Ubuzima
Ku muco wa Bashkiria, ishusho ya Salavat Yulaeva, ni kimwe n'abarusiya - ishusho ya Ilya Muromets. Umufatanyabikorwa wa Emelyan Pugacheva, umusore, yakorewe mu bakira ingabo ze mu myaka 20, atari umuntu w'amateka gusa, ahubwo yanabaye umugani. Nubwo Batyr n'umusizi barwanaga mu gihe kitarenze 2 maze bahura n'urupfu i Katonga, batamufite, umuco wa Bashkir wasa n'awe.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Nta makuru yukuri atanga kuri biografiya yo hakiri kare salavat yulaeva. Itariki yavutse ku ya 16 Kamena 1754 yashinzwe mu magambo ye iyo abajijwe: Mu myaka ya 1775, Pugachev, urugendo rwihishwa rwa Sena yamenyesheje inteko y'ibanga ko afite imyaka 21. Uko ukwezi kandi nyuma byatangiye gukoresha hagati yumwaka. Kazoza intwari izwi cyane yavukiye mu mudugudu wa Teraevo Shaitan-Kudevshaya akarere k'intara ya Orenburg. Noneho ubu bwatuye ntabwo bubaho - Umudugudu wasenye ingabo za leta mugihe uhagarika imyigaragambyo ya Pugachev.
Salavat yavuye mu muryango wubahwa: Se yakoraga n'umutware w'abasirikare mu ngabo z'Uburusiya, nyuma ashyirwaho umusaza w'umuhigo. Yulay Aznalin yari umusirikare mwiza no mugihe cyo kwiyamamaza muri Polonye arwanya abashyigikiye ishyirahamwe rya bark bakiriye banneri nto ya gisirikare nkigihembo. Nyuma, mu 1773, umugabo yatangaga ibendera rya Salavat, basimbuye se adahari nk'umutwe w'umusaza.
Yulay Aznalin ntiyari azi gusoma, ariko umuhungu we yatanze amahirwe yo kwiga. Ntabwo bizwi neza aho nuburyo Salavat yize: Ahari mumashuri yidini ya kisilamu, wenda uko abigisha bigenga. Ariko, umusore yatojwe gusoma no kwandika, azi ururimi rwa Turkiya, kandi ntiyumva afite ibibazo by'Uburusiya. Kuva kuri Data, umusore yashishimuye kumwihaza ko ubutabera n'urukundo akorera igihugu cye ndetse n'abantu be. Nyuma yaho, niwe rwose yari umusore kuruhande rwinyeshyamba maze ahitamo iherezo rye.
Intambara y'abahinzi irazamuka
Igihe EMELYAN Pugachev yazamuye imyigaragambyo maze atangira intambara y'amahoro, abamushyigikiye bayoboye ubukangurambaga mu ngabo za Bashkir. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ku ya 10 Ugushyingo, 1773, Salavat Yulaev, hamwe na SALAAVECHMED yo ku ya 1.200, ntabwo yarwanyije ingabo zo kwiyitirira "Petero wa III", zimukira iruhande rwe. Se w'intwari y'Ene nayo yarakoze.Umusore yizeye abikuye ku mutima inkomoko y'ibwami ya PAANDAV n'ubumwe bw'amategeko ya "amategeko ye", akurikije ibyo Bashkiram yinubiye isi no kubaho ngo kubaho bakurikije kwizera kwa kisilamu. Mu ibazwa, Salavat yavuze ko ibihuha byamugeze ku byerekeye kwezwa kwa "Mugenga", ariko inyeshyamba ntiyizeraga.
Kuva mu Gushyingo kugeza mu Gushyingo kugeza hagati Ukuboza, hamwe n'ibindi bigometse, uwo musore yitabiriye intambara, aho yakomeretse akigaragariza urubura: Pugachev yabyaye muri Chin Coloneli. Ukwezi kumwe muri Berd Centre yari agenewe ishuri rya gisirikare rya Salavat: yakiriye uburambe ku kirwa no gusobanukirwa kwa nyuma, kuki n'impamvu abantu bakeneye iyi myigaragambyo.
Kuva ku ya 1773 Ukuboza kugeza 1774, Salavat yari iherereye mu majyaruguru yuburasirazuba bwa Bashkiria, aho yari asanzwe asanzwe, nk'intumwa z'ingabo za Pugachev. Yakoranyije interineti y'ivugana 800, maze havugwa ko havuzwe umushahara - usibye Bashkir, Mishary, Chuvashi, Tatars yarwaniye mu nzego z'inyeshyamba. Igihe kirenze, abigometse benshi bo mu turere ba Bashkir bifatanya na Salavat abantu. Muri Werurwe, umusore, utaravunika amabuye ya 3, yabaye imbata zikomeye.
Muri Mutarama, ingabo za Pugachev ziyobowe na Salavat Yulaeva Shumed Kungur - Kugerageza imishyikirano y'amahoro ku bayobozi zatsinzwe, kandi byafashwe byemejwe no kujya mu kigo cy'ubuyobozi ku ngufu. Icyakora, intsinzi y'inyeshyamba ntabwo yagegezeho: Abakomanda babuze uburambe ku ntambara, kandi uko babona ko ingabo za Pugachev zari zifite intege nke. Salavat ku rugamba yakiriye imvune igoye, ariko muri Gashyantare yagarutse mu gikorwa kandi arwana n'ingabo nyinshi hamwe n'ingabo za Alexei Obernibesov na Alexey Papava.
Agarutse i Bashkiria, umuyobozi w'ingabo wari ukiri muto yafashe neza urwego rwa gisirikare rw'ingabo za Emelyan pugachev, rwagendaga mu gihome cya rugneti. Abanyamafarasi bo muri Salavat ubwe yari basanzwe bafite abantu bagera ku bihumbi 4 muri iki gihe, kandi ku mutwe w'iri ngabo, umusore yinangiye kurwanya Liteutenant Colonel Ivan Mikhelson. Muri Gicurasi, abatavuga rumwe na leta bahuye inshuro eshatu mu ntambara, kandi ingabo z'inararibonye Mihelson yemeye ko ingabo z'abanzi zateguwe neza, kandi komanda wabo ahinduka ikariso kabuhariwe.
Muri Kamena 1774, ihuriro rya Salavat ryifatanije n'ingabo za Pugachev, kandi inyeshyamba zarwanaga n'abantu Michelson. Nyuma yaho nyuma yuko umwanzi yamenetse, ariko Emelyan Ivanovich yibukije igihe cyo kubazwaga, ntibashoboraga gutsinda hamwe na miselison, urebye "." Ku ya 5 Kamena, Pugachev yashyizeho Salavat Abanyeshuri bo mu ngabo, kandi se aba Ataman nyamukuru kandi akora imirimo mbonezamubano kandi akora imirimo mbonezamubano mu muhanda wa Siberiya.
Nyuma yo kurwana, Pugachev yimukiye i Kazan, kandi burigadiye akira nyuma yakomeretse cyane, yoherezwa mu Ntara ya UFA. Ngaho, Salavat yongeye kwishora mu gushyiraho ingabo, kandi yagenzuye ihenze hagati ya Yekaterinburg na UFA - byari urubuga rwingenzi. Muri Kanama, ingabo z'Abagadier Pugachev zimukiye i UFA, ariko, nubwo igitero cyateguwe neza, nticyashobokaga gufata umujyi - ingabo za Leta zaje kuba umunyamwuga kuruta mu mibanire.
Hagati muri Nzeri, ubucuruzi bw'inyeshyamba bwabaye mubi - ingabo za Pugachev zakubise, Emeltan ubwe yafashe, kandi igihangano cya Ivan Karpovich Ryleybov yoherejwe ku gutandukana kwa Bashkir muri UFA. Liyetona Colonel ya Ryleev inshuro ebyiri ingabo za Salavat, ariko na nyuma yo gusenya ingabo z'ingenzi, yanze kwiyegurira.
Ingabo ze zashoboye guhangana na Bashkir Brigadier hamwe n'abasigisigi b'ingabo ze gusa mu gihe cy'izuba rirangiye: 25 Ugushyingo, 1774 Inyeshyamba zaravunitse mu misozi ya Karatau. Salavat Yulaev yarafashwe, kandi se yigenga azana umusore kandi yishyingurwa ku bushake.
Kurema
Abayo mugihe Salavat Yulaeva ntabwo ari umurwanyi gusa, ariko nanone nkuko umusizi. Imirimo ye yiyeguriye igihugu cyabo kavukire, abantu, idini no kwizera - byose byari ishingiro ryubuzima. Kugeza iminsi yacu, umurimo wukuri wa Salavat ntiwaje. Ntibishoboka gushimangira neza imirongo yuyu munsi ivuga ko imirongo imwitwa imirongo, mubyukuri byanditswe kuri salavat mu malaev, kandi ntabwo byanditswe muri salavat ya Yulaev, kandi ntabwo ari igice cya Bashkir Misry ibisigo. Ariko, we ubwe yabaye ibisigo - Ishusho ya Battr Salauate yabaye umuntu wingenzi wicyitegererezo cyimyambaro yo mu kanwa kandi yanditse ku ngero za Bashkir.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Dukurikije ibyangombwa, Salavat yari ifite abagore 3, kandi ishyingiranwa rimwe ryabaye imbaraga - uwo mwashakanye n'abana be barazwe umuzi mukuru wa mukuru we. Abana bonyine ba Pugachev bari bafite 2 babiri. Amazina nyayo y'abagore ba Salavat ntazwi, ariko hari ibitekerezo byerekana ko izina ryabo ari Amina, Zulech na Buranbic.
Mu migani yerekeye ubuzima bwite bw'umusizi, Ikirusiya mukundwa Mikhailovna rimwe na rimwe bivuga, wabyaye umuhungu wa Salavat. Nta bimenyetso byerekana. Ahari umugambi wavumbuwe kugirango ushimangire igipimo kimwe cyintwari kubwenegihugu bwose.
Byagendekeye bite umuryango wa Salavat nyuma yo gutabwa muri yombi no kwamagana Roseman, ntibizwi. Ndetse na mbere yuko ifatwa, abagore be n'abana bafashwe bugwate kandi bazanwa i UFA, ariko iherezo ryabo ntirivugwa ahantu hose.
Indi ngo ibanga rya Salavat Yulaeva ni isura ye. Inyeshyamba zashushanijwe inshuro nyinshi ku bishushanyo, ariko ni imbuto z'abahanzi fantasy. Amakuru yose yerekeye uburyo Bashkir Pugacheva ya Bashkir Pugacheva, akubiye mu biro by'Intara y'intara ya Wofi mu ntara i Katoga. Ku bwe, Salavat Yulaev imyaka 21 yari impuzandengo y'iyo myaka myinshi yiyongereye - hafi cm 162, yari ifite amaso yirabura n'umusatsi, amazuru yashenyaga.
Katorga n'urupfu
Nyuma y'iperereza ku mibereho myinshi, 15 Nyakanga 1775, Salavat Yulaev na Yulay Aznalin bakatiwe igihano cy'umubiri na Caterga ihoraho. Data n'Umwana wakiriye ibiboko 175. Iki gice cy'igihano cyagabanijwe: Abagabo bakiriye 25 muri buri kintu cyakorewe aho imirwano yakozwe. Nyuma yibyo, Salaavatu na Julia bambuye amazuru kandi bakaranze, bashyira ibimenyetso muburyo bw'amabaruwa ", B" na "na", bisobanura "umugambanyi".
Mbere yo kohereza Katorga, byaragaragaye ko Uwa Martyn Martyn Suslov yakoze akarengane: abagizi ba nabi batekereza ko abagizi ba nabi batekerezaga amazurunuti, na Yella yari afite ubukorikori budacogora. Suslova yarahanwe, kandi amazuru ashimishijwe yahishuwe n'abakatiwe, ibikomeye byakosowe kandi nyuma yo koherezwa i Katori, mu gihome cya Baltique Rogervik.
Amakuru yukuntu Salavat Yulaev yakoraga interuro, mubyukuri oya. Nk'uko urutonde rwabikatiwe ku ya 19 Gicurasi 1797, harazwi ko Julay Aznalin yari afite ubuzima bukomeye kubera imyaka ndetse na zing, kandi yabibwe afite imyaka 45 yari afite ubuzima bwiza. Nubwo bimeze bityo, ku ya 26 Nzeri 1800, Salavat Yulaev yarapfuye. Impamvu y'urupfu ntizwi.
Kwibuka
- Opera "Salavat Yulaev"
- Ballet "Umusozi Eagle"
- Filime "Salavat Yulaev"
- Urwibutso - Bust of Doight Umuringa muri Paldini, Esitoniya
- Urwibutso rwa Salaavatu Yulaev muri UFA, Uburusiya
- Inzu Ndangamurage ya Salavat Yulaeva mu mujyi wa Salavatsky Akarere ka Bashkortostan