Ubuzima
Heinrich Heine numusizi wumudage, akazi ke ni urugero rwigihe cyurukundo rwurukundo. AGATANGABUHANGA N'UMUNYANGO, atwikiriye ibibazo byo kuri kijyambere muburyo bwiza kandi bwiza. Nyuma yimyaka, abahimbyi beza b'isi bakoze umuziki kubisigo ibisigo kandi bamenyereye umurimo wa Heine hamwe no gufasha merelodi.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Izina ryuzuye ryumwanditsi ni abakristo Johann Heinrich Heine. Umuhungu yavutse ku ya 13 Ukuboza 1797 i Dusseldorf mu muryango w'Abayahudi kandi yari imfura mu bana 4. Se wa Heine, Samusoni, ubucuruzi bw'inganda mu karere ka Rhine. Nyina wa Betty yazanye abana, ariko ashishikajwe n'imirimo ya Jean-Jacques kandi yerekanaga uburyo bukomeye. Yakundaga umuhungu we kandi yita ku gihe kizaza cy'umuhungu. Betty yabonye umwunganizi we, umukungugu cyangwa rusange, ariko ibyago bya Heine Junior byari bitandukanye.
Imyaka yabana umuhungu yaguye mugihe cyumugabane w'Ubufaransa. Muri iki gihe, ubwisanzure bwateye imbere mu Burayi, hamwe nimyambarire yimyambarire yasanze igisubizo cyisi yumuntu uhanga. Afite imyaka 13, Heinrich yinjiye muri Lyceum Gatolika. Mu 16, yabaye umufasha mu biro bya banner ya Frankfurt, ariko aratoroka, kubera ko iki gice cy'ibikorwa kitamutayeho. Ababyeyi bohereza umuhungu berekeza Hamburg, aho umusore yavugaga ko Aza umucuruzi uyoboye Ubwubaringanire bw'unwomeri nyirarume Salomo.
Mu 1818, Henry yashinze imicungire yisosiyete nto. Yananiwe kunanirwa, ntabwo yumvikana kuri konti zibaruramari. Muri icyo gihe, Heine yatangiye kuvugana na bene wabo ba nyina. Nyirarume Simoni Geldern yamenye ko rwiyemezamirimo atazarekurwa mu mwishywa, kandi amushyigikiraga mu cyifuzo cyo kwinjira muri kaminuza ya Bonn. Heinrich yajugunye mu bumenyi bw'ikiremwamuntu, asoma mu mirimo ya setwe kandi yihuta kandi ntiyatekereza ko ubuzima butagira ibitabo. Yashishikajwe kandi na folklore, yagaragaye mu nyandiko zakozwe nyuma.
Heine yinjiye mu ishami ry'amashami ya kaminuza ya Bonn, bidatinze yimurirwa muri kaminuza ya Göttiten. Umwaka umwe, ufite bike kubera urugero, Henry ntiyari ukuyemo. Imyaka ye yabanyeshuri yaranzwe nibikoresho nibitekerezo, ariko umusore ntiyibagiwe kubyerekeye ishyaka kuri siyanse. Mu 1821, yabaye umunyeshuri wa kaminuza ya Berlin.
Umusore yitabiriye salo kandi amenyera umuryango w'ubuvanganzo w'Ubudage. Muri kaminuza ya Heine, yumvise inzira ya filozofiya y'idini avuye i George Hegel, inkuru zo kuva muri Kanama ya Schledul. Aba ba shebuja bagize ibitekerezo bye. Ubwunganizi bw'Igice Umunyeshuri bwabereye i Göttiten.
Mu 1825, yakiriye umutwe wa muganga. Kugira ngo tubone impamyabumenyi, Heine yahatiwe kwakira Abalutelini, kubera ko Abayahudi badashobora kugira inyandiko ihuye. Ariko ntibyasobanuraga ko umusizi yahagaritswe n'ibitekerezo bye.
Inkomoko ya Heine yateje ibintu byinshi mubugingo bwe. Yarebye, nk'uko Abayahudi bahawe uburenganzira bukomeye mu gihe cy'Abafaransa, aho kuba bari bafite mbere. Hanyuma, nyuma yo kugaragara kw'ingabo za Prussiya mu karere ka Rhine, ibintu byose byasubiye mu ruziga, kandi amategeko ya Bure yanze ikibanza. Uburinganire bw'Abayahudi, bwatangiye kuri Napoleon, yarasenyutse, kandi byagaragaye mu gisigo cya Heine.
Kurema
Imirimo ya mbere ya Heine, yasohowe mu mahugurwa muri kaminuza ya Berlin, yabaye "Maur" Ballad, Minnezinger, "ijoro riteye ubwoba". Ariko na mbere, umwanditsi yatangiye gukora amagambo yerekeye urukundo. Imirongo ye yeguriwe mubyara wa Amalia, aho Henry Shilla atari impuhwe. Mu 1817, ikinyamakuru "Hamburg umuzamu" wacapwe bamwe muri bo, maze mu 1820 ikusanyirizo ry'imirimo y "ububabare bw'ubusore" bwasohotse.
Mu 1821, Henrich Heine yatangiye gutanga ibisigo byatangajwe mu kinyamakuru, ariko ntibukomeza kutita ku bateranye n'abanenga. Heinrich yari umusizi ukora cyane kandi akora ubudacogora. Bidatinze, ibyago "Ratcliffe" na "AlMmanor" byasohotse. Icyegeranyo cy'imivugo "Lyricazto" cyakururiwe inyungu z'umuryango w'ubuvanganzo kuri Heine. Ibisigo bye byasobanuye ibibazo by'imibereho. Kwigaragambya ku Bwami no gukandamizwa kw'Abayahudi byagaragaye mu murimo w'ubuhanzi.
Abakenguzamateka bari bakomeye kuri Henrich, nuko ahitamo kuva mu mujyi akajya muri Arabiya, ariko mubyukuri nagiye i Cuxwanini. Hanyuma asura Hamburg, Luneburg, Berlin na Göttiten. Ingingo ya nyuma y'urugendo yari Harz. Muri iki gihe, Heine yahuye na Johann Goethe. Mu myaka ya 1825, umusizi yarangije amasomo muri kaminuza, ashyiraho ibizamini bya nyuma, maze aba umuganga w'ubumenyi mu by'amategeko ku rugero rwa 3. Yagiye i Hamburg, aho yakomeje ibikorwa bye by'ubuvanganzo.
Inyandiko zumwanditsi ukiri muto igihe kinini ntizimye. Intsinzi ya mbere nini yaje kuri Heine mu 1826, iyo urumuri rwabonye ibyuma bye "urugendo rwo kuri graz". Noneho "inzira yamashusho" kandi uruziga "rusubira mu kimuna" barasohoka, kandi mu 1827 - "igitabo cy'indirimbo", cyunze ubumwe bw'imirimo yo hambere. Fleur Fleur, ibisobanuro byimpumuro byamarangamutima n'amarangamutima byatwaye abumva. Amarangamutima umusizi yasobanuye ibibera hirya no hino, atsindira abasomyi.
Mu 1827, Heine yahawe ubutumire ku mwanditsi w'iposita y'Ikinyamakuru "Amateka ya politiki" muri Munich. Igice cy'umwaka, umusizi yamaze muri uyu mujyi akajya mu rugendo mu Butaliyani, aho yazamuye ubutumwa bwerekeye urupfu rwa se. Heinrich yahatiwe gusubira i Hamburg, aho yasohoye ingano ya 3 ya "Amashusho y'urugendo" azenguruka maze ahitamo kwimukira i Paris. Mu myaka ya 1830, hari imvururu zu Bufaransa. Hano, impinduramatwara yari yuzuye yuzuye, yumvise afite igitekerezo cye.
Byoherejwe mu 1831 igitabo "Isoko Nshya" ku muhengeri w'imyambarire noneho abimuka, umusizi afite ishingiro i Paris. Mu Bufaransa, yazanye abantu baziranye na Herctor Berlioz na Chopic Chopin, urupapuro rwa Ferrenic na Teophyl Gautier, Alexander Duma-Mukuru hamwe n'abandi mico. Gukandamiza abanegura no kugenzura, kubarwa mu Budage, ntabwo byari bikomeye hano. Umusizi yasohotse mu gifaransa no mu kidage. Yatangajwe "ijoro rya Florentine", "Ishuri ryurukundo" n'ibindi bikorwa by'umwanditsi.
Umusizi umaze guhindura aho atuye, umusizi yakoze urukurikirane rw'ibintu byunze ubumwe muri "Imanza z'Abafaransa", no mu Muganwa rusange 1834 "ku madini na filozofiya y'ubudage", bishingiye ku biganiro byayo. Kubera ibitekerezo byumwanditsi kubyerekeye urugero rw'ubwisanzure bw'amadini ya Nazareyan na Ellinov, umurimo utegure kutemera abaturage.
Muri iki gihe, Gane yatangiye ingorane z'amafaranga. Yahatiwe gukoresha amafaranga y'abimukira. Ibihe bikabije byari amasezerano n'umunyamakuru wa Medie Julius, ukurikije uburenganzira ku mirimo y'umusizi bwahawe umukiriya. Ubufasha kuri Nyiraruma Salomo bwakosowe mu buryo runaka, ariko Heine yayoboye ubuzima bwe. Umusizi hamwe bigoye, nubwo atavuye kukazi.
Amacumbi mu gihugu cyabandi yatanzwe muri iki gihe bigoye. Hamwe nurukundo rwihariye kubanyarwanda, umusizi yanditse igisigo "Ubudage. Ubukonje. " Tosca kumyanda yatumye bishoboka kuzuza Bibliografiya ya Heine Isomero "Abasilasi boa", babaye ibitekerezo ku mugabo kwigomeka kw'abakozi. Ibitekerezo bya politiki ntibyamwemereye gusubira murugo.
Mu Bufaransa, gukusanya ibisigo byitwa "Bitandukanye" byasohotse, kandi mu 1840 umwanditsi yasohoye igitabo "kuri Bern". Mu 1842, yasohoye igisigo "Atta Trol", mu 1844 - icyegeranyo "ibisigo bishya". Muri kiriya gihe, Nyirarume Salomo yarapfuye, warazwe na mwishywa w'ifaranga ibihumbi 8. Mu 1851, barekuye igitabo cya nyuma cya Pychs Geene - "Romservo". Mugihe umwanditsi yayoboye akazi kumashusho ye bwite, yatangiye kwandika mu myaka ya 1840.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwa Heinrich Heine bwahujwe nibitabo, no guhumekwa, nk'umwanditsi uwo ari we wese, bazanye urukundo n'ubwiyumvo bahuye na we. Gushiraho amagambo y'urukundo mu myaka y'ubusore yasunitswe n'umukobwa wa nyirarume Salomo, Amaliya. Ibyiyumvo kuri mubyara ntabwo byari bisanzwe, umukobwa yashakanye n'umucuruzi kuruta umutima wa Hennich wacitse.
Mu 1835, Heine yabonye umugore uzaza wa Enzani Amahoro Cresil, Matilda yahamagaye. Isi yari hanze yabantu, ntabwo yari azi gusoma no kwandika ibyavuzwe inyuma yumwarimu wa Heine. Abakunzi babayeho mubukwe kubuntu. Heine yashimye ubuswa kandi bushishikaye bwa Matilda, bamuteganyirije mu nzu y'uwacumbikiye imyumbati mu mahugurwa kandi asura umukunzi we mu ntsinzi yabo, ndetse no ku ntsinzi nkeya.
Gushyingirwa hagati y'Umutsimetswe no ku isi byasojwe mu 1941. Inshuti ntiyumva uburyo Heinrich yashoboraga guhambira umugore ugaragara, ariko umwanditsi yari umwizerwa ku mugore we, nka we. Umusizi yishimiye ubuzima bwe buva mwisi, ariko abana mubukwe bwabo ntibagaragaye.
Umwaka umwe mbere y'urupfu rwa Heine, Camilla Serden yageze, umufana wo guhanga imirasire, yubatse iminsi yanyuma yubuzima bwe. Heinrich yarakundanye, ariko ntiyigeze ahura n'umugore we.
Urupfu
Mu 1846, Henry Heine yakubise ubumuga bw'umugongo. Mu musizi wa 1848 ku nshuro yashize akomeza umwuka mwiza, hanyuma ahinduka uburiri, bwitwa "matelas". Muri iyo ndwara, inshuti ze baramusuye: Onor de Balzac, Georgege, Richard Wagner. Umuvandimwe wumurongo wa nyina yari munzu ye hamwe na filozofiya karl Marx, kubyerekeye umubano nimugoroba utakekwaho igihe kirekire. Igitabo cy'ubukomunisiti, amashusho ye na cotes bicana ku mateka y'ibitabo, byasuye Heinrich kugeza mu minsi y'imperuka.
Heine yakomeje gutekereza ku gifungo cy'inzu akomeza gukora. Uwo mwashakanye yamwitayeho kugeza ku ya 17 Gashyantare 1856. Impamvu y'urupfu rw'umusizi yari indwara ndende. Yashyinguwe mu irimbi rya Moncemartra. Matilda yapfuye mu myaka 27. Bitandukanye n'uwo mwashakanye, urupfu rwarwo rwarababaje, isi yapfuye kubera gukubita ubuzima ako kanya.
Amagambo
"Urukundo ni iki? Ubu ni amenyo mu mutima. "" Nubwo intambara iteye ubwoba, azaba avumbuye ubukuru bw'umwuka w'umuntu uhagarika umwanzi ukomeye wo kuragira umurage - urupfu. "" Urukundo! Nibizaza cyane kandi byatsinze irari zose! Ariko imbaraga ze zose ziri kurwego rwubusa, ahantu hafi yubuzima. "" Ikintu kidasanzwe! Igihe cyose, abamurwanyi bagerageje guhisha ibikorwa byabo bibi no kwitangira inyungu z'amadini, amahame mbwirizamuco no gukunda igihugu. "Bibliografiya
- 1820 - "Urubyiruko rwababariwe"
- 1824 - "Loreley"
- 1826 - "Genda Kuri Harz"
- 1827 - "Igitabo cy'indirimbo"
- 1827 - "Inyanja y'Amajyaruguru"
- 1834 - "Ku mateka, idini na filozofiya y'Ubudage"
- 1841 - "Atta Trol"
- 1844 - "Ubudage. Umugani w'ubukonje "
- 1844 - "Ibisigo bishya"
- 1851 - "Romservo"