Ubuzima
Vyulul Klyuchevsky - Umuhanga mu by'amateka akomeye w'Uburusiya, wabayeho kandi akora mu gihe cya XIX-XX. Ubuzima bwe ni urugero rwibikorwa bidasanzwe kandi bigira intego. Iyimavu izamuka hepfo ikandika uruziga rwa societe yize, yagize uruhare runini muri siyanse.Mu mbatso ya Kltuchevsky - Kurema amateka y '"mu mateka y'Uburusiya" mu bice 5 aho ashyira imbere igitekerezo cyo gukolonizwa n'Ubukoloni nk'iterambere ryamateka. Ibikorwa bya siyansi by'Amateka, umuyoboke wa autocracy, ntabwo yahawe hafi ibihe by'Abasoviyeti, gusa mu Burusiya bwa kiloga bigezweho bigaragara mu gusobanura gushya.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Vesily Osipovich Klyuchevysky yavutse ku ya 16 Mutarama (28 Mutarama.
Klyuchevsky yabayeho mu buryo bworoheje, niba atabivuze - umukene. Kandi igihe yari afite imyaka 9, umuryango kandi habaye igihome gikomeye - cyapfuye giteye ubwoba. Yasubiye mu rugo avuye ku isoko ry'umujyi maze yinjira mu nduhiro rikomeye: amafarashi yangije igare, umugabo yatakaje ubwenge, yazimiye amazi. Yabonye neza ko wasanze umurambo wa Data no guhungabana igihe kirekire ahinduka akabari.
Hasigaye nta musawi, Klyuchevsky yimukiye i Penza, aho binjiye mu kubungabunga diyosezi ya FZA. Bamwe mu ncuti za Data babasize inzu nto, imfubyi n'umupfakazi barazamuka. Yatangiye kwigira mwishuri ryumwuka. Ariko kubera sundust, ibikoresho byamahugurwa ntibishobora gutsinda, intangiriro yakatiwe gukuramo ubumwe.
Umubyeyi wihebye woroheje umunyeshuri umwe gukorana numuhungu we. Kandi nubwo ingimbi yakoranye igihe kinini kandi arinangiye, ibisubizo byagereranywa nigitangaza. Umusore Klyuchevsky ntabwo atsinze gusa, ahubwo yabaye umuvugizi mwiza. Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi y'ishuri, mu 1856 yinjiye mu iseminary yo mu mwuka. Yagombaga kuba umupadiri kuko yari ku bikubiye muri diyosezi.
Ariko, mu mwaka ushize, Seminarian yakoze igikorwa gitinyutse - imbonerahamwe ishyirwaho kubera "ubuzima bubi." Mubyukuri, umwanda yiyemeje kwinjira muri kaminuza ya Moscou, umunyeshuri we ahinduka, yatsinze inzitizi zose, mu 1861. Umusore yahisemo ubuhanga bwamateka ya filologiya.
Amateka
Ubuzima bukaze bwa Metropolitan kandi butinya umunyeshuri w'intara icyarimwe. Yagerageje gufata ku ruhande rw'uruziga rwa politiki, imyigaragambyo n'indi myidagaduro ". Klyuchevsky yakoze nk'umurezi wo kugaburira bashiki bacu na mama. Mu 1864-1865, umusore yarangije amasomo muri kaminuza. Akazi ke n'umukiranyi yari izina ry '"umugani w'abanyamahanga kubyerekeranye na leta ya Moscou" kandi yinjiza. Abahawe impamyabumenyi bahawe umudari wa zahabu yasigaye mu ishami mu ishami ryo kwitegura kumiramu.
Imyitozo ya Shebuja Klyuchevsky yeguriye insanganyamatsiko idasanzwe kandi ishimishije "ubuzima bwa kera bw'Abarusiya bw'abatagatifu nk'isoko y'amateka." Umuhanga mu by'amateka yakoraga mu mirimo y'imyaka 5, yigaga ubuzima bugera ku gihumbi, akora ubushakashatsi kuri 6 bwa siyansi. Nyuma yo kurengera neza mu 1871 yahawe uburenganzira bwo kwigisha muri kaminuza.
Aho ukorera umuhanga mu by'amateka ukiri muto ni ishuri rya gisirikare rya Alexandre, aho yigishije inzira y'amateka magara, asimbuza umwigisha mushya wa Sergei SoloVyov.
Mu gihe babaye ibiganiro mu ishami ryamateka mu ishuri rya tewolojiya ya Moscound no ku masomo y'abagore b'ikirenga, kandi kuva 1879 - muri kaminuza ya Moscou. Impano ya ortuchevsky mugihe cyimyaka yumurimo ni umuyobozi gusa: Inyigisho asoma afite ishyaka, ikusanya abanyeshuri imigezi, ndetse bakanahagarara kumurongo. Umuhanga mu by'amateka agira ingero zitunguranye, mbogamizi ingingo zemewe, zugurumana amagambo na aphorisms, muzima kandi basubiza ibibazo.
Mu magambo ye, umwarimu yatunganije galeries zose z'amateka, harimo amashusho y'abami b'Abarusiya. Urugero, amagambo ye acika yerekeye Umuzango Elizabeth Petrovna na Catherine II, igihe umuhanga mu by'amateka abonye ko "kuva Petero akomeye, ibitangaza byinshi byimukiye ku ntebe y'u Burusiya." Mubyukuri, Klyuchevsky yabanje gutangira kuvuga abahagarariye ubwami bwu Burusiya nkabantu basanzwe badafite impungenge zintege nke zabantu.
Mu 1882, Vopovich yarwaniye impamyabumenyi ye ya dogiteri "Boyarskaya Duma Uburusiya bwa kera" maze aba umwarimu w'ibigo bine by'amashuri. Ibyagezweho n'icyubahiro by'umwarimu ukiri muto ntibirengagijwe ku bantu ba mbere b'igihugu.
Mu mpera z'imyaka 1890, imirimo myinshi y'amateka yanditswe: "Umurongo wa Ruble w'Abanyamerika wa XVII-XVIII. Ku byerekeye ubu "(1884)," Inkomoko ya Serfdomu mu Burusiya "(1885)," Evgeny Onegin na basekuruza "(1887) n'abandi.
Kuva mu 1893 kugeza 1895, Klyuchevsky yigishije amateka y'Umwami w'abami Alexandre wa Alexandre wa III - Igikomangoma gikomeye George Alexandrovich. Muri iyi status, yari afite aho Mugenga wa Nyagasani, yari hafi y'umuryango wa cyami, yari muri sosiyete yabo. Nubwo akazi gakomeje, hakomeje gukora imirimo yubushakashatsi, bitanga amahirwe yo "gutanga amafaranga magufi kumateka mashya", igitabo cya gatatu cya "Bonar Duma wuburusiya bwa kera".
Mu 1900, umwarimu wari umaze gusura urwego rw'umuyobozi w'ishami ry'amateka na pfilologiya wa kaminuza ya Moscou, Visi-Recteur wa Kaminuza, ndetse n'umuyobozi w'Uburusiya, ndetse n'umuyobozi wa kera w'Uburusiya, kandi yatorewe muri Ishuri rya siyansi rya siyansi.
Intangiriro yikinyejana gishya yaranze gutangaza imirimo ikomeye ya Kuevsky "mu mateka y'Uburusiya" mu bice 5. Turashobora kuvuga ko iki aricyo gikorwa cyubuzima bwe: Gutegura igitabo cyagiye mumyaka 30.
Muri yo, umwarimu atezimbere icyerekezo cyamateka ane yamateka: DNIPROVSKAYA RUS (ishingiro ryubukungu - Ubucuruzi), Imbaraga Nkuru yaguye ku gikomangoma), Imbaraga z'abami na Boyar Duma), Uburusiya bw'Uburusiya (Umutungo utegeka - Abanyacyubahiro, iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'umusaruro).
Mu 1906, Klyuchevsky asiga igitabo cyumwuka, aho yakoraga imyaka 36, nubwo imyigaragambyo yabanyeshuri. Noneho mwarimu asoma inyigisho ku ishuri rya Moscou yo gushushanya, biteye ubwoba kandi ubwubatsi, aho abamwumva bari abahanzi benshi bafite impano.
Vasily Osipovich yasize inyuma ntabwo ari bibivy gusa, ariko kandi ibisekuruza byose byabanyeshuri batangaje bari abahanga bakuru b'amateka. Muri bo, Pavel Milyakov, Matlay Lubavsky, Alexander Kizhevetter, Mikhail Bogoslovsky, Sergey Bakhrushin.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu mpera z'imyaka 1860, mu buryo bugaragara, bimaze kuba umwarimu mu ishuri rya Gisirikare, bituma intambwe za mbere mu buzima bwe bwite, ritangira kwita kuri Anna Borodina - mukuru w'umunyeshuri we. Ariko Ana yanze kurandura umuhanga mu by'amateka, gushaka kwitangira mwishyyi w'imfubyi.
Mu buryo butunguranye, Klyuchevsky kuri bose mu myaka 1869 yashakanye na mukuru wa Anna - Anice, icyo gihe icyo gihe yafatwaga nk'abakobwa. " Yari afite imyaka 32, kandi yari akuze afite imyaka 3, ariko ntabwo yari afite ipfunwe na Klyuchevsky.
Abayo mugihe umuhanga kure yubutare bwa kera bwubwiza bwumuntu, kumutirira isura ya paruwasi: isura idasobanutse, imvugo idasanzwe, isura nto. Ariko byari bikwiye ko umugabo ahambira ikiganiro, nka charma ye idasanzwe yagaragaye.
Amahanga Klyuchevsky avuga ko abashakanye batwaye ubwuzu nyuma yubuzima bwose. Ariko Anice ntabwo yabaye hafi yumuntu wumwuka kuberako osipovich. Ariko hamwe na bashiki be - Anna n'ibyiringiro - Klyuchevsky yashyigikiye inzandiko zo kwiringira.
Ariko Anice Mikhailovna yita ku buzima, inzu n'ubukungu, kuko muri ibyo bibazo, nk'abahanga mu bya siyansi, nk'abahanga mu bya siyansi, abo bashakanye bari batishoboye rwose. Abashakanye bazamuye umuhungu w'ikinege wa Boris, barangije kaminuza ya Moscow bafasha Se mu bikorwa bye bya siyansi, nubwo atari afite icyifuzo kidasanzwe.
Nanone, mwishy Elizabeth Kornev yakuriye uburenganzira bw'umukobwa we kavukire wa Porofeseri mu muryango. Umukobwa mu 1906 arubatse kandi bidatinze apfa avuye Chakhotka. Nyuma yimyaka 3, Anice Mikhailovna yapfuye - Umugore yapfuye giturumbuka mugihe kimwe cyo gutembera murusengero.
Urupfu
Kuri Klyuchevsky, urupfu rw'umugore we rwabaye inkoni, nyuma yo gukira. Umuhanga n'umwarimu w'indashyikirwa wapfuye ku ya 12 Gicurasi (25 Gicurasi, muburyo bushya) bwo 1911 i Moscou kubera uburwayi bwaciwe. Imva ya Osipovich iherereye ku irimbi rya Don Monasteri.
Kwibuka umuhanga mu by'amateka w'Uburusiya mu 1991, inzu ndangamurage y'inzu ye yarafunguwe. Imurikagurisha riherereye mu nyubako y'urwibutso aho kumurikira. Muri uwo mwaka, bust hamwe na plaque yafunguwe mu mudugudu kavukire wa voskresenovka. Ku ya 11 Ukwakira 2008, urwibutso rwa Vasilia Kuznetsova rwashinzwe i Manza.
Amagambo
"Kuba abaturanyi ntibisobanura kuba hafi." "Kugira ngo wishime bisobanura kutifuza kubona ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose." "Kuvugishije ukuri ntabwo ari ugutekereza cyane." "Axioma ni ukuri Ibimenyetso ntibihagije. "Bibliografiya
- 1866 - "Delactave y'abanyamahanga kubyerekeye Leta ya Moscou"
- 1871 - "Ubuzima bwa kera bw'Uburusiya bw'abatagatifu"
- 1872 - "Impaka za PSKov"
- 1878 - "Umugani wibitangaza bya Vladimir Agashusho ka Nyina wImana"
- 1880 - "Boyarskaya Duma Uburusiya bwa kera"
- 1885 - "Inkomoko ya Serfdomu mu Burusiya"
- 1887 - "Evgeny Onegin na basekuruza"
- 1890 - "Abagize Abahagarariye Katedrali ya Zerstvo yo mu Burusiya bwa kera"
- 1904-1922 - "Mu mateka y'Uburusiya"