John Cabot - Ifoto, ubuzima, ubuzima bwihariye, butera urupfu, umushakashatsi

Ubuzima

Umutaliyani Naviganni Caboto, uzwi cyane ku isi nka John Cabot - umuntu wa mbere wageze kuri banki ya Kanada. Ingendo za Cabota zifatwa nkinyigisho za mbere yiburayi ryigice cyo ku nkombe za Amerika ya ruguru.

Mu bwana n'urubyiruko

Giovanni Caboto, wavutse mu 1450, birashoboka ko ku ya 2350, bishoboka ko ku ya 23 Gicurasi, yazamuwe mu muryango wa Julio Caboto n'umugore we, hamwe n'umuvandimwe Piro.

Imijyi y'Ubutaliyani na Castiglion-Kyabarese bifatwa nkibibanza bishoboka cyane. Abahanga mu by'amateka bashingiye ku buryo bwa mbere, kuko mu bubiko bwa Gaeta Hariho inyandiko (guhindura 1443) kubyerekeye ubwoko bwa Caboto. Icyakora, Pedro de Aiala, umugenzi w'iki gihe, mu mabaruwa yandikiwe ikamba rya Espagne yasobanuye John Kabota nk '"indi genomez, nka Columbus." Castiglione-KyaBAREZA ni umujyi mu ntara ya Genoa, na Gaeta - mu Ntara ya Latina.

Birazwi kumenya neza ko ejo hazaza havuzwe Amerika ya Ruguru n'Ubwenegihugu bw'Ubutaliyani.

Kubyerekeye ubuzima bwa John Cabota buzi bike. Mu 1476, yabaye umuturage wa Repubulika ya Venetiya, yasabye byibuze imyaka 15 atuye mu mujyi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umuryango wa Uhugura wakoze bitarenze 1461.

Iherezo

Ubwenegihugu bwa Venetiya bwahaye Kebotu uburenganzira bwo kwitabira ubucuruzi bwa Martime, harimo mu nyanja ya Mediterane. Ubukorikori bwakoze ubwenge bw'Ubutaliyani mu bumenyi bwibicuruzwa byiburasirazuba - ibirungo na silk. Mugufasha kubarabu, Kabot yashishikajwe n'aho ibirungo biva. Duhereye ku bicu, umugabo yanzuye avuga ko ahavurwa ibirungo ari Ubuhinde. Icyifuzo cyo gusura iki gihugu na Cabota cyahumetswe kubera ibintu.

Ukuri k'ubuzima bwite bwa John Cabota tuzwiho archives. Rero, na 1484, umushakashatsi yashakanye na Matei kandi afite byibuze abana babiri. Muri rusange, abahungu batatu barezwe mu muryango - Louis, Santo na Caboti ya Santo na Sebastiya. Bose hamwe na se, bazengurutse isi.

Ku ya 5 Ugushyingo 1488, John Kabot yavuye i Venise nk'umudeni udasimba yimukira i Valencia. Abashakashatsi bagerageje gufata, bavugana n'ubuyobozi bw'inzego z'ibanze, ariko muri Espagne bakarangura iperesi, nta muntu wagize ingaruka ku mugizi wa nabi muto.

Kuba i Valencia, John Cabot Montecalunha (nuko umugenzi avugwa mu nyandiko z'ibanze) yatanze gahunda yo kuzamura icyambu, cyanze. Mu ntangiriro ya 1494, umugabo yimukiye i Seville, aho yakoraga mu kubaka ikiraro cyamabuye hakurya y'uruzi rwa Guadalquivir. Uyu mushinga watereranywe n'ifatwa ry'abayobozi mu Kuboza uwo mwaka.

Nyuma yo kunanirwa mu murima wa Engineer Kabot yibutse urukundo rukunda inyanja. Yasabye abayobozi ba Seville na Lissabon kugira uruhare mu gutegura urugendo rw'ingendo ku nyanja ya Atalantika. Utiriwe wabonye igisubizo, umugabo hagati ya 1495 yajuririye Guverinoma y'Ubwongereza. Kuba yarabyinjije inkunga, Giovanni Caboto yinjiye mu bwenegihugu bw'Icyongereza, abaye kabo.

Urugendo n'ubushakashatsi

Mu 1480, John Kabot, kuba umucuruzi, yajuririye abayobozi bristoli kugira ngo bategure urugendo rwo gushakisha muri Berezile - ibirwa by'uruhinja, bikaba biri mu nyanja ya Celtic, yari mu nyanja ya Atalantika. Ikirwa cyakurura ibihuru by'igiti cya Berezile, byashobokaga kubona irangi ritukura. Intsinzi yuru rugendo yazana ubwoko bumwe bwubutunzi kuri cabota, ariko nyamuneka wibuke.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20, umuhanga mu by'amateka w'Ubwongereza Elvin Radok yasohoye ibyangombwa, akurikije icyo John Kabot yageze muri Londres kugira ngo abone uruhushya rwo gukora urugendo rw'ibendera ry'Icyongereza. Umwe mu masoko ye yabyaye se wa Giovanni Antonio de karubonari, kugirana umubano mwiza n'umwanda wa cyami, yerekanye ingenzi ya Henry.

Muri Werurwe 1496, Kabot yakiriye inguzanyo ya Florence, nubwo ari amafaranga menshi akenewe mu koga, ariko ntiyashohoje ikibazo cyo gutera inkunga. Muri icyo gihe, Heinrich VII yahaye umugenzi "koga mu bice byose, uturere twoherejwe n'inkombe y'iburasirazuba, inyanja y'uburengerazuba n'amajyaruguru." Inyandiko yerekanaga ko urugendo rwa Kabota rugomba gutangira kuva Bristol, kandi ubuvumbuzi bwakozwe mu rugendo bwabaye umutungo w'Ubwongereza.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Birashoboka, mu mpeshyi ya 1496, John Kabot yatumye koga kwa mbere. Intego y'ubushakashatsi, inzira n'ingendo n'ingendo ntibizwi. Ahari Ubutaliyani buracyafashe icyemezo cyo kugera ku nkombe za Berezile ndende. Gusa ikintu cyerekana ukuri kwishyiriraho ni ibaruwa ya Bristol Umucuruzi wa Bristol John Daia kuri Navigator Virtoher Columbus yanditswe mu gihe cy'itumba ryo mu 1497. Benshi mu bacuruzi basobanuye urugendo rwa kabiri rwa Cabota, ariko hariho amakuru nkaya:

"Yagiye mu bwato bumwe afite ikipe itarimo, hagati mu nzira isigaye nta bubiko maze yiruka mu bihe bibi, nuko mfata icyemezo cyo gusubira inyuma."

Ubukangurambaga bukurikira bwa Cabot bwafashe 1497. Ibyerekeye urugendo ruzwi cyane cyane kuva Bristol. Nk'uko, ku ya 24 Kamena, "igihugu cya Amerika cyabonetse n'abacuruzi ba Bristol." Ubwato "Matty", birashoboka ko yitiriwe uwo bashakanye Matteiche, yagiye mu cyambu ku cyambu cyo ku ya 2 Gicurasi hamwe n'abantu 18-20 bari mu bwato bagasubira ku ya 6 Kanama.

Ibintu bishimishije biturutse ku rugendo rufunguye mu mabaruwa ya John Daia, uwikeka ko abahanga mu by'amateka, bari kuri Matayo. Umucuruzi yerekana ko ubwato bwamaze iminsi 35 mu nyanja ifunguye. Ibikurikira, hashize ukwezi kwa Cabot mwiyeguriye kwiga Sushi, yimuka yerekeza muri Berezile. Inzira yo kugaruka yatwaye iminsi 15.

Nukundira kwa mbere kwa Kabot byatangaje ko igihugu kiri mu Mwami w'icyongereza. Ahantu nyako wo kugwa igihe kirekire nibwo havugwa amakimbirane y'abahanga mu by'amateka na bagenzi be. Nk'ihitamo, Ibirwa bya Labrador, Maine, Cape Breton, Cape Bonavist yasuzumwe. Mu isabukuru yimyaka 500 yo gutembera kwa Kanada no mu Bwongereza, ahantu hateganijwe kureba ikirwa cya Caber New Vewfoundsland.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Icyemezo cy'uyu mwanzuro ni ibaruwa ya Ambasaderi wa Milan Raymonto de Raymondi de Sacino, yanditswe nuko urugendo rw'ikoro yasanze ikirwa cya Newfoundland, "amafi ya Ray". Nyuma, ingingo yo mu nyanja ya Atalantika ikungahaye mu nyanja ya Atalantika yakiriye izina rya Banki nini ya NewFoundland.

Umucuruzi Lorenzo Pasque yaturutse muri Venise mu rwandiko, uwakiriye ntazwi, yerekana ko urugendo rwa Cabota ntakindi kirenze ibihuha. Ninvy "Venetiyani wagiye i Bristol mu bwato buto, agaruka avuga ko yasanze isi mu migani 700 ivuye i Bristol." Amaze kunyura ku nkombe z'impimbano 300, Cabot ntabwo yahuye n'abantu, ahubwo yasanze - umuriro, umwanda winyamanswa, ibikoresho byo kuroba - byemewe kwemeza ko kuri iyi si hari abaturage kuri iyi si.

Elvin Radok, yerekeza ku ibaruwa ya Giovanni Antonio de Karubonary, avuga ko abasare ba Bristol bavumbuye igihugu hejuru y'inyanja no mu rugendo rwa Cabota, bityo uruhare rwe muri siyanse irahemutse cyane. Nk'uko umuhanga mu by'amateka, akoresheje inkombe za Amerika ya ruguru rwabaye imyaka 20 mbere ya Navigator y'Ubutaliyani. Ariko, ibaruwa ivugwa iracyaboneka kuko itazwi, ni ubuhe bwoko bwa Archives yajuririye.

Asubira i Bristol, John Kabot yagiye ku bazima. Ku buvumbuzi bw'agaciro ku ya 10 Kanama, 1497, umugenzi yakiriye umushahara wa £ 10, muri ibyo bihe byari bihwanye n'umushahara w'umukozi usanzwe cyangwa umuhanga mu myaka 2. Ukuboza k'uwo mwaka, Heinrich VII yashyizeho ikaramu ya £ 20 ku mwaka.

Ku ya 3 Gashyantare 1498, umushakashatsi yakiriye ipatano yo gutembera, kandi yari asanzwe muri Gicurasi, yazanye amato 5 mu cyambu cya Bristol, umwe muri we yari afite umwami. Ibikoresho bimwe byabitswe imyenda n'abinjira, Kabot byateganyaga gucuruza urugendo.

Muri Nyakanga, umwe mu mato yaguye mu muyaga maze ahatirwa Moori ku nkombe za Irilande, ibisigaye mu buryo busigaye byakomeje inzira. Mu 1498, abakozi ba Cabota bageze kuri Amerika ya ruguru bajyana ku nkombe. Bavuga ko urugendo rwarangiye ku rubibe rw'uturere two muri Espagne muri Karayibe, ariko nta makuru yizewe yerekeye ibyabaye muri ubwo buryo.

Urupfu

Itariki, ibihe nibitera urupfu rwa John Kabota biracyari igisitaza. Byemezwa ko amato yazimiye mu nyanja asubira mu nzira, ariko nibura umwe mu bagize abakozi, Lancelot Tirkill, yapfiriye i Londres asanzwe mu 1501.Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Dukurikije ubundi buryo, Kabot yapfiriye munzira. Itegeko rifata umuhungu we w'imfura Sebastian. Nkuko, umusore yagiye mu kirenge cya Data, mu 1508 akora koga muri Amerika ya Ruguru, kandi mu 1526-1530 - mu majyepfo.

Elvin Radok yerekana ko Kabot yagarutse amahoro mu Bwongereza mu mpeshyi ya 1500. Umwanzuro nk'uwo wamateka wakoze hashingiwe ku ikarita ya Juan de LA amaca mashya, yari mu itsinda ry'Ubutaliyani. Yakubise amanota ya nyuma ya geografiya mu 1500.

Kwibuka

Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Cabota ku isi, cyane cyane mu Bwongereza, amashusho atabarika hamwe n'inzego z'ubwubatsi rwahariwe kwibuka umushakashatsi.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Rero, ku gihugu cya Newfoundland no muri Bristol ku isabukuru yimyaka 400 yo koga, iminara ya Kabota yagaragaye, imwe muri zigera ku burebure bwa metero 30. Mu isabukuru yimyaka 500 ya Cape kandi inkombe za Bristol "zashyizwe ahagaragara" kopi z'umuringa "Matty".

Newfoundland na Labrador, Square i Londres na Montreal, kaminuza i Roma, ishuri gatolika muri Kanada bitiriwe Kabota. Ariko ibintu byingenzi byamateka nuko ingendo za John Cabot zahumetswe henry Hudzon koga.