Ubuzima
Inkuru y'inkuru z'ishusho zibabaje Don Quixte Laman na Squire ye yizerwa Sancho yavukiye avuka ashimira umwanditsi Miguel de certwenwas. Noneho urukundo rwa Parody Knight ni urwibutso rwibitabo byisi, ariko icyarimwe igitabo cyakoreye Umwanditsi mwiza kubanditsi be - detwentes yakurikiranye gusebanya ndetse akanatera ubwoba.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Miguel de Sercewani yavutse ku ya 29 Nzeri 1547 mu mujyi wa Alcala wa Alcala de ihari. Isomo, ku ya 9 Ukwakira, muri Santa Maria la magara y'Itorero rya Paruwasi yiyandikisha rya Santa Maria La Majoro.
Ati: "Miguel, umuhungu Rodrigo de sermantes n'umugore we Leonor, barabatijwe; Abasenga be bari ba Jurdo; Umuhango wakozwe na nyirizina na nyirizina na bartolome Serrano.
Yibeshye gufata ko izina rizwi Miguel de certwentes saoveaven umuhungu yakibwa. Mubyukuri, Sametoverov yagaragaye asanzwe afite imyaka myinshi, birashoboka ko, nkamavuka kumutwe wa komini ya Chilian, aho abaturage basenga.
Se wa Rodrigo, ukomoka muri Galiciya, yakoraga nk'ikirango, "Umunyamazi wamaraso". Ku ideni rya serivisi, yagiye mu magufa, akomeza kunyura mu maraso kandi akora mu buvuzi buto. " Nyigana nyina, Leonor de Cortinas - Umukobwa wa Nobleman wasenyutse, yagurishijwe mu bashakanye mu 1543.
Usibye Umwanditsi w'Imana "Don Quixote", abana 6 barezwe mu muryango: Andrea (1544 R.), Louise (1556 R.), Magdalena (1554 G.) na Juan. Ku ya nyuma azwiho ubushake bwa Data.
Yafashwe ko mu bwana, muri Miguel yakundaga gutwara hirya no hino mu gihugu, hanyuma atanga ishuri ryw imperial i Madrid - ikigo cy'uburezi cy'ujewo. Mu kimenyetso cyerekeye uku kuri, hazabaho isuzuma rya gikuru ku byerekeye Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma muri "Novella kubyerekeye ikiganiro hagati y'imbwa" kuva "kwerekana". Ibitekerezo bitandukanye - Miguel yize muri kaminuza ya Salamanca. Kandi umwe, kandi izindi verisiyo zirabazwa.
Afite imyaka 22, deartwentes yabaye ku bumuga bwo kurwana umuhanda, kandi mu ntoki zahuye na Antonio runaka de Sagura. Bavuga ko ubwoba bwo gufatwa bwatumye Miguel ava muri Espanye. Ubutaliyani bwabaye urugo rushya - igihugu, gicuti kijyanye n'urubyiruko rukomeye.
Roma de Intertwentes yavumbuye ibihangano bigaragara, ubwubatsi, kurengera no kuvuka. Mubikorwa bye byubuvanganzo, nyuma nyuma yinzobere zabonye ibyerekeranye na rubanda yabataliyani, paroderi yabanditsi benshi.
Umuganda
Mu 1570, de servantes yiyandikishije mu nyanja ya Espagne, inkaneía de Marina, wari uhagaze mu Naples (icyo gihe umujyi wari akarere k'Icyesipanyoli). Inka kumwaka mbere yuko umusore ahamagara kurugamba. Muri Nzeri 1571, Migueli yafashe ubwato yerekeza mu kigobe cya Patras, aho urugamba rwabereye ku ya 7 Ukwakira kuri Papa uri hagati y'umuryango wera ndetse n'ingoma ya Ottoman.
Iyo hari intambara, Miguel de sertwenwates yari ifite umuriro. N'ubwo buzima, umusore wamusabye kumwemerera kurwana, avuga ko yahitamo gupfira Imana ye n'umwami kuruta kuba yuzuyemo bagenzi bacu mu kabari. Umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yakiriye ibikomere bitatu by'amasasu - bibiri mu gituza n'imwe mu kuboko kw'ibumoso, isasu rya nyuma ryakoze de certwentes imwe. Mu gitabo cye cya mbere "Galatiya", bisobanura gutsinda vuba ", yaranditse ati:
"Nabuze kugenda kw'izuba mu cyubahiro cy'uburenganzira."Igice cya kabiri cyumwaka cyatwaye de certwentes yo gukira, mu 1572 yasubiye kumurongo. Mu myaka 3 yakurikiyeho, umugabo yari mu Nama mirongo, rimwe na rimwe akora ingendo mu birwa bya Corfu na Navariya. Miguel yiboneye urugamba rwa La Gulelet, wahoze ari umurwa mukuru wa Tuniziya, no kugwa kw'iyi Leta.
Mu kugwa kwa 1575, dervantes yafashe ubwato iva mu Namazi i Barcelona hamwe ninzandiko zisabwa umwami wa Espagne. Muri bo, komanda wacuranze ashimye ibyiza by'umusirikare maze akemerera kongera serivisi. Iherezo ryateganijwe ukundi: Mu gitondo cyo ku ya 26 Nzeri, Corsiasi yafashe ubwato de sersants ku icumbi.
Umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza kandi, akurikije ibimenyetso bimwe, murumuna we Rodrigo yajyanywe muri Alijeriya (icyo gihe hagati ya Ottoman) arafatwa. Umugabo yagumye mubucakara kugeza 1580, inshuro 4 birananirana bagerageje gutoroka. Amaherezo, ababyeyi baguze umudendezo w'abahungu amafaranga menshi muri Ottomans - saba umwami amabaruwa y'umwami yazamuye icyifuzo ku mutwe wa dertwenwas.
Iyi miterere yavuzwe inshuro nyinshi murikazi ka de certwenwas. Byemezwa ko mu nkuru y'imfungwa kuva Don Quixote, "ubuzima muri Alijeriya" na "Ubumuga bwa Alijeriya" ni amashusho asanzwe adashobora gusobanura umuntu utari mu bucakara.
Umwuga
Yakuwe mu bunyage, certenwantes yabanaga n'ababyeyi be i Madrid. Icyo gihe, yari amaze gutangira kwandika, ariko, kimwe n'abanditsi benshi b'icyo gihe, ntibashobora kugaburira amafaranga. Guhanga byagombaga guhuzwa numurimo usanzwe.
Muri Andelusia, Miguel akora nk'umukozi ushinzwe gutanga amasoko ya Espagne: Nashakaga ibiciro byiza by'ingano, amavuta, ibindi bicuruzwa, hanyuma bitanga ibicuruzwa ku mato. Amaze kuva mu mafaranga agenewe kurangiza icyombo gikurikira, umunyamabanki. Ahumanye ku kuboko kwe, yakoresheje byose. Erega uyu mwanditsi yamaze amezi menshi muri gereza. Birashoboka, mu gusoza kandi igitekerezo cya "Don Quixote" yaturutse.
Nyuma, dertwentes yakoze nk'umukoresha w'umusoreshwa n'umucungamari. Mu myaka yashize, kuva ku ya 1610 kugeza ku ya 1616, umugabo yabaga ku kiruhuko cy'izabukuru, cyatumye bishoboka gukoresha ibitabo hafi y'isaha.
Ibitabo
De certenwantes yakandagiye mu nzira y'ubuvanganye afite imyaka 38. Rultat "Galatea" (1585) yanditswe mu nzego za kera ku gihe cye - igitabo cy'abashumba. Akazi kagumye nta kwitondera societe yo hejuru, kandi umwanditsi ubwe ntiyishimiye igitekerezo "ubusa" cyicyitegererezo cya mbere cyikaramu.
Mu gifuni cy'igifungo cya Devatentes, muri kamere yari afite urwenya, igitekerezo cyaje guhimba paroded yo mu masomo ya Knight, ikunzwe mu kinyejana cya XVI. Arstntanta yakoze ishusho yabasaye abasaza, ninde, usoma inkuru zijyanye n'intwari mu ntwaro, bahisemo kujya ku isi bashakisha ibintu.
Nibyiza Don Quixote kuva mumudugudu wa La Manci iherekeje antipode ye Sancho Pancho Pansa - umuhinzi woroshye ukoreshwa mugushakisha pragmatike. Ni ngombwa kuri we kubona kose yasezeranijwe n'Ikirwa, azimya nyirayo mu kaga no gusobanura mugihe buri gihe urusyo rutarimo.
Prototype y'urukundo yahinduye umusazi akora lope, umukinyi w'ikinamico, ibikorwa bye byasumbaga ibyamamare by'igitabo de sensants. Igihe kimwe, umusizi, Amasezerano yo kwandika urukundo rwa autobiografiya, yagiye mu rugendo rw'isi ku bwato, atera umugore we n'abana. Turashobora kuvuga ko Miguel ataremye umurimo ukomeye wa zahabu, ahubwo yanakoze umupfakazi hejuru yumwanzi.
Igitabo kijyanye n'inshyi z'igishusho gibabaje cyasohotse mu gitabo cya kabiri: "Chit Roma Hiixte Lan Quixete Laman" mu 1605, "igice cya kabiri cy'urwanyi cyiza wa Don QuixChi" mu 1615 Gukomeza kwari, ahubwo, ni ngombwa: Mu 1614, ucogora, imico yabo iracyatangazwa, imico yabo itaratangazwa, isohora igice cy'igitabo "Don Quixote alelenedy". Akazi kayobowe na de certwenwas.
"Don Quixote" ni umusanzu ukomeye mu muco w'isi. Fedor Dostoevy yise Abanyaroma de certwentes "umurimo wo gutekereza cyane ku bitekerezo by'abantu." Byari muri don Quixote yavutse ari amagambo "gucira imanza, birakenewe kuryoha," bivuze ko ibintu byose bigenzuwe mubikorwa.
De certwentes yizeraga ko ibitabo bye bigomba kuba bye Abesipanyoli kuruta Abataliyani, ibitabo bya Giovanni, Giovanni Bocconcio. Kubwibyo, umwanditsi yakoze "ibisohoka" (1613) - Icyegeranyo kigizwe ninkuru 12. Mu kuvuga, umwanditsi akora nk'umuntu, atanga intwari mu bwisanzure n'ibyishimo. Inyuguti ziza kubishaka binyuze mubabazwa, ariko umunezero wintsinzi uraryoshye.
Umuseke w'ubuzima bwa de certwenwates, nahimbye igitabo cy'ubusi pershila na Urugendo rwa Sikimunda, rwasohotse nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwanditsi, mu 1617. Birashoboka, muri uyu murimo, Espade yagerageje kwigana hemutekori wa kera w'Abagereki.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Kubyerekeye ubuzima bwihariye bwa Miguel de certwenwas izi bike. Ku ya 12 Ukuboza, 1584, umukecuru w'imyaka 19 Catalina Palacios de Salasar yabaye umugore we wumwanditsi wimyaka 37. Abakobwa ba Dowry bafashije rimwe na rimwe kubaho batabifite. Muri icyo gihe, dertwenwates yari ifite umukobwa utarashaka Isabel muri anya de rojas. Naho ubumwe n'uwo bashakanye ukiri muto, yari atombeye kandi asenyuka mu mpera za 1580.Urupfu
Imyaka 68 y'amavuko yapfiriye i Madrid ku ya 22 Mata 1616. Dukurikije ubuhamya bw'abaganga ba none, diyabete y'uburyo bwa mbere yatewe na chrhose y'umwijima yabaye icyateye urupfu. Izi ndwara zisobanura inyota ikomeye umwanditsi yinubira mu myaka ya nyuma y'ubuzima.
Dukurikije Isezerano ku ya 23 Mata, sertwentes yashyinguwe mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana cy'Ubutatu bwa Bosnutogii muri Centre ya Madrid. Mu 1673 mugihe cyo kwiyubaka kwabanditsi bera, kimwe nabandi bantu, bimuriwe ahantu hizewe, hanyuma ntibashobora kubona - imva idafite ibimenyetso biranga.
Muri 2014, abahanga mu bucukumbuzi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo bavumbuye kurira abantu 10 baruhutse. Imbere mu gifuniko cya kimwe mu isanduku, Madamu intangiriro yakuweho. Hashingiwe ku bimenyetso by'umwanditsi, ibikomere by'amasasu byabonye ku rugamba i Dongato, kandi ko amenyo 6 gusa yasigaranye. "Don Quixote" . Ku ya 11 Kamena 2015, bashyinguwe mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana munsi y'imva Miguel de certwentes Saoveoverov.
Bibliografiya
- 1585 - "Galatia"
- 1605 - "FIXDLME HIIXDOTE LAMAN"
- 1613 - "Amazina ya Customed"
- 1614 - "URUGENDO RWA PARNASS"
- 1615 - "Igice cya kabiri cyumurwi wa Brilliant Don Quixte kuva Lamanchi"
- 1615 - "Urungano umunani n'umunani, New, ntabwo rwatanzwe kuri stage"
- 1617 - "imitako ya Peryl na Sikhism"