane abanyeshuri b'ishuri №1 Belan, bari ingwate. Abantu 314, barimo 186 bapfiriye muri aya makuba. Inshingano z'igitero cyongeye gushimangira Shamil Basayev. Ku ya 17 Nzeri muri uwo mwaka, Uburusiya bwavuze ko afite ibimenyetso byerekana uruhare mu gitero cy'iterabwoba cya Askhadov. Mu 2006, Ossetia y'Amajyaruguru yamwitaga umwe mu bakiriya b'igitero.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Bitandukanye n'umwuga wa politiki, ubuzima bwite bwa Aslan Maskhadov ntabwo buvuguruzanya. Mu 1972 yashakanye na Kusama Yazengovna semieva. Nyuma yimyaka 7, bavutse imfura - umuhungu Anor, mu 1981 - umukobwa wa Fatima.
Bifatwa ko mu 2002, Aslan yinjiye mu ishyingiranwa rya kabiri hamwe na kavukire mu mudugudu wa Isaha-yurt, ariko nta makuru yizewe abijyanye.
Urupfu
Igitero cy'iterabwoba muri Beslan, FSB ya Federasiyo y'Uburusiya yashyizeho ibihembo by'imibare mibi ya miliyoni 300 z'amakuru azafasha gukuraho perezida wa Checheni. Ugushyingo 2004, abayobozi batangaje ko ibikorwa bidasanzwe bitangiye ku gufatwa abaterabwoba. Aslan Makhadov yapfuye ku ya 8 Werurwe 2005 mu mudugudu wa Chechen-Yurt. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwurupfu rwa perezida wa Chers itamenyekanye.
Dukurikije amakuru yemewe, ku ya 8 Werurwe, Maskhadov, hamwe na bagenzi be, bateganya guturika inyubako y'ubuyobozi bw'icyaro. Ku munsi w'igitero cy'iterabwoba, ishusho yari yihishe mu nsi yo hasi y'inzu y'umuvandimwe wa kure, aho yavumbuwe na serivisi zidasanzwe. Ibisasu byakoreshwaga mu gufata inkozi y'ibibi. Byafashwe ko Maskhadov yapfuye azize muri borryman wabonye.
Nyuma ku mubiri wa Aslan, wasangaga igikomere cy'amarenga, cyabaye cyica. Ibisubizo by'ikizamini bya ballistique byerekanaga ko isasu ryakuwe muri pistolet ya Makarov, yari iy'agace kandi umurinzi maskhadov vuchan Hadzhimulatov.
Ku rubanza, umurinzi yariyongereye mu buhamya. Amaze kwiyemera mu bikorwa, bivuga icyifuzo cya nyirarume kumwica
"Niba akomeretse kandi agerageze gufata imbohe. Yavuze ko aramutse afashe, hanyuma amutegeka, ashishikarizwa hirya no hejuru ya Saddam Hussein. "Nk'uko ibindi bimenyetso bivuga, vuchan yatakaje ibyaremwe, maze akangutse, Maskhada yari asanzwe aricwa. Umuyobozi uriho kuri Chechnya Ramzan Kadyrov yasabye ko serivisi zidasanzwe z'Uburusiya zashakaga gufata inkozi z'icyaha cya Leta, ariko
"Ikirinzi, uko bigaragara, gikora urugendo rutyaye, kigenda kitaraswa."Nyuma yo kurandura maskhadov FSB yishyuye miliyoni 10 z'amadolari avumburwa, yerekanaga umwanya n'aho bakomeje Aslan. Ariko, umuhungu we Anor yamenyesheje itangazamakuru ko se yigenga yatanze ibiganiro byayo bikunze kuganira. Ibitekerezo bimwe byagaragajwe Shamil Basayev.
Ibyanditswe byose byurupfu rwa politiki ya SHECHEN, kimwe na biografiya yabanyaguzi ba SHECHAN, bapfuka muri firime "kwigana" (2017).