Ubuzima
Schmidt Amazina, kuva mu rundi ndimi n'indi ndimi, yimuriwe i Kuznetsov, yambaraga abantu benshi bazwi - abahanga n'abanditsi, abakinnyi n'intwaga. Schmidt ebyiri zizwi cyane mu Burusiya - Liyetona w'inyanja yirabura, wabaye kumwe na peteroli ya ILFA na Yeva, imico ya Baja no gusetsa, na "Red Columbus" yitwa Otto. Umushakashatsi wa Polar yahujije impano ya mibare na geofiya hamwe nimpano yubuyobozi kandi yari afite isura ya Santa Claus.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Otto Yulievich Schmidt yavukiye mu kugwa kwa 1891 mu Bwami bw'Uburusiya. Muri firime yo ku bizima ku muhanga 1964, havugwa ko ukomoka mu mujyi wa Mogilev, watanze umusanzu munini muri siyanse, yabaye mu migabane ya Lativiya. Ibi ntabwo ari ukuri rwose: Abakurambere ba Schmidt baturutse kuruhande rwa se ni abadage.
Ibintu bishimishije bya biografiya yo hambere ya Schmidt:
- Mu 1897, inyandiko yerekeye Otto w'imyaka 6 y'amavuko yagaragaye mu kinyamakuru Mogilev - Umwana yatsinze uruzi rw'umujyi kavukire;
- Kumyaka 8, umuhungu yarose kuba "Umuyobozi" wubutayu bwa Sahara kugirango akemure ikibazo cyamazi;
- Mu mahugurwa muri Gymnasium ya Kiev, Otto yigeze yiga gihamya ya nyirizina yahawe inzu kandi mu gihe igisubizo cyagaragaje ko yifujwe n'ubwifurijwe nuburyo bwifuzwa nuburyo bwayo bwifuzwa nuburyo bwayo bwifuzwa nuburyo bwamenye.
Mu busore bwe, Schmidt yakoze urutonde rwibitabo bifuza gusoma. Byaragaragaye ko kugirango ibyo bitekerezwa bizakenera kwirinda urupfu mumyaka igihumbi. Umusore yagabanije urutonde inshuro 4, kimwe no kwegera ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'inzozi, yagabanije igihe cyo gusinzira no kurya.
Nyuma yo guhabwa impaka ziva muri siporo yumudari wa zahabu, Otto yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Kiev. Imirimo ya siyansi yasohotse mumyaka yabanyeshuri murwego rwubuhanga bwo mumibare yafunguye umusore mubisangira (analogue yishuri rya kaminuza yagezweho). Umusore yarimo yitegura kubona umutwe wa Porofeseri.
Ibikorwa bya siyansi
Schmidt yemeye ko abantu babiri babagamo - siyanse n'ibikorwa: impinduka zubukungu-ubukungu zabaye mu Burusiya guhaza icya kabiri na Otto Kurenza ibya mbere. Mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, umuhanga yaje kuri Kiev Ibyishimo maze asaba guhangana n'inzara mu kwinjiza ikwirakwizwa ry'ibiryo na we.
Nyuma yo gutsinda impinduramatwara ya Replogy, Schmidt yinjiye mu ishyaka rya Bolsheviks, yimukiye i Petrogradup, hanyuma yerekeza i Moscou. Bidatinze, umuhanga yabaye umwe mu bagize komiseri y'ibiryo, yagize uruhare mu gushiraho ibyifuzo. Muri Mutarama 1919, mu izina rya Vladimir Lenin, Otto Yulievich angana n'umushinga w'itegeko kuri komine y'abaguzi. Pologiri y'ayozaza yakoraga no kuba yarabaswe n'ibiyobyabwenge - kunoza abakozi bashinzwe amagaji.
Umuntu w'ibitekerezo by'ibitabo, Otto Schmidt yabaye umwanditsi mukuru wa "Excclopedia nini y'Abasoviyeti" ", imirimo yari mu buryo butemewe - amakosa aboneka mu ngingo atishimangiye, ariko yakosowe neza. Nyuma yigihe, ibyagezweho numuhanga mubice bya geografiya na Astronomie byongewe muburenganzira bwurubyiruko murwego rwimibare.
Mu kinyejana cya 20 cyo mu kinyejana cya 20, Schmidt yaremye hypothesis yo kugaragara kw'izuba riva mu gicu cyagabanutse. Mu ntambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, kuba visi-perezida w'ishuri rikuru ry'ubumenyi, yateguye kwimura ibigo by'ubushakashatsi mu burasirazuba.
Ingendo
Muri Otto, Schmidte yabayeho Jules-Vernovsky wo gutembera. Umuhanga mu butaka, umuhanga "yarwanye n'imisozi yo kuzamuka mu Budage maze mu 1928 yateguye igikombe kugera ku gipami, kikaba cyatewe no gushyiraho ibidukikije n'ubunini nyabwo bwa Forcechenko Glacier. Mugihe Schmidt yatsindiye imisozi, Schmidt yerekanye bidasanzwe kugirango umuhanga ubushobozi bwo kuyobora abantu mubihe byihutirwa, yasuye mubukangurambaga bwimari muri Arctic.
Intangiriro ya Arctique Epopea Otto Julievich ashyira 2 koga ku ruce. SEDEREV ". Inshingano ya mbere - "siyanse na dipolomate" - gutembera ni icyemezo cyemejwe n'ubusugire bw'igihugu cy'Abasoviyeti kikiri muto mu gihugu cya Franz Yozefu. Ibyagezweho mu rugendo byari bizaza mu ibendera rya Sulfuru-Inyundo ku kirwa cya Gucker hamwe n'inyandiko yo kwinjira mu ntara zo mu majyaruguru. Mu mpera za kabiri zo mu majyaruguru, Otto Julievich yemeje ko ikirwa cya viza cyafunguye, gifunguye, kimeze nk'isi ya Neptune, n'imibare y'imibare, kandi ikirwa cyitwa Schmidt.
Mu 1932, umuhanga, mbere gato, ayobowe n'ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi cya Arctique, yagiye koga mu bwato bwo mu rupfu "alexander Sibiryak" kugira ngo atsinde inzira yo mu nyanja. Ku munsi wa 14, abitabiriye ubukangurambaga batangijwe i Arkhangelsk bahobera ku isi mu majyaruguru hamwe nabashakashatsi ba Polala bava hariya hashize imyaka 2 mugihe cya kabiri cya Schmidt Arctique.
Kubera ko isuka iri hagati y'izinga rya Bolshevik na Taimperr yuzuyemo urubura, abagenzi bahisemo kurenga Archipelago mu majyaruguru, kugeza igihe bishobokaga mu bwato ubwo ari bwo bwose. Ku ya 10 Nzeri, Km 200 kuva kuri Baring Strait Buce yamennye koga uruziga rw'urubura, kandi Sidiryakov arahaguruka. Kuzamura inyuma no gukuraho gusenyuka, ikipe ya lassil yakubise toni 400 z'amakara kumazuru. Nyuma yo gusanwa, ibishishwa bya lisansi byasubiye mu biryo, kandi Abanyasiberiya bakomeje koga.
Hanyuma akurikira impanuka ya kabiri. Abasare mu mazi yo mu nyanja barera ubwato bwo hejuru ya icebreaker, bakuramo ubwato n'imiti yinsinga, yaturitse kuri totus ukoresheje Ammonal. Mu ntangiriro z'ukwezi kwa kabiri ku ya 1932, Sibiryarkovtsy yageze Cape Dezhnev no kuramutsa intsinzi n'ibihe. Bidatinze, Otto Schmidt yabaye umuyobozi mukuru w'ubushakashatsi bwa porolande.
Mu cyigero cy'umwaka utaha, intiti izwi cyane ya Arctic Epic yatangijwe - koga ku bwato "Chelyiskin", icyongereza Cyiza Cyiza Bernard Shaw yashushanyijeho ibyago. Ubwato bwamazi-abagenzi bwateraniye ku bwato bwa Danemark ntabwo bwahujwe no kugenda mu ntara.
Ku ya 23 Nzeri, urubura rwahagaritse icyombo mu mwanya w'impanuka y'umwaka ushize "Sibiryakov". Kubwibyo, hakurikiranyweho amezi agera kuri 5, maze ku ya 13 Gashyantare, ice floes yirukanye parike, kandi "Cheluskin" yarohamye. Mu kwibeshye, Zatsise yishwe, izina ryaho ryabaye mu izina ry'umujyi wa Schmidt.
Abantu 104 basigaye, barimo abagore 10 n'abana babiri, bamara amezi 2 ku rubura maze bimurwa mu ndege zirenga 20 zo gutabara. Schmidt yashyigikiye umwuka wa bagenzi be ndetse no gusoma ibiganiro bya siyanse mu ihema. Otto Julievich yari agenewe kwimurwa ku cya nyuma, ariko arwaye umusonga uremereye, kandi mu gutsimbarara ku bushake guverinoma yibasiwe ku ya 11 Mata yimukiye mu bitaro bya Alaska.
Moscou yahuye na "CheluskintEv" nkabatsinze. Amafoto menshi yafashwe na Muscovite, ikaze kwakira abarashi. Abashinzwe gutabara babaye intwari za mbere z'Abasoviyeti, kandi abantu bakuru bitabiriye urugendo rukuru bakiriye itegeko.
Mu 1937, indege hamwe na Otto Schmidt hamwe n'abandi bashakashatsi bo mu majyaruguru bageze muri Pole y'Amajyaruguru, maze sitasiyo y'Abasoviyeti ifite izina nk'iyi yari ifite izina hafi ya "Makushka". Umutware w'isi ku isi ya Sitasiyo yo gutembera yari Ivan Papanin, nyuma yanduye na Schmidt uhereye ku mwanya w'umutwe w'umutwe.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Muremure, ubururu-ubururu, hamwe numucyo wumucyo wihuta, washakaga gusetsa undi ari hejuru ye, Otto yishimiye gutsinda imibonano mpuzabitsina myiza. Abagore batatu bakundaga bagaragaje umuhanga abahungu batatu.
Umugore wa mbere Otto Yulievich - Umuganga Wishingwe Vera Yanitskaya - yari aruta Umuhanga imyaka 2. Indorerezi kuri mwene Voloeda yabaye urufatiro rw'umugore rwo kwandika igitabo "Diary ya Mama". Vera Fedorovna, wapfuye afite imyaka 47 avuye ku ndwara ya glande ya tiroyide, ni we washinze deviet deepiet.
Uwo mwashakanye wa kabiri wa Schmidt, Urungano rwo Kwizera Yanitskaya, Margarita Qosker yari umuntu urwana. Sigurd Schmidt yagiye mu cyambu cya nyina maze aba umuhanga mu by'amateka uzwi. Epopeya Epopea yatanze igitekerezo kubuzima bwihariye bwa Otto Juliyevich. Kuva muri umuhanga yatwite Alexander Gorsaya, wakoraga kuri parike. Umukinnyi wa Polar ntabwo yasenya ishyingiranwa afite umuhigo, ariko umuhungu wa SASHA yemeye izina rye rya nyuma.
Urupfu
Mu myaka yashize, uwahoze ari narwaye cyane. Impamvu y'urupfu mu byumweru bike kugeza isabukuru yimyaka 65 yari igituntu, cyajugunywe mu bihaha kuri larynx.
Imva y'u Rwanda iherereye ku irimbi rya Novodevichy ryo mu murwa mukuru w'Uburusiya.
Kwibuka
- Ikigo cya fiziki cyitiriwe O.yu. Schmidt Ishuri Rikuru ryubumenyi
- Asteroid (2108) "Otto Schmidt"
- Ikibaya cya Schmidt muri Antaragitika
- O. YU. Igihembo cya Schmidt cyishuri ryubumenyi bwikirusiya kubikorwa bya siyansi byingenzi mu bijyanye n'ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere Arctike.
- Cape Otto Schmidt - Cape kuri Chukotka (RF)
- Cape Schmidt - Gutura mu mujyi wo gutura kuri Chukotka (RF)
- Schmidt Avenue muri Mogilov (Repubulika ya Biyelorusiya)
- Umuhanda wa Schmidt mu kazu ka Nikolina Umusozi (Akarere ka Odesovo wo mu karere ka Moscou, RF)
- Inzu Ndangamurage y'Ishuri "inkuru yo kumenya Arctique. O.yu. Schmidt Mou "Gymnasium No 4" Intherk (RF)
- Peak O.YU. Schmidt (5954 m) - "TianHhana Kanchinjung" (Azwi ku izina rya Peak)
- Icebreaker yumushinga 51 "Otto Schmidt" (kuva 1938, Anastas Mikoyan, yahagaritswe mu 1968)
- Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi Ubushakashatsi ku mushinga 97N "Otto Schmidt" (igihe gikora: kuva 1979 kugeza 1991).
- Amazina: Oyuschinsch (a): "Otto YulidAvich Schmidt ku rubura", Lashmidtal (A): "Inkambi ya Schmidt kuri bara", ingando ya Schmidt muri Arctique "
- Bust o.yu. Schmidt mu nzu ndangamurage y'amajyaruguru (Arkhangelsk, RF)
- Kashe ya posita 1935, 1966 na 2001. kurekura.
Bibliografiya
- 1916 - "INGINGO ZIKURIKIRA"
- 1926 - "DEATIQUES NA SECOVE NEWANDA: Ingero zo Kwirinda Umubare Mubwiza"
- 1933 - "Itsinda ry'abavoka ridasobanutse"
- 1934 - "Iperereza rya Arctike muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti"
- 1936 - "Inshingano zacu mu 1936. Raporo mu nama y'abakozi bo mu rugo muri sisitemu ya GlavSevorthuti kuri SCSC scc 13 Mutarama. 1936 "
- 1944 - "Igitekerezo cya Meteorite kikomoka ku isi n'imibumbe" (DOKL. Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi RyssR)
- 1947 - "Ku buryo bushoboka bwo gufatwa mubukanishi bwo mwijuru"
- 1948 - "Ikibazo cyo Gufata mu Murimo Wimibiri itatu"
- 1949 - "Inkomoko y'isi n'imibumbe"
- 1957 - "Inyigisho enye ku nyigisho y'isi"
- 1959 - "Ibikorwa byatoranijwe. Imibare "