Ubuzima
Rena Magrite ni umunyeshuri w'Ububiligi, imirimo ye yuzuye ibisakuzo. Ihame rikuru ryo guhanga kwe kwari guhuza bidahuye. Magrite yari umuntu woroheje ubuzima bwe bushobora gufatwa nkuwa Kurambirana, ariko umurimo wumuhanzi uvuga ahari igitekerezo kinini. Renewe ubwe yashyizeho icyerekezo cyo guhanga kwe nka realivism yubupfumu kandi ntiyigeze ameze igihe yabarwaga kubaturage bakoronya. Imirimo yumubiligi izwi cyane isa nibyapa kandi uyumunsi irimo guhura numuhengeri mushya wamamare.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Izina ryuzuye ryumuhanzi - Rene Refcois Gilen Magritt. Yavutse ku ya 21 Ugushyingo 1898 mu mujyi wagabana mu Ntara y'Ababiligi. Yari imfura mu bahungu 3. Se w'abahungu, Leopold Magritt, yagize uruhare mu kugurisha imyenda n'idoda, maze nyina wa Regina akora nk'umuhimbano. Amaze gumara imyaka itari mike, umuryango wimukiye i Gilly, hanyuma mu gihe cyaturutse, aho Ree yabayeho kugeza mu 191.
Uyu mwaka wabaye impinduka muri biografiya yumuhungu. Yari afite imyaka 14 igihe nyina yarohabwa kubera impamvu zitazwi mu ruzi rwumujyi Sambre. Umuhungu yiboneye uburyo umurambo we wavanywe mu mazi. Mama yagerageje inshuro nyinshi kwiyahura no mu ntangiriro. Yakijije ubwitonzi bwa Data yitonze, iki gihe ntabwo cyari hafi.
Ibyago byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku myumvire yumuhanzi. Yahoraga ashakisha ibisubizo by'ibibazo byaravutse icyo gihe no mu mutwe, kandi atekereza kuri bo binyuze mu gushushanya. Ibyago byumuryango byakomeje kuba ibanga rya Magetete rimenyerewe, ndetse nuwo mwashakanye ntabwo yari abizi ako kanya. Rena yamye yishakinisha akanya gato, ariko akimara kwerekana, abahanga mu by'imitekerereze batangiye kugerageza gushaka mige idahari mu mirimo ye.
Gushushanya
Mu 1916, René Magrite yabaye umunyeshuri w'ishuri ry'umwami w'ubuhanzi bwiza i Buruseli. Umaze imyaka 2 yize mu myaka 2, umusore yavuye mu kigo cy'uburezi. Yabonye umuhanzi muruganda rwimpapuro. Uyu mwanya wa Magrite wigaruriye kugeza 1926.
Rene yashizeho ishusho ye yambere "yatakaje Jockey" muriki gihe. Umwanditsi we yafatwaga akazi neza. Ikarita Sentos yatanze amasezerano, nuko umuhanzi yashoboye gusiga akazi no kwibanda ku guhanga. Mu 1927, imurikagurisha rya mbere ryumukiza ryabaye. Ntiyigeze yishimira abaturage, kandi abasesengura bitwa amakosa batatsinzwe.
Magrite yagiye i Paris, aho yatangiye kuvugana na Andre Breton n'abandi bahanga. Kurambagiza bishya byagize ingaruka zikomeye gushiraho uburyo bwubuhanzi hamwe numyumvire yumuhanzi. Magtrite yahinduye imiterere ye, yari atandukanye n'ubusambanyi busanzwe. Umuhanzi ntabwo yakunze gukoresha psychoanalysise mubuhanzi, ariko yahisemo filozofiya yibisilozofiya hamwe na paradoxy yumvikana.
Nyuma yo guhagarika amasezerano hamwe na gallery Sentos Magrite yasubiye i Buruseli maze ashyira mu kwamamaza akingura hamwe na murumuna we, ibyo bikaba bibamo ubutaka bwamafaranga. Gushakisha bwa mbere guhanga kubahanzi byakozwe mu cyerekezo cya Futurism na Cubism. Ingaruka nini kuri Rene yatanzwe imirimo ya Fernan Leing Leing.
Igihe kimwe no gushiraho uburyo bwumwanditsi, Magritt yaje kumashusho ye akomeye kandi yimbitse. Intwari yakunze kuba umuntu mu ngoro y'ingofero, aho abanegura babonye ishusho y'ubwanditsi ubwe. Intwari yo mu ikoti yahise ireba abareba cyangwa bahisha mu maso. Ku nshuro ya mbere, yitabye abaturage mu 1926 ku ishusho "ibitekerezo by'umuheto wenyine."
Umunyamahanga uva ku mashusho yagaragaye ku nkombe y'inyanja, ku mihanda yo mu mujyi, ku misozi no mu ishyamba. Ashobora kugabanywa cyangwa kugwira, kuba umushyitsi woroshye cyangwa isura nkuru yumugambi. Mu mashusho umuntu ahari ari ingofero - "sosiyete ndende", "HorrOnda", "Mwana w'umuntu".
Muburyo busanzwe bwo guhanga amashusho manini: Apple, inyoni, kunywa itabi n'intwari, mu maso habo hakabasiwe n'umwenda. Abakenguzamateka babonye mu biranga ishusho ya entant ku gutakaza magike. Nyina ava mu mazi afite umwenda mu maso, akaba yarahatiwe cyane ku ruhu.
"Abakunda" - Ishusho, yerekana intwari zirambiwe na web. Yanditswe mu 1928. Inyandiko nyamukuru yibishusho iri mumagambo "urukundo Ssepa". Ariko abahanga mu by'imitekerereze basobanura kandi nkibisobanuro byo kwitandukanya numuntu, badashobora guhishura no mugihe cyumva urukundo. Abari aho, bize umurimo, baribukwa kandi imvugo ngoroga "itakaza imitwe y'urukundo." Iyi shusho yabaye imwe mu bikorwa byamenyekanye cyane by'umuhanzi wa Bruxel muri urwo rutonde.
Mu 1948, umurimo wagaragaye ku mucyo uwanditse yitwa "amashusho meza." Irerekana umuyoboro wo kunywa itabi hamwe no gusinya "ntabwo ari terefone." Kwiyambura ibintu bitangaje mu mashusho, umwanditsi yaje guhakana na gato, yerekana ikintu cyakundaga.
Nyuma yaho, umuyoboro wigeze uvugwa mu buryo bwa "amabanga abiri", yigana ishusho nyayo mu rwego rw'umugambi mushya. Magritete asa na magritete yakoze hamwe nicyatsi kibisi, yerekana imbuto kumashusho "Iyi ntabwo ari pome" mu 1964. Ishusho yacyo yagaragaye inshuro nyinshi mubindi bikorwa byamayobera byumwanditsi.
Ikirere nikimenyetso cyihariye mubikorwa bya machitt. Iyi shusho yakoresheje kenshi. Ijuru ryerekanwe n'Ububiligi ntabwo rimeze nk'ikindi kintu. Bigaragarira mu ndorerwamo mu kazi "Cosmogonia y'ibanze", ihinduka yuzuza inyuguti, ihinduka kuri Easel inyuma, nko mu ruhererekane rw'umuntu, kandi igaragara ko ari ahantu umuntu muri Kittelet ku ishusho "DedAlcomania". Inzu yabo ni ishusho yikirere mu "Ingoma y'Umucyo", n'ishusho "indorerwamo y'impimbano" igaragara ko irimo kuzuza ikigo cyakazi.
Uburyo bwo guhanga Rena Magritt burasa nkaho ari kimwe. Guhera no gukuramo, yashishikarije kwishyuza nyuma yo kumenyera imirimo ya George de Kiriko, uhuze gukuramo n'ukuri. Mu myaka y'intambara, Magritt yubahirije imyifatire, yagenewe abashinzwe kubashyikiriza.
Imurikagurisha ryegeranijwe muri iki gihe ryari mu buryo bw'amateka y'ubuhanzi yita "inka". Magrite niwe wambere wakoresheje amagambo mumashusho, yizera ko bafite kamere imwe namashusho. Ibintu nk'ibi kandi byakurikiza Joseph Kosot, washinze ibitekerezo.
Mu gihe cy'intambara, Magrite yahinduye ibara palette n'imiterere, urebye umwenda kugirango abantu baha abantu amahirwe n'ibyiringiro. Nyuma yo kurangiza imirwano n'umwuga, yagarutse mu buryo busanzwe kandi agera kumenyekana.
Magritt yakoromye mu Bufaransa, ariko akundwa muri Amerika, aho ibisekuruza byose by'abahanzi byatangajwe n'umurimo we. Mu 1954, imurikagurisha ry'imirimo y'umwanditsi ryabereye muri Amerika. Yumvaga umwuka wibihe kandi yari ibitekerezo byingengabitekerezo kubakozi ba minimaliste nibitekerezo.
Umuhanzi yasize inzira ntabwo ari mubuhanzi gusa. Amashusho yahimbwe kandi yatunganijwe na rena Magritt yakoreshwaga inshuro nyinshi mubukangurambaga bwibikona bigezweho. Umwigishwa yari azi gukora ishusho idasanzwe, nkuko yari afite uburambe mubyamamaza. Ntabwo yanditse amashusho, abizi ahindura intwari kubareba no guha amahirwe yo kwishimira kwibeshya.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu rukundo Rena Magritete yarahomye. Amaze kumenyana n'umukobwa w'umubatsi wo muri Charleroi, Georgege Berger, umuhungu yamaze buri gihe kandi yari mu rukundo. Uyu mukobwa yiboneye uburyo umuhanzi uzaza yahisemo umwuga kuri we. Igihe kimwe, azenguruka irimbi, babona irangi ryakozwe ku kazi, kandi Rena yiyemeza guhindura ubuzima.
Mu rukundo, abangavu bari mugufi bihagije. Ababyeyi b'umukobwa bimukiye i Buruseli barabatandukanya. Kugera muri uyu mujyi umwe ku kwiga, Rero yigeze guhura nuwahoze akundwa kumuhanda. Magritt yakoraga mu gisirikare, agaruka, arongora Georgette mu 1922. Yabaye Inzu Ndangamurage y'Umuhanzi, niko umwanditsi yanditse amashusho y'abashakanye.
Abashakanye ku giti cyabo barishimye. Byasaga naho ibyiyumvo bya Magritte ku mugore we ntibyari byoroshye. Ariko mu 1936, umuhanzi yatangiye gutekereza hamwe na Shelya, umwe mu bagize imikorere, maze uwo mwashakanye atangira guhura n'umuhanzi Paul Colin. Mu 1940, Magrishs yongeye kuba hamwe.
Umuryango wabaga munzu yoroheje i Buruseli, ntabwo yinjiye mwisi kandi ntagendera. Renya gake yasuye umuhanda. Shebuja yakoraga mucyumba cyo kuraramo gahunda ikomeye yumunsi kandi buri gihe yaje kumeza saa sita. Abana bombi ntibatangiye. Hariho impamvu nyinshi, harimo guhungabana mu mafaranga. Ariko abanini bari bafite imbwa yakundaga, umuhanzi yajyanye na cinema. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umuryango Rena rwateye ubwoba.
Urupfu
Rena Magritt yapfuye ku ya 15 Kanama 1967. Impamvu y'urupfu ni kanseri ya pancreas. Mu minsi ya nyuma y'ubuzima, yakoraga ku ishusho "ingoma y'umucyo", ariko ntiyigeze ibaze kumurangiza mbere y'urupfu rwe. Umuhanzi yashyinguwe mu irimbi rya Scareb i Buruseli.
Uyu munsi imirimo y'umwanditsi yagaragajwe i Buruseli, mu nzu ndangamurage yeguriwe umurimo we. Hano herekanwa amashusho, firime zakozwe hakurikijwe ibitekerezo byumuhanzi, ifoto ubuzima bwawe bwose bwikibazo nigishushanyo. Mu iduka riri imbere mu nzu ndangamurage ushobora kugura indabyo zitaboneka mu Burayi.
Gushushanya
- 1928-1929 - "Verkiary y'Amashusho"
- 1928 - "Abakunda"
- 1933 - "Imiterere yo kubaho kwabantu"
- 1937 - "KIBUKA BIBUKA"
- 1951 - "Icyerekezo gisada Remient"
- 1961 - "Barricades y'amayobera"
- 1964 - "Mwana w'umuntu"
- 1966 - "Amabanga abiri"