Graham Green - Ifoto, ubuzima, ubuzima bwite, butera urupfu, ibitabo

Ubuzima

Umwanditsi w'indashyikirwa mu Bwongereza Graham Icyatsi yaje mu bitabo byinshi kuva mu itangazamakuru. Niyo mpamvu uburyo bwiza, bufatika bwo guhanga. Icyatsi cya Green gifite imbaraga, nacyo, ni ngombwa. Ntibitangaje kubona uwanditse afatwa nk'ibitabo by'icyongereza kuva yanditse igicaniro cye cya mbere kizwi cyane "imbaraga n'icyubahiro". Kumenyekanisha bidasubirwaho imirimo y'umwanditsi, hamwe no gutoranya ibitabo bye, harimo n'abagambanyi na Oscar, nk '"umuntu wa gatatu," nyuma y'igitabo cy', "yabaye imihindagurikire y'ibitabo bye.

Mu bwana n'urubyiruko

Henry Graham Icyatsi cyavutse ku ya 2 Ukwakira 1904 i BerkhamSese, Intara ya Hardfordshire County, Ubwongereza. Padiri Charles Henry Green - Umuyobozi w'ishuri ryihariye. Mayeyo Raymond Mama - Umugore wo mu rugo, yazamuye abana batandatu (icyatsi - kane).

View this post on Instagram

A post shared by Shaun Patrick Hand (@shaunpatrickhand) on Mar 20, 2019 at 11:07am PDT

Ababyeyi b'icyatsi bombi babaze kuri babyara. Kandi marion na we yari mubyara wa mukuru wumwanditsi uzwi Robert Lewis Stevenson. Rero, gene yubuvanganzo yari iy'umuhungu mumaraso. Akiri umwana, yasomwe n'imirimo ya nyirarume, ndetse no ku yandi manota atangaje, harimo no kwandikwa na Henry Haggard na Joseph Conrad.

Umubano n'ababyeyi i Graham wari utoroshye, kandi, nubwo bavandimwe na bashiki bacu benshi, ntabwo baretse kwigunga, yandikaga mu bitabo inshuro nyinshi ivuga ku "kumva urubura mu mutima." Umubano w'ingimbi ntiwakoranye na bagenzi bacu: Icyatsi cyize ku ishuri, cyari kiyobowe na se. Iyi niyo mpamvu yo kwitandukanya nabasore bigana, byongeye, ndetse nabatangiye gukora abarimu bashinyagurira kubera ishingiro ryayo no kwishimisha ibisigo.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Ibi byose byahaye Graham, kandi yagerageje kwiyahura. Ibyiyumvo bibabaje byukuri mubuzima bwe bwose bizakurikiranwa numwanditsi, no kugerageza kumutongana, azatangira muburyo bwose no mu bihe bya Amen, bizemerera gushyikirana ibintu byiza by'ubuvanganzo guhanga.

Mu 1922, umusore wo kurinda Data yinjiye muri Bailliol - Ishuri Rikuru rya Oxford, aho yiganye n'abahagarariye ane bahagarariye ibitabo by'Ubwongereza IVLAN. Nkumunyeshuri, usezeranye cyane mugukora ibishya kandi birasohoka. Mu bitabo bya Oxford, isubiramo, ingingo, imivugo n'inkuru zisohoka.

Itangazamakuru n'ibitabo

Mu 1925, umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yarangije kaminuza, maze mu 1926 yimukira i Nottingham, akora nk'umuyobozi wungirije mu kinyamakuru nating Jannal. Muri iki gihe, icyatsi gihinduka Gatolika. Uyu mwanditsi wanditse asobanura ibi:"Nabwirijwe gushaka idini ryisukuye ibyaha byanjye."

Bidatinze, umusore yimukiye i Londres, atondekwa hamwe n'umunyamakuru w'ikinyamakuru Ikinyamakuru, hanyuma umufasha wa Muhinduzi. Muri uyu mwanya, ikora kugeza mu 1930, kugeza aho yavuye mu itangazamakuru. Impamvu yabyo niyo yatsinze igitabo cya mbere icyatsi "Umuntu imbere" (1929).

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Intwari y'imirimo y'umwanditsi - Francis Andrews, umucucuru ukiri muto urwanya abadayimoni b'imbere (urwango kuri Data, Imbaraga zirenze urugero). Bahatira umusore kuzana inshuti, basunika iyicwa ryakundwa kandi amaherezo babiyahura. Andrews, nkuko kunegura kwandika, prototype yinyuguti nyinshi zumwanditsi.

Mu ntangiriro z'imyaka 30, umwanditsi asohora igitabo cy'abapolisi "Istanbul Express", aho ibitabo by'ibitabo byatangiriye, kandi muri rusange kumenyana na hafi na sinema. Mu myaka myinshi (1932-1940), yakoranye n'ikinyamakuru "Porogaramu" maze yandikira ibiganiro birenga 500 kuri Filime. Kugeza mu mpera za 30s, umwanditsi akora byinshi. Yasuye Liberiya na Mexico, ibyatangaje bimuwe mu bitabo "urugendo rudafite ikarita" (1936) n "" imihanda yo kutubahiriza amategeko "(1939).

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Kandi, mbikesheje kuguma muri Mexico, igitabo cye gishya "imbaraga nicyubahiro" cyavutse kandi kibona. Imirimo ibaho muri iki gihugu cya latin yo muri Amerika mu myaka 20 yikinyejana cya 20. Imico nyamukuru ni umupadiri gatolika, mugihe cyo gutotezwa byubugome, akomeje kuba umurimo winangiye w'itorero, gutsinda ubwoba, kwiheba, kwiheba, kwiheba, kwiheba, kwiheba. Iki gicuruzwa kizwi kubanegura ibitabo byicyongereza.

Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, icyatsi cyakorewe mu nzego z'Abongereza (barumuna be na bashiki be barashakishijwe), basuye ubutumwa muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba na Porutugali. Mu myaka y'intambara (1942), yandikaga igitabo "Ibiro by'ubwoba" - Spyware, afite ingaruka mbi zose zikenewe - iminyururu, ibibi, n'ibindi.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Mu myaka ya nyuma y'intambara, Graham Green yasubiye mu mwuga w'umunyamakuru - yakoraga nk'umunyamakuru w'ikinyamakuru cya RIPAblik muri Indochita. Kandi yongeye guhura mugihe cyubutumwa bwibyabaye bwabaye insanganyamatsiko yinyandiko zayo. Rero, hashingiwe ku byabaye muri Vietnam yo mu majyepfo, 1955-1956, igitabo "Umunyamerika gituje" cyaremewe, aho umwanditsi anenga politiki ya Amerika, yayoboye muri Vietnam. Hagati yumugambi - iherezo ryintwari eshatu: Umusore wumunyamerika, umunyamakuru wo mu Bwongereza n'umukunzi we wa Vietnam.

Kugeza ku mpera za 50, umwanditsi yanditse undi 2 Umuroma - "gutsinda" n '"umugabo wacu i Havana". Iyanyuma ikomeje umurongo wibisine, ariko afata icyerekezo gishya cyiza - igitabo-parody.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Mu 60-70, icyatsi cyagenze mubihugu byinshi nkumunyamakuru, inshuro zirenze zigeze kuba ahantu hashyushye. Ubuzima bwagatabo bwuzuyemo inama no kumenyera abantu bakomeye b'igihe - abanyapolitiki, abadipolomate, abanditsi, abahanzi. Muri iyi myaka, ibishya bye "bigendana na nyirasenge", "Uduganda," Udusetsa "," ikintu cya muntu "cyavutse.

Bibliografiya y'umwanditsi yuzuzwa kugeza ku mpera za 80. Mu mirimo y'iki gihe, "kiheot ya monseye" (1982) na "Kapiteni n'umwanzi" (1988) bagenerwa. Kumenyekanisha cyane kw'icyatsi kibisi mu gihe cy'ubuzima Ibihembo by'Ubwongereza Ibihembo by'Ubwongereza: Urutonde rwa Kavalera rwo mu Bwami (1966), "kubwicyubahiro" (1986). Ariko igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel ntibyakiriye umwanditsi, harimo n'abahindutse imyitwarire ya Eccentric y'umwanditsi hamwe nibintu bimwe mubuzima bwe bwite.

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Mu 1927, Graham Ibitsinditsi byashakanye Vivien Dairell Brownning - Umwamamaji w'abakozi. Kumenyera abashakanye byabayeho bidasanzwe: Umukobwa yanditse icyatsi, yerekana ikosa rye ryukuri muri kimwe mu ngingo. Inzandiko zatangiye, aho umunyamakuru yashimishijwe cyane na Vivien, ndetse akabangamiye kwiyahura mugihe yanze.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Ariko rero, kurongora umugore inzozi ze, ntimwabaye umugabo w'intangarugero, kandi yari se wacunguya. Mu bashakanye muri Vivien, bana babiri icyatsi bavuka - mu mukobwa wa Lucy Caroline (1933) n'umuhungu Francis (1936).

Umwanditsi yahinduye umugore we ubuzima bwe bwose, ibitabo bye byubatswe cyane cyane n'abanyamahanga bubatse. Mu 1938, umutunganya yabaye kumyambarire ya Dorothy Glover. Mu 1946, umwanditsi ntiyari ugusetsa kwa Catherine Walston - umugore w'umwe mu bantu bakize mu Bwongereza Henry Walston na nyina w'abana batanu.

Iki gitabo cyateye gutandukana na Vivienne (ntabwo byatanye). Umubano wa Catherine umaze hafi imyaka 10 10, kandi igice cyanditswe n'umurongo w'urukundo "Nyuma yimyaka ibiri" na "Iherezo ry'igitabo kimwe" (mu 1999 cyateganijwe cyitwa "Impera") .

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Kuva mu 1955, nyirabuja wicyatsi yari umukinnyi wa Swede wo muri Suwede Anita Bjork, umugabo we, umwanditsi Stig Dheremen, yiyahuye. Uku kuri kugaragazwa n'akantu, byabaye imwe mu mpamvu zimaze kuzenguruka iyo zishyize ahagaragara igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel.

Mu mpera z'ubuzima, hafi y'umwanditsi hari ubwoko bwa Carett, umubano wabo wateye imbere kuva mu 1966.

Urupfu

Mu 1990, ibya kera bimukiye mu Busuwisi. Muri Werurwe 1991, umugabo yari mu bitaro muri Veve weve kubera ubuzima bwiza bukabije. Ku ya 3 Mata, umuhigo yapfuye. Icyateye urupfu cyari ubwoko bwa leukemia. Imva y'umwanditsi w'Ubwongereza iherereye mu mbaraga mu irimbi ryaho.

Bibliografiya

• 1929 - "Umuntu uri imbere"
• 1932 - "Istanbul Express"
• 1935 - "Ubwongereza bwaremye"
• 1938 - "Brighton Lollipops"
• 1939 - "Truste"
• 1940 - "Imbaraga n'icyubahiro"
• 1943 - "Ibiro biti"
• 1948 - "Intangiriro y'urubanza"
• 1951 - "Kurangiza Igitabo kimwe"
• 1955 - "Umunyamerika ucecetse"
• 1955 - "Intsinzi"
• 1958 - "UMUNTU WAWE MURI HAvaANA"
• 1966 - "Urwenya"
• 1969 - "Genda na nyirasenge"
• 1973 - "Konsera Icyubahiro"
• 1978 - "Imyumvire y'abantu"
• 1980 - "Dr. Fisher kuva Geneve, cyangwa ifunguro rya nimugoroba"
• 1982 - Monsignor Kiheot
• 1988 - "Kapiteni n'umwanzi"