Ubuzima
Peter Chaadavava yitwaga icyiza cyimico yigihe gito, kandi nyuma yo gusohora imirimo ya filozofiya, bijya mu gice na sisitemu ya cyami - "leta umusazi." Ubuzima bwe bwari bushingiye ku mashusho menshi y'ubuvanganzo: Evgenia Onegin, Alexander Chatsky, Umuganwa Myshkina, Pierre Prosperazova. Bitandukanye n'inyuguti ze, Chadaadaev yabaga kure yirari ryabantu hanyuma ava wenyine.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Peter Yakovlevich Chaadayev yavutse ku ya 27 Gicurasi (7 Kamena) yo mu 1794 i Moscou. Padiri Yakov Petrovich yabaye umujyanama w'icyumba cy'ubugizi bwa nabi na Nizhny Novhy, Mama yari Umuganwakazi Natalia Mikhailovna, Umukobwa w'igikomangoma Mikhail Mikhaiach Shcherbatova. Ababyeyi ba Petero na Mikhail, mukuru we, urupfu rwa mbere, no mu 1797 abahungu bafata mukuru wa Mama Anna Shricherbat.
Mu 1808, Peter Chadaev, amaze kwiga uburezi butunga urugo, yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Moscou. Mu barimu be harimo umuhanga mu by'amateka wa Fyersor Bauz, umushakashatsi w'ibyandikishijwe intoki y'Ibyanditswe Byera bya Friedrich Mattei. Filozofiya Johann Bule yiswe umunyeshuri wa Chaadaev. Mumaze kuba mumyaka yabanyeshuri Chaadaev yerekanye ko ashimishijwe nimyambarire. Memoirist Mikhail Zhikharev yasobanuye igishushanyo cya none:
"Ubuhanzi bwo gufata chadaadev yazamuye urugero rw'igisobanuro cyamateka."Peter Yakovlevich yari azwiho ubushobozi bwo kubyina no kuyobora ikiganiro cyisi abishyize mu isi nziza mu bagore. Kwita ku mibonano mpuzabitsina mudahuje igitsina, kimwe n'ubwenge hejuru y'urungano byatumye Chaadaeva "ubwitange bukabije."
Serivisi ya gisirikare n'ibikorwa rusange
Intambara yo gukunda igihugu cya 1812 yafashe abavandimwe ba Chayadayev muri societe ya Moscou y'abahanga. Urubyiruko rwinjiye mu kurinda ubuzima Semenov regiment mu rwego rwabagabuzi. Ku bw'ubutwari, bugaragarira mu ntambara ya Borodino, Peter Yakovlevich Rose yerekeza muri Penign, ahabwa uburenganzira bwa Mutagatifu Anna na Jumist Cross kubera igitero cya Bayonet kurugamba munsi ya Kul. Yitabiriye kandi muri Tarutinsky Maneuver, urugamba hafi ya Maloaslavets.
Muri 1813 Chayadaev yahinduwe mu rugo rwa Akhtyrsky. Umushumba Sergey Muravyev-Apolil yasobanuye iki gikorwa Petero Peter Yakovlevich akoresheje icyifuzo cyo gukomera muri Gusar Musar Mundir. Mu 1816, yimukiye mu barinda ubuzima bw'ingabo za Gusar, ikorerwa muri Liyetona. Nyuma yumwaka umwe, Chadaadaev yabaye adusant ya Jenerali Illaion Vasilchikov.
Ikirangantego cyo Gusar cyoherejwe mu mudugudu wa cyami. Byari hano mu nzu y'umuhanga mu by'amateka Nikolai Karamzin, Chayadayev yahuye na Alexander Cushkin. Umusizi ukomeye wu Burusiya yeguriye igisire cya filozofiya "ku ifoto ya Chaadaeva" (1820), "mu gihugu nibagiwe impumuro y'imyaka yashize" (1821), "ku byo gushidikanya k'ubukonje" (1824), na Petero Yakovlevich, kuba undi musuka, "ku gahatiye ati:" Atekereza ", kuganira ku ngingo z'Ubuvanganzo na filozofiya.
Urugero, Vasilchikov yakomeretse ibintu bikomeye by'ukwa Chaadaev, raporo, raporo Alexandre i kuri Bunte mu buzima Rirambo, Ikariso Ishiraho na Semenovsky. Nyuma yo guhura n'umwami mu 1821, ashingiye ku nshingano, atanga ibyiringiro by'ejo hazaza h'igikorwa cyiza cyane, byeguriwe. Amakuru yatunguye societe kandi abyara imigani myinshi.
Dukurikije verisiyo yemewe, Chadadaeev, yigeze gutangwa mukibazo cya Segono, ntabwo yababajwe nigihano cya bagenzi bakuru. Ku yindi mpamvu, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya yananiwe kugeza ku bahoze ari abasirikare bagenzi babo. Abayo mugihe chadaev batinze kubonana na Alexandre Nanjye, kuko yafashe imyenda igihe kirekire, cyangwa ngo umutegetsi watekereje ku bitekerezo bivuguruza ibitekerezo bya Peter Yakovlevich.
Kwifashisha hamwe n'ibikorwa bya gisirikare, Chadaadeev yinjiye mu kibazo cy'umwuka. Kubera ibibazo byubuzima mu 1823, yagiye mu rugendo i Burayi, nta mugambi wo gusubira mu Burusiya. Ku rugendo, Peter Yakovleevich yavuguruye isomero rifite ibitabo by'idini. Byatekerejwe cyane kukazi, igitekerezo nyamukuru cyacyo cyari kiri muri Plexus kurera siyanse nubukristo.
Leta y'ubuzima Chaadaeva yarushijeho kuba mibi, maze mu 1826 yahisemo gusubira mu Burusiya. Ku rubibe, yatawe muri yombi akekwaho kugira uruhare mu myigaragambyo y'uburiganya, byagenze umwaka mbere. Kuva kuri Peter Yakovlevich, bafashe inyemezabwishyu ko ataba mu miryango y'ibanga. Ariko, aya makuru yari ibinyoma nkana.
Tugarutse mu 1814, Chaadaev yinjiye ku mperuka ya St. Petersburg Falie Inshuti zunze ubumwe, zageze kwa Sana Master. Filozofiya yahise atengushye mu gitekerezo cy'amashyirahamwe y'ibanga, kandi mu 1821 asiga abo dusangiye na gato. Hanyuma yinjira mu majyaruguru. Nyuma yaje kunegura abashuka, bizera ko imyigaragambyo yitwaje intwaro yasunitse Uburusiya mu kinyejana gishize.
Filozofiya no guhanga
Kugaruka mu Burusiya, Chaadaev atura munsi ya Moscou. Umuturanyi we yari Catherine Panova. Hamwe na we, filozofiya ifite inzandiko - ubucuruzi bwa mbere, noneho urugwiro. Urubyiruko rwaganiriye cyane ku idini, kwizera. Igisubizo cya Chaadaev ku guta mu mwuka amabaruwa ya Panova Icyuma ", yaremye mu 1829-1831.
Byanditswe mu rubanza rwa epistolary umurimo wateje inzika za politiki n'imibare ya politiki. Kubatagaragara mubikorwa byibitekerezo, Nikolai nabwiye Chaadaeva na Panov. Philosopho yashyizweho n'ubugenzuzi bw'ubuvuzi, kandi umukobwa yagejejwe mu bitaro byo mu mutwe.
Kunegura gukabije kw'inyuguti "inyuguti za filozofiya" zatewe kuko gusenga kwa orotodogisi byasohotse. Chaadaev yanditse ko idini ry'Uburusiya, bitandukanye n'ubukristo bw'iburengerazuba, ntabwo akuraho abantu mu bucakara, ariko bitandukanye, kuba imbata. Ibi bitekerezo bya Alexander Herzen nyuma yitwa "Gatolika ya Revolution."
Ikinyamakuru "telesikope", muri iki gihe mu 1836 cya mbere cy'inyuguti umunani zasohotse, zarafunzwe, muri Katorga. Kugeza mu 1837, Chayadayev yatsinze ikizamini cyo kwa muganga buri munsi kugira ngo yerekane imibereho ye myiza. Ubugenzuzi bwa Filozofiya bwakuweho n'imiterere "atatinyuka kwandika ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose."
Isezerano rya Chaadaev ryahungabanijwe mu 1837, ryandika "gusaba imbabazi" (bitatangajwe mu buzima). UMURIMO wasubije ibirego by "gukunda igihugu bibi", bivugwa ku mpamvu zituma abantu bashyigikiye inyuma.
Peter Yakovloevich yizeraga ko Uburusiya buherereye hagati y'Iburasirazuba n'iburengerazuba, ariko muri rusange ntibireba mu mashyaka ari yo yose. Igihugu gishaka kwiga ibyiza byimico ibiri kandi mugihe kimwe ntabwo ari ukuba umuyoboke wa ntanumwe murimwe wagombaga gutesha agaciro.
Umutegetsi umwe umwe wavuze ku byerekeye, - Peter Njye, wasubije Uburusiya kuba imbaraga n'imbaraga mu kwinjizwa mu muco w'Uburusiya ibintu by'iburengerazuba. Chaadaeev yari iburengerazuba, ariko abatayu bamwubahaga. Icyemezo cyibi - amagambo ya Alexey Hombakova, uhagarariye neza imbata:
"Ubwenge bumurikirwa, ibyiyumvo by'ubuhanzi, umutima mwiza - iyo ni imico abantu bose bamukunda; Mu gihe nk'iki, uko bigaragara, yatekerezaga mu nzozi zikomeye kandi zidashaka. Yahenze cyane kubera ko we ubwe yari maso kandi ashishikariza abandi. "Ubuzima Bwihariye
Abasimbuye bita "Umuhanga mu bya filozofiya ya Chadadaeva": yahoraga akikijwe n'abagore, yari azi gukundana n'abagore bitanze abagore. Muri icyo gihe, ubuzima bwe bwa Petra Yakovlevich ntibwigeze bugenda.
Mubuzima bwa Chaadayev hari urukundo ruto. Catherine Panova, adressee ya "inyuguti za filozofiya", yababajwe cyane no kwifuza. Ndetse na nyuma yo kwibohora ibitaro bya Psychutric, umukobwa ntiyigeze aryozwa umukundwa mubyago bye. Yashakaga amateraniro na filozofiya, ariko yapfuye nta ibaruwa igaruka, umukecuru wijimye wenyine.
Chaadayev yabaye prototype yo Evgenia OneGIN yo mu gitabo cya Alexander ya Alexandre ya Alexander mu izina rimwe, kandi mu ruhare rwa Tatyana Laristi yakozwe na AvDota Norova. Yakundanye na filozofiya nta kwibuka, kandi igihe adafite amafaranga yo kwishyura abagaragu be, yasabye ko amureba, ariko ajya i Moscou mu muryango wa Legashov.
AvDota yari umukunzi ubabaza kandi afite intege nke, bityo yapfuye hakiri kare - afite imyaka 36. Chadadaeev, wayoboye amabaruwa asanzwe yashubije igihe kirekire, yamusuye mu bitaro mbere gato y'urupfu rwe.
Ekaterina Legashova, nubwo hari umugore wubatse, wakundaga cyane chadaev. Uwo mwashakanye n'abana bakuze ntibumva impamvu adakura amafaranga muri filozofiya y'amazu. Imyifatire yubaha ya Catherine kubashyitsi imara imyaka 6, kugeza apfuye.
Urupfu
Ku ya 14 Mata 1856, umuhanga mu kabuza utagaragara ugaragara muri Moscou Ikinyamakuru:
"Saa saa kumi n'imwe, nyuma ya saa sita zapfuye nyuma y'indwara ngufi, inzu ya Moscou Peter Yakovlevich Chaadayev, uzwi mu ruziga hafi ya sosiyete yacu ya Metropolitan."
Yapfuye atwika ibihaha, gato atarokotse imyaka 63. Memous Mikhail Zhikhari yigeze kubaza umuhanga mu bya filozofiya, impamvu ava mu bagore, "nk'ikuzimu kuva Ladan," arabasubiza ati:
"Menya nyuma y'urupfu rwanjye."Chadadaev yategetse gushyingura hafi y'abagore bakundwa - mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana ku mva ya avdoti norova cyangwa mu rusengero rwa Pokrovsky hafi ya Ekaterina Legashova. Filosoferi yasanze amahoro ya nyuma ku irimbi rya Don i Moscou.
Amagambo
"Ubusa bubyara umuswa, ubwibone ni umujinya". "Ntamuntu utekereza ko ntacyo yahabwa, atagiye akazi gake byibuze inyuma yukuzi. Imwe ni ibintu bidasanzwe - umunezero. Babona ko ari ibisanzwe kugira umunezero badafite umunezero wo gukora ikintu cyo kugura, ni ukuvuga kuwubona. "" Kugereranya, uhagaze ku kuguru kamwe, biteye isoni gushaka uburinganire bw'undi. "Ibyahise ntibiki kugengwa, ariko ejo hazaza hatewe."Bibliografiya
- 1829-1831 - "Inyuguti za Filozofiya"
- 1837 - "Gusaba imbabazi kwabasazi"