Amateka y'inyuguti
Breolt Brecht ni umukinyi mwiza wikinyejana cya 20. Yanditse imirimo yigenga, nyuma yakiriye amoko kuri statike. Imyitozo na TheOrist, Brecht yateje imbere igitekerezo, hagati muri yo yari theatre ya epic. Dukurikije PlowWright, ikinamico kigomba gutangaza, kandi ntizigaragare, kwiyambaza ubwenge, ntabwo ari ibyiyumvo byabantu. Iri sezerano ryerekanye mu gicupa cyabaye kera cyane ku isi: "Uzamuke mukecuru", "Bwana Putila", yagize ati "gusura umukecuru."
Umuyobozi Brechtu ni uw'igitekerezo cy '"ingaruka zo kungurana ibitekerezo", birimo kurema urukuta hagati y'abareba n'abakinnyi, mu gihe cy'ibikorwa bihinduka imiterere nyabagendwa. Umwanditsi w'icyitegererezo yasabye kwerekana ubwoko rusange kandi asobanura ibyabaye bitateganijwe, akangura akazi k'ubwenge, isura y'umwanya wabwo n'ubushobozi bwo gusesengura imyumvire. Yagereranije ibi impuhwe za kera, hagaragaye kugaragara ku bareba, nk'uko bya kera babivuga, niyihe ntego nyamukuru yo kwerekana imikorere. Igitabo "Igitekerezo cya Epic Theatre" gisobanura ibitekerezo bya Srecht kuriyi.
Amateka yo Kurema
Ikinamico "Mamash Ubutwari n'abana be" byanditswe na brecht mu 1939, ku ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Premiere yo gukina yabaye mu 1941 i Zurich. Noneho iryo tangazo ryateguwe na Umwanditsi w'ibanze ku cyiciro cya "Berliner w'irigomwa" cyaremwe na we. Amahame y'ikinamico ya Epic, yatangajwe nk'Ubundi buryo bwa kera, yishyuwe mu mikorere. Amakuru ya reformator na Revolution, Brecht yabonye ubuhanzi bw'ikinyomo nk'inzira yo gushiraho ubwenge bwo mu ishuri.
Ikinamico "Mamash Ubutwari" yasobanuye ibyabaye mu gihe cy'intambara y'imyaka mirongo itatu, byabaye mu kinyejana cya 17. PlayWeght yakoresheje ibintu bizwi kugirango birebire umugambi wo kuburira abareba gusubiramo amasiganwa meza. Urebye uko guceceka n'ubudahemuka bijyanye na politiki y'imbaraga zigezweho ni "nto" ntoya "yateje imbere umwanya wa Leta, ushishikazwa kwibagirwa kutitaho ibintu.
Isura nyamukuru yo gukora umukino yari umugore witwa Anna Firtan. Urugendo rwabaye izina mama mama mama maze banyura munzira za gisirikare muri van, yuzuye ibicuruzwa byingenzi. Isosiyete yakozwe n'abana: abahungu babiri n'umukobwa w'ikiragi. Brecht yerekanye ishusho yumugore murufunguzo rutunguranye. Anna yakoze umuntu ukize ugerageza kungukirwa mugihe cyintambara. Kuri we, imibabaro yabantu, inzara n'ubukene ntabwo byari ngombwa. Ibintu byose yitayeho ni amahirwe yo kwerekana.
Umugambi wo gukina ugira ingaruka ku myaka 12, aho ubuzima bwimico nyamukuru bwahindutse bidasubirwaho. Intambara yatwaye abana, aragwa, ahindukira hanze, ariko ntiyatakaza ishyaka ryabo ryahoze. Yahimbaza intambara yo kumuha umugati, ubutwari bwa Monf nta mfashanyo yinjiza imodoka ye n'ibicuruzwa.
Brecht yitaye ku bushakashatsi bwuzuye bw'ishusho ya heroine nyamukuru. Amashusho meza yumugore yatunganijwe no kubyara hamwe nibyishimo byubuzima bidahuye numuyoboro wubucuruzi, cyane cyane urwenya. Imico nyamukuru yaganiriweho n'abanegura n'abanyamagato b'ubuhanzi nk'ibintu bishya mu bitabo by'Abadage n'ikinamico. Binyuze muri iyi mico, Brecht yashakaga kugeza kubateze amatwi igitekerezo cyubushishozi, hasigara urugero rwa herneine mumaboko ye.
Abanegura batuye mu makinana kubera gukora ishusho idasobanutse yubatswe ku moteri yihebe. Kugerageza kubaho byishyurwa n'intambara, Mama kurazh azana igitambo cye cy'abana.
"Momesurt Ubutwari n'abana be" - umurimo wabaye urugero rw'ibihe bya kera. Akenshi gushirwa n'abayobozi bateza imbere politiki y'impinduramatwara, badatinya guhangana na kanoni za Leta na teriket. Umukinnyi uzwi cyane mu ruhare rw'ingenzi rw'abagore mu bitaramo ku buvanganzo bwakozwe na Elena Waygel, umugore wa Bertol Belet. Ikinamico yari asabwa mu Burusiya mu gihe cy'intambara kandi akenshi yagaragaraga mu kindi gitabo cya Teatical mu gihe cy'Abasoviyeti.
Bwa mbere i Moscou, Nikolai Okhlopkov, wakoraga kuri Theatre ya Moscou yitiriwe Mayakovsky amaze kwinjizwa ku mirimo ya brecht. Mu 1960, Premiere yo gukina yabaye, uruhare runini muri Epedith Glizer yakozwe. Imikorere yitwaga Coarse kandi ihindagurika, yahuriranye n'ibigo by'imirimo y'Abakinnyi b'Ubudage.
Ikinamico myinshi kuri ikinamico ntabwo cyuzuyemo Umwuka. Bafite Ibyahishuwe bike, barahamagara baramagana. Akazi ni umurimo wa Mark Zakharov muri Teatre ya Moscou ya Satra, aho Tatiande Peltzer yavugaga mu ishusho ya Mamashi.
Abayobozi ba bigezweho bakunze guhindukirira akazi ka Srecht. Mu ba producers bazwi cyane bakoraga ku rugamba, rwabaye urugero rwiza rw'ikinamico ya Srect: Alexander Morphov, Yuri Butungov na Valery Phukin.
Umugambi
Igikorwa mu kazi karagenda mu gihe cy'intambara y'imyaka mirongo itatu, aho Ubudage bwagize igihe kinini cyo gusuzugura, byatumye ibyago by'igihugu. Mu 1642, ingabo zakusanyirijwe, zoherejwe n'ikitero cyagabwe kuri Polonye. Abashaka akazi umwanditsi atangiza umwanditsi agereranya abumva abantu nyamukuru. Mama ubutwari, hamwe nabana, azerera mumihanda, kugurisha skarb yoroshye. Umwe mu baziranye baremeza umuhungu kwifatanya n'ingabo, kandi umusore witwa Eilif akura imodoka ya Mali Malakattika.
Guhura numusore ufite umuryango ubaho nyuma yimyaka ibiri. Umuhungu Momyashi Ubutwari bukuze kandi yishimira agaciro cya gisirikare, yari aherekejwe namaraso n'ibitero. Nyuma yimyaka itatu, umuhungu wa kabiri wa Mamashi Ubutwari bwaba umubitsi mukigo cya Finilande, kandi yabonye akazi keza. Muri kimwe mu bitero by'abagatolika, bigeze mu butaka, aho umusirikare ahagarara, ubutwari bw'Abaluteriyani bihinduka mumodoka ye, akingira isanduku y'ubutegetsi.
Umuhungu we wa kabiri wa Schwairsherskas afata abagatolika bakomeye. Kuzigama umwana, ubutwari bwiteguye gutamba ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'utu mu butegetsi, ariko ntibura cyane: umusirikare yajugunye mu mugezi, igihe yabonaga kwiruka. Umurambi w'i Busuwisi wiciwe, kandi ubutwari bwoherezwa ku mpande mu Burayi. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, umwami wa Suwede yiciwe munsi ya Lutenan, kandi igihe runaka umunyamabanga arashya. Nubwo ibintu byatangiye kugabanuka, ubutwari bwishimiye ko atabuze abandi bana.
Isi izana ibibazo byumuryango we bitarenze intambara. Ikidindiro gishaje cya mwene Eilifa mu minsi myiza cyafatwaga nk'icyaha, kandi feti iherutse kuyobore kurasa. Intambara iratangira. Ubutwari, mubujiji bwurupfu rwumuhungu wa kabiri, birakomeza urugendo mumodoka ishaje.
Nyuma yimyaka 16, intambara yanze abakozi bose bafite amafaranga nubumuntu. Ubutwari no guteka, icyogajuru cye, inuma. Bukwi na bukwi, nyirabukwe w'ubutwari bwa Mamashi haza ibaruwa yari afite umurage muto mu buryo bwa resitora. Intwari yahamagaye umugore hamwe na we ubwe, ariko uko azasiga umukobwa. Ubutwari bwanze kandi hamwe n'umukobwa we Katrin bagenda mu Budage muri gari ya gisirikare. Kuri imwe mu zihagarara ya Catherine, umutwe wumvise gahunda y'abanzi, bitera ubwoba ubwoba, kandi bwiciwe. Mama ubutwari bwongeye gutangira mumuhanda.