Charles de Gaulle - Ifoto, ubuzima, ubuzima bwite, butera urupfu, Perezida w'Ubufaransa

Ubuzima

Charles de Gaulle, umuyobozi w'ingendo zo kurwanya ibitero mu bwana, mu busore bwe, Manifeste yahimbye, yigishije ubuhanga bw'amayeri, arota kuba ku rugamba. Mu buryo bwinshi, kubera ubujura bwe n'ubuhanga bwo kwiga umwanzi, Ubufaransa bwakuwe mu gukandamizwa kw'Ubudage bw'Abanazi mu 1944. Noneho de Gaulle ni amagambo akomeye yamateka ahagaze kumurongo umwe hamwe na Napoleon I.

Mu bwana n'urubyiruko

Charles Andre Josen Marie de Gaulle yavutse ku ya 22 Ugushyingo 1890 mu Gifaransa Lille. Icya gatatu cy'abarimu batanu b'abana b'ubuvanganzo n'amateka ya Henri de Gaulle na Zhanna (mu majoga ya Majo), abakobwa ba ba rwiyemezamirimo bakize.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Abavandimwe na bashiki bacu batatu basezeranye n'abavandimwe be batatu: Yavuze ku mateka y'Ubufaransa, ashishikarizwa ku nyungu z'abana muri filozofiya no mu masomo. Umubyeyi wunvikana, wavuze uko yarize mu gihe cyo kwiyegurira Ubufaransa imbere y'Abadage muri Sedan mu 1870, yasunitse Charles mu bushakashatsi bwigenga bw'ubuhanzi bwintambara.

Muri 10, Charles yize ibitabo bikuze: Amateka ya Hagati aho, Imirimo ya Filozofiya Henri Bergson, Friedrich Nietzsche, Immanuel Kant, Platon. Umusore Charles yarose kwihorera ku Budage mu 1870. Ku myaka 15, umuhungu yanditse inyandiko "Jenerali de Gaulle," yiyereka umutegetsi w'ingabo z'Abafaransa agiye gutsinda.

Umuganda

Imikorere myiza muri Stanislas ya Collège i Paris yatanzwe de Gallele umwanya mumashuri adasanzwe ya gisirikare ahitiye mu 1909. Bavuga ko umusore yinjijwe mu mwuga w'umwanditsi cyangwa umuhanga mu by'amateka, ariko ahitamo ubundi buryo bwo gushimisha Data. Nyuma mu "memori ya gisirikare" de Gaulle yaranditse ati:

"Kwinjira mu nzego z'ingabo nicyo gikorwa gikomeye muri biografiya."

Umusore yakoraga mu rwego rwa 33 rw'abasirikare b'ingabo z'Abafaransa - agace kagize uruhare mu ntambara munsi ya Borodino, Austerlitz, intambara ya Vagram. Yategetse Filipope, wabaye umujyanama de Gaulle mu myaka 15 yakurikiyeho.

Muri Kanama 1914, Intambara ya mbere y'isi yose yaje mu Bufaransa. Umwanzuro wa 33 w'abasirikare bajugunywe ku bwembo mu mujyi wa Dynani w'Ububiligi. Iminsi 3 nyuma yo kwinjira kurugamba hamwe nabadage de Gaulle yakomeretse mu ivi. Ku nshuro ya kabiri, isasu ryaguye mu kuboko kw'ibumoso. Ukuri kwishimishije: Amaraso yanduye, ukuboko kwatemaguwe, bityo rero Charles ubuzima bwe bwose bwahatiwe kwambara impeta yubukwe iburyo bwe.

Mugihe cya gatatu, de Gaulle yatakaje ubwenge kandi afata Abadage amezi 32. Yagerageje kwiruka inshuro 5: yihishe mu gitebo cyo kumesa, acukura umuyoboro mu rukuta, ndetse yitanga umuforomo. Umusore yihebye cyane ku gitekerezo ko intambara irenze nta bwogire. Intsinzi ya Suulle yahuye no mu bunyage, no ku ya 1 Ukuboza 1918 yasubiye mu rugo.

Nyuma y'intambara ya mbere y'isi yose, de Gaulle yategetse abanyamaguru mu ntambara n'Uburusiya mu 1919-1921, yasomye ibiganiro ku mayeri, yanditse ibikorwa bya gisirikare. Kuva muri Nzeri 1927, yagizwe umuyobozi wa bataillon ya 19 y'uruka rw'umutonzi w'ingabo z'Abafaransa.

Charles yizeraga ko ushobora kugera ku ntsinzi ukoresheje ubufasha bwa tank hamwe na maneuvers yihuse. Mu 1934, umugabo yashyize ahagaragara "kujurira ingabo" ("umurongo l'artée de métier"), aho yasabye ivugurura ry'amashini z'abapadiri. De Gaulle yavuze ko ashobora gutsinda intambara n'abasirikare ibihumbi 100 n'abayobozi ibihumbi 3. Ku munsi w'intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose, Umufaransa yashyizeho umugaba w'ibihaha 80 "by'ibigega, yise" umukungugu ".

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Isaha yinyenyeri yaje kuri de lead yo mu 1940. Ku ya 10 Gicurasi, Ubudage bwatangaje Uburayi mu Burayi, ku ya 15 Gicurasi binjije i Sedan. Igice cya Charles kwari ugutsinda igihe. Ku ya 17 Gicurasi, umugaba w'ingabo yatakaje tanki 23 kuri 90, kuko bukeye bwaho imbaraga zayo bagera ku mitwe 150. Imirwano ikaze de Gaulle yahatiye Abadage igihe kinini cyo gusubira muri Comono. Gicurasi 23 Kuberako ubutwari bwa Charles yise Jenerali.

Guverinoma y'Ubufaransa ntiyashakaga intambara. Hamwe na Winston Churchill, Minisitiri w'intebe w'Ubwongereza, abayobozi ba Repubulika bakoze ku masezerano n'Ubudage. Ntushaka kurambura ukuboko ku banzi, ku ya 18 Kamena 1940 de Gallele yagewe kuri Radiyo y'Ubwongereza yahamagariye abafaransa gukora ingendo zo kurwanya. Ku ya 22 Kamena n'Ubufaransa n'Ubudage byasinyanye amasezerano.

Igikorwa cya politiki

Mu Bufaransa, uburyo bwa vichy bwashizweho, mu yandi magambo - umwuga. Winston Churchill yasobanukiwe ko umuntu nkuko umuntu ashobora kumena impeta nkuko de Gaulle. Ku ya 24 Kamena, Minisitiri w'intebe w'Ubwongereza yemeye ko de Gaulle "umutwe w'igifaransa cyose cy'ubufaransa kandi ategeka kumuha inzira itekanye zo kwinjira mu Bufaransa.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Umwaka umwe nyuma, ku ya 22 Kamena 1941, de Gaulle yahinduye umubonano na Joseph Stalin, Mujeneli Pissimusi wa SSSR. Yashyigikiye Umufaransa "ukomoka mu kirere": Ubumwe bwa Galulle na Stalin bayoboye ko hashyirwaho ikibanza cy'icyamamare "Normandy-Neman". Izi ndege zagize uruhare runini mu kurwanya ihuriro rya Hitler.

Mu 1944, de Gaulle yateranaga mu ntwari abohowe na Paris: yatiriwe kwibohora Ubufaransa kuva ku kazi. Muri Kanama muri uwo mwaka, Charles yerekeje guverinoma y'agateganyo.

Igihugu cyibasiwe n'intambara byasabye kuvugurura gahunda ya Leta. Mbere y'iki ngorane, de Gaulle yavunitse: Ku ya 20 Mutarama 1945 Yavuye ku mwanya wa Perezida wa guverinoma y'agateganyo kubera ko amakimbirane y'inama y'ubutegetsi - de Gaulle yashakaga kuba perezida wubufaransa - de Gaulle yashakaga kuba perezida w'Ubufaransa, kandi abanyapolitiki benshi bashyigikiye Uwiteka kugenzura Inteko Ishinga Amategeko kuri Guverinoma.

Charles yatangaje intambara muri Repubulika ya Kabiri (Ubufaransa bwo mu gihe cya 1946-1958, yita gusa usaba gucunga Leta. Intore za politiki ntiyumvaga ubujurire bwe, hanyuma de Gaulle yagiye imyaka 5 kuba i Kolomba-le-dzoz-egliz, ubukoloni bwirengagijwe.

Hano, muri rusange muri rusange yanditswe "kwibwira abasirikari" mu gitabo cya 3: "Hamagara", "ubumwe", "agakiza". Yatekereje ku ntambara, yiyerekanaga ku buyobozi bwa Leta, yavuze ko Ubufaransa bugomba kuba mu maboko y'ibyahise gukomera, "bitabaye ibyo, ashobora kuba mu kaga gakomeye."

Ikibazo cyimbere de Gaulle kirangiza ikibazo mubufaransa. Intambara ya Alijeriya, ubukene n'ubushomeri bwatumye Repubulika igaburira akaga, kandi amaherezo ubuyobozi bwahindukiriye ibisabwa kugira ngo "bucece" kandi buke guceceka "kandi bukesha" guverinoma y'icyizere cya Leta ". Umunyapolitiki yavuze kuri radiyo afite ibyiringiro ko "biteguye gufata imbaraga zose za Repubulika." Ku ya 1 Kamena 1958, De Gaulle yatangajwe na Perezida w'Inama y'Abaminisitiri.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Icyo gihe, abayobozi b'Ubufaransa bemeye ibyifuzo byose bya de Gaulle kuri Leta itangaje. Yategetse ko ububasha bwo gucunga igihugu bugomba kuba mu maboko ya Perezida, ushyiraho abaminisitiri kandi ikiruta byose ari Minisitiri w'intebe. Amabaruwa yashyizeho ishingiro ry'Itegeko Nshinga, nk'uko Ubufaransa bubaho ubu. Kwemeza inyandiko y'inyandiko ya Leta mu 1958 hatanzwe gushiraho Repubulika ya gatanu iyobowe na De Gaulle.

Igikorwa cya de Gaulle cyayobowe, mbere ya byose, kuri politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga. Mu 1960, yarangije muri Vietnam na Kamboje, mu 1962, Alijeriya hamwe n'ibihugu icumi bya Afrika. Muri ibyo bihugu, abaturage bakundaga Ubufaransa rero, "batererana" mu turere twinshuti za de Gaulle yatanze inkunga y'isi.

Mu 1965, Ubufaransa bwavuye muri NATO, bwanze gukoresha idorari mu kubara mpuzamahanga. Ku gihugu, ifaranga rya diplomacy ryari ibipimo bya zahabu. Impinduka zabaye muri politiki yimbere muri Repubulika ya gatanu. De gaulle yemeje ko hashyirwaho intwaro idasanzwe ya kirimbuzi, kuko kuba ifite igamije kuba imbaraga ku isi. Ibizamini by'ibintu biteje akaga byahagaritswe gusa no kuza kwa Francois Mitteriniya mu 1981.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Mu 1965, manda y'imyaka 7 y'Inama y'Ubutegetsi de Gaulle yegereye imperuka. Twizere mu bushobozi bwe, umunyapolitiki yashimangiye ko amatora ataziguye, ni ukuvuga gutora kwamamaye. Kwimuka byari bibi: de Gaulle yatsinze 54%, na 45% - Mitteraran, bavuganye no kunengwa na Repubulika ya gatanu.

Umuceri w'intwaro, utari ukenewe n'abantu boroheje, kurandura imirima y'umuhinzi, kwiharira kuri tereviziyo na radiyo, byagize uruhare mu gutaka gukabije kwa de Gaulle. Politiki yitwaga "kuguruka hamwe n'umunyagitugu hamwe na coil." Ubusanzwe kugerageza kuri de Gaulle byiyongereye. By the way, ubuzima bwe bwari buganwa no kubona amanota inshuro - 32.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Ku ya 2 Gicurasi 1968, abanyeshuri bakoze icyaha cya perezida. Kwigomeka ku bisabwa kugira ngo gifungure ishami rya sociologiya ya kaminuza ya Paris, byafunzwe nyuma yo kubashyira mu gaciro ku butegetsi, byagaragaye mu kwigomeka kw'igihugu. Abantu miliyoni 10 bagiye mu mihanda. Kugira ngo uzigame igihugu kiva mu ntambara y'abenegihugu, perezida yasabye kuwuha "imbaraga nini" ku "vugurura" ry'Ubufaransa, ahubwo ntigisobanura neza. Igitekerezo cyabonetse muri bayonets.

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Ku ya 6 Mata 1921, Ivonna Wandru yabaye umugore we de Gaulle. Ubuzima bwabo bwishimye bwamaze igice cyikinyejana, kugeza gupfa kwa de Gaulle mu myaka ya za 70.Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Ku ya 28 Ukuboza 1921, umuhungu wa Filipo yavukiye mu ihuriro, yitiriwe Filipo atontot. Ku ya 15 Gicurasi 1924, umukobwa wa Elizabeti yagaragaye ku isi, no mu myaka ya za 192, arwaye syndrome ya Down. Umukobwa yabayeho imyaka 20. Indwara ye yatumye de Gaulle nyuma ihinduka umwishingizi w'ishingiro ry'abana na Syndrome ya Down.

Kwegura no gupfa

De Gaulle "kuvugurura ni ugushiraho Sena mu rwego rw'ubukungu n'imibereho, ikiriza ku nyungu za ba rwiyemezwa n'imibereho. Byafashwe ko ibyo bizatsinda ubushomeri. Nyuma yo kuvugurura referendum, De Gaulle yavuze ko niba icyifuzo kitazashyigikirwa, yari kwegura. Ku ya 28 Mata 1969, de Gaulle, amaze kwiga ibisubizo, ya telezi Minisitiri w'intebe w'igihugu muri Colombe:

"Ntareka gusohoza inshingano za Perezida wa Repubulika. Iki cyemezo kitangira gukurikizwa uyu munsi saa sita. "

Ubuzima bwa politiki bwahindutse bubamo bworoshye hamwe n'umugore we Ivoni n'umukobwa we Elizabeti muri Irilande na Espanye. De Gaulle yanditse "kwiringira ibyiringiro", bitagize umwanya wo kurangiza, bigera ku 1962.

Ku ya 9 Ugushyingo 1970, utarenze ukwezi, utarokotse isabukuru yimyaka 80, Charles de Gaulle yitabye. Impamvu y'urupfu yari ikinyabuho cya Aorta. Ku ya 12 Ugushyingo, umugabo yashyinguwe ku irimbi ry'umudugudu i Colombe iruhande rw'umukobwa wa Ana. Gucira imanza ku ifoto, nyuma ubuturo bwa nyuma hamwe na bene wabo byatandukanijwe na Ivonna. Catafalk muri Charles yari eccentric cyane - umuntu wintwaro ufite umunara uteye isoni.

Kwibuka

Mu myaka yashize, ingoma ya de Gaulle ntabwo yari umuntu uzwi cyane, ahubwo yakubitumye mu Bufaransa, ubugira kabiri mu mateka (nyuma ya Napoleon I) icyunamo. Gereranya n'urupfu rw'uwahoze ari perezida, uzamusimbura Georgege yasimbuye ati:

"Jenerali De Gaulle yapfuye, Umupfakazi w'Ubufaransa."

Izina de Gaulle ryitiriwe ikibuga cyindege i Paris, agace intsinzi ishyirwaho, atwara indege ya atome. Kuruhande rwimirima ya elysee mu 2000 urwibutso rwagaragaye. By the way, urwibutso rwa kabiri ruhagaze i Moscou imbere ya hoteri "Cosmos", kandi agace gatwa Charles de Gaulle.

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