Ubuzima
Basse Kiton numukinnyi wumunyamerika uzwi kwisi ya cinema nka "comic itamwenyura." Kumenyera umuhanzi ku mpinga y'umwuga byagereranywa n'ibisabwa Charlie Chaplin. Ati: "Isura y'amabuye" ya firime yo gucecetse muri Amerika, Caster Kington yashimishije abantu nta majwi n'amajwi no mumaso. Umuhanzi woroheje kandi ushishoza ahatira abaturage gutaka.
Yari ukuri, umukinnyi, Umuyobozi n'Umuhanzi nyawe wa Epoki wa firime. Umwanditsi wa Kiton ni firime "Sherlock-jr.", "Navigator" na "Jenerali". Mu 1960, yakiriye Oscar y'icyubahiro kubera uruhare yagize mu iterambere ry'i cinema.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Izina nyaryo ry'Urwenya - Joseph Frank Kiton. Yavutse ku ya 4 Ukwakira 1895 mu mujyi wa Pikou wo muri Amerika i Kansas kandi yari imfura ya Joseph Kiton na Mira Butler. Abana babiri bagaragaye nyuma mu muryango.
Se yari afite agapira ka Stray witwa Mohawk Sosiyete y'Abahinde, aho yavuganye na Duet hamwe n'umugore we. Yabyinnye, akora imibare ya Acrobatic kandi yerekanaga etudes. Mama yagize ku bicuragira, harimo na Saxofone, byari bike muri kiriya gihe. Isosiyete yakozwe na magici izwi cyane Harry Hudini.
Nibyiza ko ari HUDI, inshuti yumuryango yazanye izina ryibibanza. Umuhungu amaze kugwa ku ngazi kandi arokoka mu buryo bw'igitangaza, kuba umupfumu watoranijwe. Yatangaye ati: "Mbega bisi!" Bisobanura iki ngo "ibi ni ibisingizo!". Kuva icyo gihe, Kitton Junior yari izina rya bateri.
Ubuzima bwe buva mu kigori bwuzuye ibintu bitangaje: Yaje kuba muri epicenter y'umuriro, yananiwe kunywa inzoga ku rutoki, yasuye impanuka ya gari ya moshi, yakomerekejwe n'umutwe mu myigaragambyo ndetse no yinjiye muri tornado. Amahirwe ya taper arashobora kugirirwa ishyari.
Umuhungu wavukiye mu muryango w'ubuhanzi, umuhungu ntiyashoboraga kwirinda ibintu. Imyenda ye yabaye mu myaka 3. Basse yitabiriye icyumba yitwa "3 Kiton" hamwe n'ababyeyi be. Papa amujugunye muri nyina, amayeri ya Acrobatic yarangiye kugwa kandi yishimisha abumva, kuko umuhungu yagumye atuje.
Abaturage basanzwe binubirwaga no gufata nabi abana ku bayobozi n'imigambi y'abakozi b'umuhungu, ariko bacira imanza mu biti Kiton, ntabwo yigeze agira ibyiyumvo bidashimishije. Yakunze abantu baseka kandi yishimira igitaramo. Nyuma yigihe, igikundiro cyatangiye kwandukura se, washimishije rubanda Mimican, ariko umuhungu we yari mubi. Noneho umusore araza afite ishusho nshya: ubu ntiyigeze agaragaza nabi ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose, kandi byagize ingaruka.
Film
Mu 1917, ababyeyi ba Kitin baratandukanye kubera urukundo rwa Data anywa inzoga. Imburi yahagaritse kugaragara ku rubanza rw'ababyeyi, ariko abasha kubona uruhare muri stade ya Broadway hamwe no kunyerera. Umuyobozi yishyuye $ 250 buri cyumweru. Ubufatanye bwimbuto bwahagaritse kumenyana numusetsa uzwi cyane wa Rosca Arbacl.
Muri kiriya gihe, umuhanzi yafatwaga nkisegonda nyuma ya Chaplin. Ameze nka benshi, yizeraga imbaraga zubumajiya ya cinema. Rosca yatanze igitekerezo cyo kwitabira gushakisha muri firime ngufi "Umufasha wungirije". Tape yagiye muri ecran mu 1917 iratsinda.
Itariki yakurikiye izindi mashusho 14. Umwuga wo gutangira wahagaritse guhamagarwa ingabo. Mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, Kitton yabaye umukozi w'igabana n'imbunda maze yoherezwa mu Bufaransa. Yagarutse mu gihugu cye mu 1919, yongeye gutangira kwishora mu bucuruzi akunda kandi akorana n'inshuti. Imishinga ya Nyiricyubahiro bombi yakusanyije yakusanyije kashi nini.
Mu 1920, Isumari yahisemo kugerageza ingabo mu muyobozi. Akazi ka mbere kari firime "Balda" hamwe na Berti Elstin. Igihe Arbuck yimukiye mu gufata amashusho comene, nuko Kitin ayoboye sosiyete Joseph Schoak. Guhagararaho no gukora cyane byafashijwe gutanga imishinga itanga intsinzi.
Ikibaho hamwe ninyuma yakoraga kuri kamera no imbere yacyo. Abakenguzamateka bagaragaje ko bigaragarira hamwe imirimo inoze muyobozi no gukora. Mu 1921, kaseti ya "Theatre" yasohotse kuri ecran, aho Kiton yerekanye ingaruka zidasanzwe. Bitandukanye n'imigenzo, Umuyobozi wakoreshejwe amashusho yimuka yo gufata amashusho hanyuma akaba udushya.
Isosiyete "Raporo ya Comedan", yayoboye, yahinduye izina yerekeza mu kwitwa "Baster Kitin Epedance", yari afite umubare muto mu banyamigabane. Nta nyandiko zanditse muri studio, kandi umugambi wa Cannon wari ugizwe n'umuyobozi mugihe cyo gufata amashusho. Gigs na Gutezimbere byari ishingiro ryamashusho ya kiteton. Abakora ntabwo bahagaritse kurasa kumunota, ntukicuze film.
Kitton yakuyeho firime 2 ku mwaka, no mu 1923 atangira gukorana na metero yuzuye. Imyenda muri iki cyerekezo yari filime "ibinyejana bitatu", Parody y'ishusho "kutoroherana" byo mu 1916. 1924 Yerekanye sinema kaseti 2. Iya mbere yitwa "Sherlock Jr." kandi isobanura inkuru ya Mechanic ya film itemba ku mirimo y'amayere. Kiton yakoze mu nshingano zakurikiyeho kandi akora amayeri. Gukomeretsa kw'ijosi byakiriwe iyo kurasa byagaragaye nyuma yimyaka 10.
Kaseti ikurikira "Navigator" yabyaye. Nyuma ye, Imburi yabaye icyamamare nyacyo. Umushahara wacyo wiyongereye ku bihumbi 3.5, kandi umukinnyi yabonye inzu ihenze mu misozi ya Beverly. Mu 1927, Kitton yakuyeho "Jenerali", ishusho y'intwari z'intambara y'abenegihugu. Iyi filime ni ishusho nziza yo gutandukanya ibintu bisekeje. Ikora amayeri adasanzwe hamwe no kwikunda, afata abumva hamwe nubuhanga butari bworozi buranga muri chaflin.
Reba udushya kubishushanyo, umwuka wubushakashatsi, ubushakashatsi n'amashusho menshi kandi azimya amakadiri - ibi byose byatandukanije firime za bashen. Umwihariko wa tekiniki watanze umuyobozi imbere yabanywanyi mu rugamba yo kwitabwaho kubaturage. Ibyerekeranye no kohereza ibicuruzwa binyuze mu kiraro cyaka muri Kitton Ikiguzi cya Kitton ku bihumbi 42 z'amadolari.
Gufatanya na "Basse Keaton Producenz", mu 1928 umukinnyi atanga ishusho ya nyuma ya "Produpr Bill Jr.". Joseph Shank yagurishije imigabane ya Metro Galdlen Mayer, maze Kititon yaretse kuba umuyobozi wubuhanzi. Muri icyo gihe, "umukoresha wa firime" yarekuwe kuri ecran, abitswe uburyo bwo ku ntera ya bashes, ariko ubukwe bukurikira bwa kaseti "Ubukwe bwakurikiyeho" bumaze kuba fiasco.
Kuri iyi ngingo, urumuri rwabonye firime yambere yumvikana. Ibi byakinwe kurwanya comic. Mu 1933, Sitidiyo yamennye amasezerano. Umuyobozi yarokotse ubutane kandi ashaka ihumure muri alcool. Hanyuma urugendo rw'iburayi rwakurikiranye, nyuma yo kugarura gukira. Isosiyete "Metro Galdlen Mayer" yatanze amasezerano ya Katon nk'umuyobozi wa gag. Kandi yongeye gutungurwa nubushobozi bwose.
Mu 1938, Kiton yabaye umuyobozi w'ubuhanzi ya sitidiyo inizewe kandi arekurwa mubenegihugu bake b'ubwenge bari bafite bashya bafite ubutsinzi bunini. Buhoro buhoro bwongeye kuba icyamamare cyari kugabanuka. Mu 1949, umuyobozi yatangiye gukora kuri tereviziyo, yakinnye mu kwamamaza, yabaye inyenyeri yatumiwe ya TV nyinshi. Mu 1949-1951, Urwenya yafashe ibitaramo "Baster Keaton comedy yerekana" na "Basse Kiton Yerekana". Abanyezi baramwibutse kandi bashimira cyane impano y'umukinnyi.
Mu myaka ya za 1960, Kitton yongeye kugaragara ko ari inyenyeri ya televiziyo. Amashusho ye yazumijwe n'imyenda "ku isi iminsi 80", "uyu musazi, umusazi, isi yabasazi" nabandi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Bashen's Kiton yashoboraga kwitwa asous. Ntiyitaye ku byamamare bye, maze ahitamo mu buryo butunguranye. Niba umuntu yatangiye kuba inshuti ya Kiton, ubukana bwihuse bwatangiye inshuti nshya. Umubano w'urukundo hamwe nabakinnyi bakinabuto byabashije. Yakuruwe nabakobwa basanzwe nitsinda rigufi. Yagiye mu mugore kandi ashimishijwe n'abagore bose hirya no hino. Urwenya rwari rwiza, kandi umubiri weguma muri ubwo buryo ushimira amayeri ya acrobatiati.
Bassege yakunze baseball, yahisemo intungamubiri zishyushye mugitondo kandi ntiyigeze zitanga ikiganiro.
Mu 1921, gushaka gushinga ubuzima bwite, Kyton yashakanye n'Urubyiruko Natalie Tolmaj. Ubukwe bworoheje bwashyizeho intangiriro yo kurema umuryango. 2 Abahungu barabyakiramo: Yozefu na Robert. Umugore we, abana n'ababyeyi bayobowe ku ishusho "ubwakiranyi bwacu". Buhoro buhoro, kubara neza muri couple yaje kurangira.
Nyuma yo kuvuga, Natalie yerekeye kurangiza ubuzima bwabo bwimbitse, ikuge yatangiye guhinduka. Gutandukana nuwo mwashakanye byarangiye hamwe no kuzunguruka no kwihuta gushyingirwa hamwe numuforomo mei skreven.
Impumyi zikurikira ntizasize igitekerezo cyinshuti zabakinnyi, bidatinze yibaza amafaranga. Kugeza 1934 nagombaga kongera gutangiza akazi gashya no gusubira kumafaranga 100 na sasita. Nyuma yimyaka 2, Sauna yahukanye numugore wa kabiri.
Ibintu byamuhatiye kuvugurura imyanya y'ubuzima, imyifatire ku bagore, abakinnyi n'amafaranga. Ababuranyi hamwe numukino muri Bridge babaye umunezero we gusa. Umwe muri bo, Kiton yahuye na Elenanor Norris, ufite imyaka 21. Mu 1937 ubukwe bwabo bwabaye.
Umukobwa yashoboye gusubiza umukinnyi mubuzima. Abateze amatwi n'umuryango wabigize umwuga bibutse kuri Kitin. Ubukungu bwa Eleanor hamwe n'amafaranga yo kwiyongera yabatemereye kugura inzu, urugwiro rwagarutse gushyikirana n'abahungu n'abuzukuru bagaragara.
Urupfu
Kuba umukinnyi arwaye kanseri y'ibihaha, ntabwo yakekwaho kugeza ku minsi ya nyuma y'ubuzima. Indwara yabaye nk'urupfu. Kiton yakomeje gukora kugeza kunishongora kwa nyuma, kandi ibimenyetso by'indwara bifata bronchite. Urupfu rw'inzu ye mu maboko y'umugore we ku ya 1 Gashyantare 1966.
Kwibuka urwenya numuyobozi urwenya numuyobozi, amafoto yateguwe na filime ya cornocarte yagumye. Ibisige ntiyigeze amwenyura muri kaseti iyo ari yo yose usibye filime "Koni-Ikirwa", cyasohotse mu 1917.
Abakenguzamateka baracyagereranya Bastera Kiton na Charlie Chaplin, basesengure mugenzi wabo mu gikwe cya Piyani na Vialiste, Umuriro Ramp, Golf Umas, "inyenyeri imbere y'amaso yawe." Bahujwe n'amarushanwa akomeye, umubano ushyushye hamwe n'inzira nini muri sinema basigaranye bakora no kuyobora akazi.
Filmography
- 1917 - "UMUNYWA WIFATANYIJE"
- 1920 - "Scarecrow"
- 1920 - "Icyumweru kimwe"
- 1922 - "Amajyaruguru y'uburasirazuba"
- 1924 - "NAVIGATOR"
- 1924 - Sherlock Jr.
- 1927 - "Rusange"
- 1928 - "Bill Bill Jr."
- 1928 - "Kameraman"
- 1952 - "Amatara ya Rampa"
- 1956 - "Hirya no hino ku isi iminsi 80"
- 1963 - "Uyu wasaze, wasaze, umusazi, wasaze isi"