Ubuzima
Kurangiza igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel, wahoze ari Perezida wa Leta wa 2002, wahoze ari Perezida wa Amerika, wahoze ari Perezida wa Amerika, Jimmy Carter mu gihe gito yaje kuva mu gisirikare, umucuruzi na Senateri na nyir'umuzungu wuzuye wa White House. Umutegetsi warokotse intambara y'ubukonje kuva muri Ussr hamwe n'imikino Olekori yo mu mpeshyi ya 1980, yahawe isuzuma ryiza mu buryo buhebuje nyuma yo kwinduta kandi ubu ni umuyobozi wa politiki wa politiki arew mu mateka ya Amerika.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bwa James Earla Carter - Umuto yatangiye ku ya 1 Ukwakira 1924 mu mujyi muto, uherereye muri Jeworujiya. Mu miterere y'ejo hazaza, hari abantu bazwi cyane nka Richard Nixon, Bill Gated, washinze kaminuza ya Cornell Thomas Cornell hamwe na kimwe mu bimukira bya mbere by'Icyongereza, ba nyiri ipamba n'inganda.
Se wa Demokarasi ya Demokarasi yishora mu ishoramari mu buhinzi, bufite ububiko kandi yayoboye neza gutunganya ibihugu byose no guhinga ibishyimbo. Mama yakoraga nk'umuforomo mu bitaro byaho, nyuma yimyaka 13 nyuma yaje kubona uko ikigo cyita ku murwayi cyitiriwe Lillin J. Carter.
Usibye Yakobo, umuryango wa Carter wabyaranye abana batatu ababyeyi bazenguruka igihugu kandi batura mu muryango w'Abanyamerika w'akarere ka WEBSTE. Umuhungu yabaye inshuti nabaturanyi b'ubwoko bwijimye kandi bakorana n'ubwana, gukura ibishyimbo ku mugambi we wa hegitari 1.
Akiri muto, Jimmy yiganye mumashuri yisumbuye no mumashuri yisumbuye, nubwo ibipimo ngenderwaho bya physiologique (uburebure bwa cm 175, uburemere 73 kg), yakinnye mumakipe y'urubyiruko kuri basketball. Kurota kwaba abumva Ishuri Rito rya Anapolis, mu 1941, umusore Carter yatangiye kwiga ushinzwe ubumarani muri rimwe mu mashuri makuru ya Jeworujiya, hanyuma akomeza kwiga mu kigo cy'ikoranabuhanga cya Atlanta.
Mu 1943, umusore yageze kuri ibye kandi arengana imyaka 3 mu kigo cy'uburezi ashingiye ku mari ya Amerika. Kwerekana ibisubizo bya 60 mubikorwa byamasomo, Jimmy yakiriye impamyabumenyi ya siyanse n'umutwe wa Michmana wo muri Amerika Navy.
Mu myaka 2, umusore ukiri muto yakoraga mu nyanja ituje kandi atlantike, hanyuma yimukira mu mazi ya USS pomfuret no mu ntera ya Liyetona yigize uruhare muri gahunda y'iterambere ry'imitambire ya kirimbuzi.
Mu 1952, Carter ari inzobere mu reactors amato yoherejwe Washington, aho yitabiriye mu gusana mu zihutirwa Canada ntangarugero NRX na amatwi ingendo ibiganiro ku bubasha kirimbuzi. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa se hagati ya 1953, Jimmy yavuye muri serivisi asubira muri Jeworuji kugira ngo akomeze kandi agagura ubucuruzi bw'ubuhinzi bw'umuryango.
Politiki
Umwuga wa politiki wa Carter watangiye mu myaka ya za 1960 muri Jeworujiya. Kuba umunyamuryango ukomeye mu baturage baho, nyir'ubucuruzi bw'Abanyamisoni yayoboraga muri Sena na nyuma yo guhura n'uburiganya bwa demokarasi bwatsinze amatora 1962.Kubera kwifata mugukemura ibibazo bitavugwaho rumwe, Jimmy yabaye umuyoboke w'itegeko rikomeye kandi atera itumanaho mu nta njyanganyije na demokarasi. Yari umuyobozi wa komisiyo yo gutegura iterambere rya Leta kandi akorana inkunga yo gukwirakwiza imishinga mibereho n'imishinga rusange kandi kubera gahunda yo kwaguka muri kaminuza, yabanje kwinjiza abahagarariye Repubulika.
Nyuma, Carter yerekejwe na Komite ishinzwe uburezi kandi, amaze kugera ku butegetsi bukomeye bw'inzego z'uburezi zaho, yinjije abatora kandi bagashyira imbere abatora kandi bashyira imbere umukandamu we ku mwanya wa Guverineri Jeworujiya.
Ikigeragezo cya mbere nticyatsinzwe no gutsinda, maze Jimmy asubira mu buhinzi atangira gutegura ubukangurambaga bwo mu 1970. Ahindukirira inyigisho z'ivugabutumwa, uwahoze ari Senateri yabaye umumisiyonari w'idini kandi yiga kuvuga ko umwe cyangwa irindi tsinda ry'abatora bifuzaga kumva.
Ibisubizo by'uko by'imyitwarire byari intsinzi ku bahagarariye Repubulika, nyuma Jimmy yavugaga kuri politiki y'ivangura kandi atsinda imitima y'abaturage b'abirabura ba Jeworujiya.
Ku biro bya Guverineri, Carter yashinze uburenganzira bw'abaturage n'abaha Abanyamerika b'Abanyafurika ku kazi mu mashami ya Leta n'imibereho. Hanyuma akora ivugurura ryibigo byuburezi kandi agerageza guhagura ingengo yimari hagati yishuri kubatuye abakire nabakene.
Mu 1972, umuyobozi wa Jeworujiya yakoze disikuru rusange, yabaye intumwa ya kongere ya demokarasi kandi igerageza guhitamo aho abagize abaharanira inyungu z'abanyamerika bagize kugira ngo bagire ijisho kugira ngo bitabira amatora ya perezida.
Umutimanama wa Official wa Carter wabaye kuri club yigihugu ya Washington yigihugu ya Washington ku ya 12 Ukuboza 1974. Kandi nubwo abo mukorana Imana bashidikanyaga ku mahirwe yahoze ari guverineri, Jimmy yatsindiye icyiciro cya New Hampshire, maze ahabwa inkunga yuzuye ya Hampshire kandi yakiriye inkunga yuzuye ishyaka ry'ishyaka rimwe.
Ku mezi 9 y'amatora yabanjirije amatora, Carter yari hejuru ya gusohoka maze yinjiza ubutoni bw'umurenge w'itangazamakuru ryabanyamerika. Abenegihugu bo muri Amerika bizeraga ko bishoboka gukora ikigo gishinzwe kurengera umuguzi, uburezi butandukanye no gushyira umukono ku masezerano yo kugabanya intwaro ya kirimbuzi na USSR. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Carter yatsinze amatora mu matora na 29 ya Perezida wa Amerika.
Gutangira inshingano z'umukuru w'igihugu, Jimmy yagerageje gutunganya politiki y'imbere ya Amerika no kugabanya ubushomeri no kugabanya ifaranga. Ariko, ibyo byifuzo ntibyari byambitswe ikamba, kandi igihugu cyakubise ikibazo cy'ingufu, gikurikirwa no gutinda mu mikurire y'ubukungu no kwiyongera kw'ibiciro bya peteroli.
Imbabazi zidashira kubantu barumirwa no guhamagarwa na Vietnam, kuvugurura uburezi no ku buzima, ndetse no gushyigikira abahagarariye rubanda bato n'imibonano mpuzabitsina ndetse n'ibiyobyabwenge, byabaye ibihe byiza by'Inama Carter.
Muri politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga, Perezida wa 39 yagize uruhare mu mibanire na Kanada no gucika intege mu ntambara y'ubutita hamwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti. Amasezerano yo kubuza intwaro zifatika, mu 1979, Carter yazanye amasezerano y'ishuri-2 asomana azwi cyane n'umuyobozi wa USSR Leonich ilyzhnev.
Ariko, "Ubucuti" hagati y'abayobozi b'imbaraga za kirimbuzi ku isi byakomeje amezi make gusa kandi amaherezo barahagarara igihe Abanya Soviet bahagaritse akarere ka Afuganisitani. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amasezerano yashyizweho umukono ntabwo yubatswe na Kongere, n'abakinnyi b'Abanyamerika bambaye imyenda ya Moscou ya 1980.
Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoIndi ntambwe ya politiki y'amahanga ya Carter ninziza yo gukemura amakimbirane ya Araba: Isiraheli, kubera amashyaka arwana yagiranye amasezerano ku masezerano kandi ategura amahame yo kubana mu burasirazuba bwo hagati.
Nibyo, gutsinda kwari igitonyanga mu nyanja yamakuru mpuzamahanga no murugo rwa perezida wa Amerika. Ibisubizo by'amategeko ye byagaragaje neza ko kumenyekanisha kugerageza kunanirwa n'ibihe by'urukwavu, aho umutwe w'urukwavu wagerageje kurwanya inyamaswa ipfundikiye inyamaswa.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubukangurambaga bwo kongera kwiyongera mu manda ya kabiri ntabwo yazanye amashusho y'intsinzi yifuza, kandi yatakaje intebe umukandida wa republika Ronald Ronald Reagan. Ku ishusho y'umuyobozi uriho wa Amerika, ibintu byaravutse hamwe n'umunyamerika uhagarariye muri Irani n'ikiruhuko cyo gutabara neza, kizwi ku izina rya "Orlin", cyari gifite imatina mbi.
Ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro
Nyuma yo gutsindwa mu matora ya perezida, Carter yasubiye muri Jeworujiya kandi kuva 1981 atangira kwishora mu bikorwa rusange. Hamwe na kumwe n'umugore wahoze ari umuyobozi wa Amerika yashinze umuryango udaharanira inyungu, intego yacyo yagombaga kuzamura imibereho yabantu mubihugu birenga 80 byisi.
Jimmy akorana na Epury Ubushakashatsi bwigenga, Jimmy yagize uruhare mu gukemura amakimbirane ku isi yose kandi ateza imbere ingamba za demokarasi zigamije gushimangira uburenganzira bwa muntu no kuzamura ubukungu ku isi.
Imbaraga za Carter mu 1994, Amerika yemeye ko muri Komite y'Amajyaruguru ku bukonje bwa gahunda ya kirimbuzi, hanyuma abakozi ba Centre bahoze ari perezida bafashije abavuga rumwe na Isiraheli na Palesitine kugira ngo bamenyekane kandi mu 2002-2003 kugira ngo bakureho a amasezerano asanzwe yisi.
Mu 1995, Jimmy yashyize ikiganza cye ngo akemure ikibazo cy'urugomo mu karere ka Afurika y'ibiyaga bigari kandi yagize uruhare runini mu mishyikirano ku masezerano ya Nairobi hagati ya Uganda na Sudani.
Turabikesheje ibi, ibindi byagezweho byinshi, Carter yabonye izina nka diplomate yatsinze kandi mu 2002 ahabwa igihembo cyamahoro yitiriwe Nobel "ku bijyanye no gushaka ibyemezo by'amakimbirane mpuzamahanga no guteza imbere demokarasi n'uburenganzira bwa muntu ..."
Muri 2015, Jimmy, mu rwego rw'intumwa, "basaza" basuye Moscou maze bavugana na Vladimir Putin na Sergey Lavrov na Ukraine.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu rubyiruko rwa Jimmy Carter yashakanye n'umukobwa witwa Ruth Rosalin Smith, none abashakanye bafite abahungu 3, umukobwa 1, abuzukuru 1 n'abuzukuruza. Mu myaka yashize y'ibikorwa bya politiki ku buzima bwa buri muntu bwa Perezida wa 39, abanyamakuru bize cyane. Ukuri gushimishije kwari ubucuti bwumuyobozi wumunyamerika hamwe numugani wa rock hanyuma uzunguze Elvis Presley, kwibuka byakomeje kuba ibitabo byibuka namafoto yimbitse.Gusangira nishyaka ryumugore we bwo kuroba, tennis na siporo yimvura, Carter yashoboraga kwiringira inkunga ye murugo no kukazi. Muri Nyakanga 2016, umugore wa Carter yavuze ko isabukuru yimyaka 70 y'ubukwe ndetse n'amasomo yemeye imyaka yemeye ku ruganda ruzwi cyane rw'Abanyamerika George na Barbaru.
Nibyo, mbere gato yikiruhuko, umwuka wa kavukire yerekeye uburwayi bwumutware wumuryango. Muri 2015, nyuma yo gukora ku mwijima, ku wahoze ari perezida wa Amerika yasuzumye umwijima n'ubwonko bw'ubwonko bwo muri Melanoma. Kugirango uhagarike leta yubuzima, Carter yatsinze inzira yimikorere yimirasire no kwakira imiti ya imyumbati.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2015, Jimmy yasohoye imvugo yemewe maze avuga ko imiti yamfashije, mu gusiba kwa nyuma kwa muganga nta kimenyetso na kimwe cya kanseri ntiyabonye ibimenyetso bya kanseri.
Jimmy Carter ubungubu
Mu myaka yashize, Carter kubera ubusaza yatakaje ubushobozi bwo kubaho ubuzima bwa politiki bukora. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, akomeje kugirana ibitekerezo bijyanye nibikorwa byumuyobozi wumunyamerika uriho Donald Trump.
Mu mpeshyi ya 2019, perezida wa 39 wa Amerika yabaye mukuru mu baturage ba Muryango bazima maze akubita inyandiko yo kuramba, yari mu mwaka wa 94, George Bush - Umukuru.
Ibihembo
- Umudari "Kubukangurambaga bw'Abanyamerika"
- Umudari "kuri Service y'igihugu"
- Umudari w'icyubahiro w'ikirwa cya Ellis
- Umudari wa Perezida
- Gutumiza ikamba (Ububiligi)
- Gutumiza neal (Misiri)
- Ukuboko kwu ruzi mu rwego rw'uburenganzira bwa muntu
- Urutonde rwa Vasco Nuniz de Balboa (Panama)
- Urutonde rwa Libetor Sa-Martin (Arijantine)
- Igihembo cy'itiriwe Isi (2002)