Ubuzima
Izina rya Kontanta Ushinsky rihagaze kumurongo wambere wuburusiya, kandi birashobora kwitwa uwashinze ishuri rya siyansi ryo kwigisha abakiri bato muri se ntarambura. Amaze kubaho ubuzima bugufi, umugabo yarwaye pedagoge yuzuye yahujwe yuzuye maze aba umwanditsi w'ibitabo byinshi, muri bo bidakora ibikorwa by'ibanze gusa, ariko kandi inkuru z'abana. Umwarimu yabonye intego yubuzima bwo gukorera abantu kandi yitanga nta bucuruzi bwe yakundaga, ashaka kwizirika kumugaragaro.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Kontantin Dmitmitrievich yavukiye mu muryango wa Dmigry Gmigorievich ndetse n'urukundo rw'umugore we wa Steptanovna. Se w'uyu mwarimu uzaza yari afite umwuga wa gisirikare inyuma yigitugu, kuba umukabanirwa nintambara na Napoleon.
Abahanga mu by'amateka bo mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri batekereje ku munsi w'umwanditsi ku ya 19 Gashyantare 1824, ariko abashakashatsi ba biolography ba kijyambere babigera kuri Tula, bavuga ko Ushinsky yavutse umwaka. Urujijo n'amatariki rwabaye kubera gutinda kwandikisha igipimo cya Metric Icyemezo cya Katric, cyasubitswe mu bijyanye no gushyiraho Data kugera ku mwanya mushya no kwimuka k'umuryango. Ariko, kugeza na nubu, umwaka wemewe muri rusange wavukiye uvuka ukomeza kuba 1824, hamwe nibyabaye byose byizihizwa bitera kubara kuriyi shusho.
Ubwana n'umwana ukiri muto w'Umuhanga wa Novhihiv wa Chernarod wa Chernarod wa Chernarod, aho se w'umuryango washyizeho umucamanza. Igihe umwana yari afite imyaka 11, umubyeyi yarapfuye, avuye mu kigero cyo gusa kwishora mu gushinga umuhungu we. Ndashimira ubumenyi wungutse, umuhungu yinjiye muri siporo, kandi yasobanuwe ako kanya mu cyiciro cya 3.
Nyuma yaho, Usinsky yagaruye umuyobozi, abarimu ba mbere babwira ko abari bahangayikishijwe na siyanse, barasenyutse kandi bakunda abana. Birashoboka ko urwego rwuburezi rwishuri rwahindutse hejuru mumijyi isanzwe yigihe gito. Umusore yakiriye icyemezo muri 1840 kandi icyo gihe yamaze guhura namateka yabashutse nibitekerezo byatsinzwe byabahuje Ababurayi.
Gukomeza imyitozo ya Kontantin muri kaminuza ya Moscou, yiyandikisha ku munyamategeko. Hano, umusore yumva ibiganiro byabarimu beza kandi bakunda filozofiya, ubuvanganzo nukuri. Nyuma yo kurangiza amasomo mu 1844, umusore aguma muri kaminuza kugirango ashyireho ikizamini cya shebuja. Muri iki gihe, USSHInsky yatangiye guhangayikishwa n'ibibazo byo kumurikirwa abarusiya, ahanini bakomeje kutamenya gusoma no kwandika.
Kuba umukandida wubumenyi bwemewe n'amategeko, impamyabumenyi ijya i Yaroslavvl, aho kuva 1846 yagiye mu kigo cyemewe n'amategeko cya debidov. Umwarimu w'ikitekerezo gitera imbere yakozwe n'abigishwa kandi ntabwo yakundaga mu masomo kuruta ayo masezerano atanyuzwe.
Iterambere ryambere ryumuhanga mukirwa ryagize ikibazo nubuyobozi, kandi inyuma yumwarimu yashyizwe mubigenzuzi byabimenyeshejwe. Amasezerano yo kwihanganira imyifatire nk'iyo, yavuye aho hantu kandi ahinduka mu guhindura ingingo z'amahanga mu binyamakuru. Yimukiye i St. Petersburg, yishimiye umukozi muto muri minisiteri y'igihugu imbere.
Pedagogy
Mu 1854, Ushinsky yashoboye kwakira umwanya w'umwarimu mukuru mu kigo cya Gatchin imfubyi cy'amene - Ikigo cya kabiri gifunze, cyari cyo kwita ku bami. Ishyirwaho ryagize uruhare mu burezi bw'abayobozi b'ejo hazaza ku mashami na minisiteri kandi batandukanijwe n'umujinya. Sisitemu y'ibihano ya Strata nkeya yateye imbere hano ndetse n'umwuka utari mwiza wo gutwarwa no kwanga hagati y'abanyeshuri biciwe.Ubwa mbere, Kontantin Dmitmievich yigisha ibitabo n amategeko by'Uburusiya, ariko nyuma yigice cy'umwaka afata umugenzuzi. Mu myaka yashize, Ikigo cya Guverinoma cyashoboye kubaka inzira y'uburezi kugira ngo ubugari, ubujura n'ibiro byubashye byashize mu rukuta rw'ikigo. Hano mwarimu asanga ububiko bwuwabanjirije, burimo isomero ryimirimo ya Pedagogi, kumenyera isi nshya ifungura umwarimu ukiri muto.
Yahumekewe nibikoresho byize, umwanditsi yanditse ingingo "ku nyungu z'ibitabo bya Pedagoge", byatumye bizwi. Umugabo aba Umwanditsi uhoraho wa Metropolitan yari buri gihe, muri bo "ikinyamakuru cyo kwiga", "iki gihe" n "" isomero yo gusoma ". Nyuma, mu myaka imwe n'igice, uyu mwarimu yakoraga nk'umwanditsi w '"Ikinyamakuru cy'umurimo wo kumurikirwa" kandi ahindura igitabo mu cyegeranyo kizwi cyane.
Icyiciro gikurikira mu mwuga nicyo gikorwa cyo mu kigo cy'abamena amaraso cyiza, aho umuhanga wa Nowice yashoboye kushushanya ibitekerezo bitinyutse. Umwarimu yahuye no gutandukanya abakobwa b'abanyacyubahiro kandi byoroshye, kimwe na mbere na gato yageze ku mibanire ingana nabanyeshuri bose. USHISKY yashimangiye ko ayo mahugurwa yabaye mu rurimi rwe kavukire, ndetse anaha amahirwe y'abakobwa kugira ngo abarezi babone ubumenyi.
Umugabo yatanyaga imigenzo ategura buri gihe icyegeranyo cyamatsinda ya Pedagogi yo kuganira kubibazo byo gukanda no gutekereza kumyizerere akomeye mu rwego rw'uburezi. Uyu nimugoroba wabaye ahantu ho guhurira inshuti na bagenzi babo bakorana, aho bavugaga ivugurura, ikinamico, ibitabo. Kontantin Dmitievich yishimiye kubaha no gukundwa mu bafatanyabikorwa n'abanyeshuri, ariko abayobozi basaga nkaho ari umugozi wubusa. Kubwibyo, kugirango dukureho umukozi "utarangirika", mu 1862 yoherejwe mu rugendo rw'akazi mu mahanga mu mahanga.
Kubaho mu Burayi, umuntu ashishikajwe cyane n'uburambe bwambere mu rwego rw'uburezi n'uburezi, gusura ibigo by'uburezi mu Budage, Ubusuwisi n'ibindi bihugu. Akomeje kwishora mubikorwa byubuvanganzo, byatangiye i Gattanina.
Mu 1864, ibitabo by'abana "na" isi y'abana "biva mu ibaba ry'umwanditsi, kandi iyambere yuzuzwa nuburyo buryo bwo kwigisha ibitabo, yandikiwe ababyeyi nabarimu. Iyi mirimo yinjiye mu bubiko bw'ibitabo bya Pedagoge, bidahwitse.
USHISKY yanditse kandi abuhanzi prose, kandi imigani ninkuru kubana bafite umwanya wingenzi. "Ibibyimba bisinziriye", "ibibembe by'umukema - imbeho" byabaye ibya kera by'ibitabo by'abana.
Imirimo ya nyuma y'ibanze kuri Pedagog yanditswe mu gusubira mu gihugu cy '"umuntu nk'ibintu by'uburezi", byakomeje kutarandukira. Mubuzima bw'umwanditsi, imibumbe 2 y'ubushakashatsi bwanze amagambo yasohotse, ihuriro kuva rishobora kuboneka mu mpapuro za siyansi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ibyishimo muri Liventantin Dintirrievich iboneka hamwe n'umukunzi w'inshuti ye n'ibyiringiro bya Segonovna Dorosshenko, wabaye umugore we mu 1851. Umwaka umwe, aba bombi bagaragaye Pawulo wavuzwe mbere, hanyuma umukobwa wa Vera n'ibyiringiro n'abahungu ba Kontantin na Vladimir. Igishushanyo mbonera cyabitswe, aho umuryango ugaragara muriki gihimbano. Mu 1867, umwana wa gatandatu yavutse - Umukobwa wa Olga, waje kuba umuhanzi.
Umuryango wimukiye aho ujya nyuma y'umutwe, ariko Ushinsky yari afite inguni y'ubuhungiro butuje, aho bahuriye munsi ya Chernihite, umugabo yaguze inzu.
Kuba abakobwa ba mwarimu bageze basimbuye mu bucuruzi bwa se: Abakobwa bakoraga amashuri n'amashuri, nta gihe cyo kubyara n'amafaranga yabo.
Urupfu
Mu myaka yashize, ubuzima bwe bwe bwibikorwa bya siyansi nigikorwa cya leta ya Ushinsky. Yanditseho ingingo, agira uruhare muri kose zabigize umwuga, akora gushinga gahunda ya padagoge ya Slim Pedagoge. Umugabo abona ubutware nkumutware kandi ashishikaye ubucuruzi bwe.
Muri icyo gihe, mu 1870, umuryango usobanukirwa umusozi: Umuhungu w'imfura Pawulo yapfuye afite imyaka 18 mugihe cyo guhiga. Urupfu rwakozwe cyane n'umuryango, kandi Kontantin Dmitievich yahisemo kwimukira i Kiev, kubona inzu aho.
Nyuma yibyo, gufata abahungu, umwarimu wimyaka 47 yagiye kwivuza muri Crimée. Ariko, USSHInsky irahangayitse mumuhanda. Indwara irarengana ingorane kandi ihinduka icyateye urupfu mu mpera z'itariki ya 1870 Ukuboza muri Odessa. Imva y'umwarimu uzwi iherereye muri Kiev-vedebitsky monasiteri.
Umusanzu wabagabo muri pedagogy yuburusiya biragoye kurenga. Icyifuzo cye cyo kwiga ku gice cyose cy'abaturage ntibyatinze kubona imbuto, kandi imirimo y'ibanze y'umwanditsi yashizeho ishingiro rya sisitemu y'uburezi nyuma y'uburezi. Kubaha ishusho, umubare munini w'amabwiriza, amasomero n'imihanda yo mu Burusiya bitiriwe.
Bibliografiya
- 1847 - "Inyigisho muri Yaroslavl Lyceum"
- 1856 - "Ku burezi rusange"
- 1857 - "Ibintu bitatu by'ishuri"
- 1858 - "Ku ikwirakwizwa risobanura no gusoma no kwandika"
- 1858 - "Ivugurura ry'ishuri muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru"
- 1858 - "Igikoresho cy'imbere cy'amashuri y'Abanyamerika y'Amajyaruguru"
- 1859 - "Inyubako zerekeye uburere bwa samiri ku ntebe y'u Burusiya"
- 1864 - "Ijambo kavukire"
- 1867 - "Umugabo ufite uburere"
- 1869 - "Umugabo UKUNTU UBURYO"
- 1870 - Ibikoresho bya Anthropology ya gatatu "