Ubuzima
Ibihimbano byabanyamerika William Gibson ntabwo byitirirwa kuvuka k'ubumwe bushya bwibihimbano bya siyansi, bizwi nka Cyberpunk. Kandi ntibitangaje: Ndetse na mbere y'ibitekerezo by '"ubwenge bw'agateganyo", "kugenderwaho." " Nubwo kubera ko kuva hasohotse akazi byashize imyaka irenga 30, biracyafatwa nkaho bihingwa.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
William Ford Gibson yavutse ku ya 17 Werurwe 1948 mu mujyi wo muri Kozali ya Enastl, muri Carolina y'Amajyepfo. Igihe kinini cyigihe cyambere cyumwanditsi cyabereye muri DYITVIlle, muri Virginie.
Se wa William yakoraga nk'umuyobozi muri sosiyete ikomeye yo kubaka, bityo Gibsons yakunze kwimuka. Igihe umuhungu yitabira Pines yishuri ryibanze muri Norfolk, Data yapfuye - yababajwe mugihe cyo gufata ibiryo. Iminsi mike nyuma yibyabaye, umuryango wasubiye kuri Dyville. William yahaye amashuri yisumbuye George White.
Ibidukikije by'umuhungu muri siporo, kandi afite imyaka 12 "ntiyashakaga ikindi, usibye kuba umwanditsi w'impimbano." Igihe cyose gibson gibson yakoresheje mucyumba cyo gusoma. Uburyohe bwe bwubuvanganzo bwarezwe nabanditsi b'Ibisekuru - Prostaiki William na Jack Keroac, Umusizi Allen Ginzberg.
Kuko gusoma William bibagiwe amasomo. Abadanyuzwe n'imikorere ye, Mama yangiriye ubwoba bwo kohereza umuhungu we ku ishuri ryicumbuye, abifatanye na we ashishikaye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Gibson yari mu ishuri rya Arizona kubahungu muri Tucson.
Igihe wa William Gibson yahinduye imyaka 18, nyina yarapfuye. Yateye ishuri ajya kuzenguruka Uburayi, ashaka kwishora mu kwigumana. Mu 1967, umwanditsi yimukiye muri Kanada kugira ngo yirinde guhamagarira intambara muri Vietnam. Mu kiganiro na 2008, yasobanuye ko bitandukiriye ingabo, ntabwo yigeze haza gahunda.
Abandi basigaye ba 1960, umusore yamaze i Toronto, hanyuma ajya kuzenguruka ibihugu by'Uburayi aho ubutegetsi bwa Fashiste bwarinzwe. Gibson ntabwo yifuzaga gukora, nuko yinjira muri kaminuza ya Columbiya y'Ubwongereza kugira ngo yakire buruse. Yarangije kwiga mu 1977.
Mu munyeshuri, William yahuye n'umwanditsi John Shirley, wemeje neza impano yo kwandika. Muri kiriya gihe, Gibson yamaze kwandika inkuru nyinshi muburyo bwa siyanse. Ndashimira Shirley, inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki zinjiye mu maboko ya Bruce Sterling na Lewis Shayer, ibihimbano bya siyansi ya Amerika. Bishimiye imirimo ya Gibson.
Ibitabo
Urugero, ibikorwa bya mbere bya Gibson, kurugero, inkuru y '"inkombe za holografiya ya roza" (1977), ni inkuru zijyanye n'ingaruka za Cybernetike ku bantu. Insanganyamatsiko zateye imbere mu nkuru "Johnny-Mnemonic" (1981) na "gutwika Chrome" (1982), yashyizeho ishingiro ry'inyuguti rya mbere "Neuromant".
Amaze kwandika kimwe cya gatatu cyigitabo, Gibson yarebye film "yiruka ku gihome" (1982), yarashwe mu bwoko bwa cyberpun, maze amenya ko Neomomanta ategereje ko yatsinzwe na gato ". Ibihimbano bya siyanse byasubiye mu gitabo inshuro 12 kandi byemeje ko nyuma yo gutangaza ko izina rye "riteye isoni burundu." Ariko, kubera, kuva munsi yumwanditsi w'ikaramu, Cyberromeman wa Canonical yasohotse.
"NeuRentant" (1984) yahawe ibihembo "na" Hugo ", igihembo cya Filipo Dick. Mu 2005, ikinyamakuru gihe cyarimo akazi ku rutonde rw'ibitabo 100 byiza byo kuvuga Icyongereza byanditswe kuva 1923.
Imvugo yanyuma "Ntiyongeye kubona Molly" ntabwo yatangaga ibyiringiro byo gukomeza inkuru yerekeye Neuromanta, ariko Gibson yandika kwandika kw'Abaroma "Kubara Zero", cyangwa "Igishushanyo Zero" (1986). Ibi bikorwa byombi, kimwe na "Mona Lisa Treaddrive" (1988) bigize indina yambere ya Umwanditsi.
Kuri trilogy, umusego "imashini itandukaniro" (1990), yanditswe ku bufatanye na Bruce sterling. Abanditsi batangije amakuru yikoranabuhanga mubyerekanwe mubwongereza bwa Victorian wo mu Bwongereza. Igitabo ubu gifatwa nkuhagarariye urumuri rwa steampunk.
Icyarimwe hamwe no kwandika imirimo minini, Gibson yahimbwe inkuru, bamwe ku bufatanye nibihimbano bya siyansi. Noneho, "kuba" (1981) byafashaga kuzana na John Shirley, "Inyenyeri itukura, orbit yo muri orbit" (1983) - Bruce stterling, na "kurwanya" 1985
Urukurikirane rwa kabiri rwa Gibson "trialogy of tradge" harimo ibitabo "urumuri rwihariye" (1993), "umuhanuzi" (amashyaka yose ejo "(1999). Ikibi nyamukuru umwanditsi abona aho kuba muburyo bwubukorikori, ahubwo ni mubitangazamakuru, bituma gusenga ibyamamare kandi mubyukuri biraba imbata abantu.
Nyuma ya "ikirarane cyakira" gibson yatangiye gukurikiza uburyo bwo kwandika no kwandika no kuvuga amakuru. Muri ubwo buryo, ibitabo biva kuri "binini byanditsweho" byanditswe - "Kumenya amashusho" (2003), "igihugu cy'abazimu" (2007) na "2010). Gibson ubwe ahuza ibyo bikorwa byihaye "ibitabo byerekeranye na muraxy y'ubururu."
Muri 2014, ibihimbano bya siyanse byashyize ahagaragara ibikoresho "bya periphera", inkuru igenda muri Epochs ebyiri - Imyaka 30 nyuma ya none kandi mugihe cya kure. Gukomeza, bimaze kubona izina "ikigo" bigomba kurekurwa ku ya 2 Mata 2019.
William Gibson ntabwo azwi gusa nkumwanditsi, ariko nanone nkumwanditsi. Akazi ke ka mbere ni inyandiko ya firime nziza "ALIEN 3" (1992), ibintu bike biryozwa muri verisiyo yanyuma.
Mbere, uruhare rwa Gibson mu nganda za firime rwageze kure ya sisitemu ya hollywood ibuza. Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 1980, umuyobozi w'impimbano akorana n'Umuyobozi wa Kazakisitani Rashid Nugmanov akoresheje filime yo muri Amerika y'Abasoviyeti "imigade y'urupfu". Uruhare nyamukuru muri rwo rwagombaga gukora umuyobozi w'itsinda rya firime Viktor Tsoi, mu 1990 wapfuye mu mpanuka y'imodoka.
Nta bufatanye n'umuyobozi w'Ubuyapani wa Yesaya mu 1991. Iyi filime, kubera kurema Abanya Corpel bagombye kuba barakuwe mu gihome cya Kowloon, ariko mu 1993 yarasenyutse. Gibson ni umwanditsi w'ikigo cy'ingabo z'imirimo yacyo ya Johnny-Mnemonic (1995), kandi "hoteri nshya ya Rosa" (1998), aho Christopher agafuni, willem Defo na Aziya Argento.
Birashimishije kubona ko ibitabo byimpimbano bitagejejweho. Umuyobozi wa Kanada, Vincenzo Natalie yavuganye inshuro nyinshi mu kiganiro yakoraga kuri cinema ya "neomanta". Heiden Kristensen na Liv Tyler bagombaga kuva mu nshingano zo kuyobora, ariko umushinga ntiwigeze usohora. Kuva mu 2017, Tim Miller yagiye mu mategeko. Afite kandi uburenganzira bwo kurasa ibitabo bisigaye bya trilogy "cyberpace".
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwihariye bwibihimbano bwa siyanse igice gitwikiriwe nigicucu cyibitazwi.
Izuba rirenze ryo mu 1960, mu gihe cyo kunyerera no guhamagarwa kugera ku ntambara irwanira muri Vietnam, William Gibson yahuye na Deborah Jean Thompson, umukobwa ukomoka i Vancouver. Mu 1972, yabaye umugore we. Bose hamwe barera umwana wumwana mubukwe bwa mbere.
Nubwo ubumwe, ubumwe bukomeye, Gibson ntabwo yigeze agaragara hamwe n'umugore we ku byabaye. Byongeye kandi, nta foto imwe ya filisayine mubinyamakuru. Ntabwo bizwi niba abo bashakanye bazanye abana benshi.
Noneho umuryango uba muri Vancouver. Gibson yakiriye ubwenegihugu bwa Kanada, asigaye ari umunyamerika.
William Gibson Noneho
Ikigo cya Roman gibson "ni kimwe mu bitabo biteganijwe muri 2019. Bavuga ko icyarimwe haba mbere, kandi urukurikirane rw'ibikoresho "bya periphel".
Ibyabaye mu kigo bizahinduka muri verisiyo y'ukuri, aho intsinzi mu matora ya perezida ya Amerika muri 2016 yatsinze Hillary Clinton, kandi ntabwo ari impanda. Muyandi magambo, Gibson agomba gusubira mubihe byahise kugirango yerekane ubundi buryo bwaho bwabanyamerika.
Nubwo ans, siyanse igira ibyiringiro byo guhindura "ibikoresho bya periphele" n "" ikigo "muri trilogy itaha. Nta makuru yerekeye icyo igitabo cya gatatu kizishira.
Amagambo
"Umva ubwoba bwawe. Birashoboka ko ari inshuti yawe yonyine. "Papa wanjye yakoragaho, papa wanjye yahoraga avuga ati:" Iyo abantu bose batakaza umutwe, ukibuka ko mu kironi gihari, kandi gisigaye. "" Ku bwenge bubabaje, Uwiteka ari Hafi ya byose byonona ubugingo nabwo bucana umubiri. "" Mu shyari rirerire ".Bibliografiya
- 1977 - "SHAKA YA HOLOGRATIQUE"
- 1981 - "Johnny Mnemonic"
- 1982 - "Gutwika Chrome"
- 1985 - "Kurwana"
- 1990 - "Imashini itandukaniro"
- 2014 - "Ibikoresho bya periphel"
Trilogy "Cyberpace"
- 1984 - "Neuront"
- 1986 - "Kubara Zol"
- 1988 - "Mona Lisa Toldrive"
"Ikiraro cya Bridge"
- 1993 - "Umucyo"
- 1996 - "IDOR"
- 1999 - "Ibirori byose by'ejo"
"Bibind Trilogy"
- 2003 - "Kumenyekanisha Ishusho"
- 2007 - "Igihugu cy'Abazimu"
- 2010 - "Zeru Dossier"