Ubuzima
Izina ry'umukobwa w'Abanyamerika Samantha Smith mu myaka ya za 1980 ryumvikanye buri muturage wo muri Usssr na Amerika bijyanye n'ibaruwa izwi cyane yanditswe n'umunyamabanga mukuru wa komite nkuru ya CPSU Yury Andropov.Uruzinduko rwakurikiyeho umukobwa mu mujyi wa Soviet Soviet wahamagariye itangazamakuru rikabije kandi rikora nk'intangiriro y'ibikorwa byayo nkamahoro na Ambasaderi w'ibibazo na Ambasaderi ukiri muto na Ambasaderi w'ibibazo, akaba yarashakishije ibisubizo by'ibibazo bijyanye n'umutekano n'imibanire hagati y'abaturage ba Imbaraga ziyobora isi.
Muri 2016, Umuyobozi w'Uburusiya Andrei Sombolev yahinduye amateka y'umukobwa w'umunyamerika muri film ntagatifu ", kandi uruhare runini rwakinnye na Daniel Strakhov, Alina Babak na Inna Gomez.
Ubwana
Ubuzima bwumukobwa wumunyamerika Samantha Reid Smith bwatangiye ku ya 29 Gahane 1972 mu mujyi muto wa Howleton, uherereye ku mupaka wa Amerika na Kanada. Nyuma yo kuba umwana wenyine Arthur na Jane Smith, bafite imyaka 5, yamenye ko ari ikibonezamvugo kandi agaragaza ko umwamikazi wa Eliyani w'Ubwongereza Elizabeth II.
Mu myaka yishuri, umuryango wa Samantha wimukiye muri Manchester, ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cy'ikiyaga cya Cobbosikti, aho se wari wakoraga nk'umwigisha, yakiriye umwanya w'abarimu mu bitabo muri kaminuza nini ya Maine. Umubyeyi yakoraga mu mibereho nyamukuru y'umujyi no igihe cye cyose cyeguriwe uburere bw'umukobwa, wabaye umunyeshuri w'amashuri abanza mu 1980.
Kuba umukobwa usanzwe uturuka muri Amerika, Samantha yakundaga siporo kandi yari umunyamuryango w'ikipe yo muri Afurika kuri softball na Hockey ku byatsi. Izuba Rirashe, umukobwa wa Smith hafi ntabwo yari afite inshuti kandi mugihe cyacyo yagendaga ku muzingo wabo, yakinnye kuri piyano arasoma. Ibitabo byashizeho imiterere yumukobwa kandi utanga ibibazo byinshi mumutwe, kubabyeyi badashobora guhora baha igisubizo cyuzuye.
Nibwo buryo bwabaye mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, iyo umubano uri hagati ya Ussr na Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika wari ugeze ku ndunduro z'intambara kubera intambara muri Afuganisitani mu Burayi. Muri iki kinyamakuru, ikinyamakuru gihe cyatangaje amakuru yamakuru kubyerekeye igitutu cyumuyobozi mushya w'Abasoviyeti maze ashyira gufotora kwe ku gifuniko.
Amatsiko Samantha yarebye mu gitabo kandi yibaza niba umunyamabanga mukuru wa Ussran ashaka kose kurimbura isi rwose imitwaro ya kirimbuzi. Mama ntiyashoboraga gutekereza ku nshingano kandi agirwa inama umukobwa wandikira Yuri Andropov no gutondekanya imigambi y'umutegetsi. Ugushyingo 1982, ubutumwa budasanzwe, bwuzuye impungenge z'ubana kubwumutekano wabantu kwisi yose, yoherejwe kuri Kremlin. Iragira iti:
"Nyakubahwa Bwana Andropov,Nitwa Samantha Smith. Mfite imyaka icumi. Twishimiye akazi kawe gashya. Mfite impungenge cyane, niba intambara ya kirimbuzi izatangira hagati y'Uburusiya na Amerika. Ugiye gutora kugirango intambara itangiye cyangwa ntabwo? Niba urwanya intambara, mbwira, ndakwinginze, nigute ufashe gukumira intambara? Birumvikana ko udategetswe gusubiza ikibazo cyanjye, ariko ndashaka kumenya impamvu ushaka gutsinda isi yose cyangwa byibuze igihugu cyacu. Imana yaremye isi kugirango tubane kandi tuyitayeho, kandi ntiyigeze amutsinda. Nyamuneka reka dukore uko ashaka, kandi abantu bose bazishima. "
Ibaruwa yaje ku kubarizwa no mu mpeshyi yo mu 1983 yanditswe mu gitabo "Ukuri", n'ibyumweru bike, igisubizo cya Andropov, cyatanzwe ku giti cye ku mukobwa w'ishuri ryabanyamerika.
Umuyobozi w'Abasoviyeti yagerageje gusobanura neza kandi asobanurwa neza imyanya ya Samantha ya UssR irwanya intwaro za kirimbuzi kandi yarahiye cyane, itazashyira mu bikorwa mbere na Amerika cyangwa ikindi gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose.
Ati: "Turashaka ko isi - dufite icyo gukora: Gukura imigati, kubaka no guhimba, andika ibitabo no kuguruka mu kirere. Turashaka amahoro kuri wewe no ku bantu bose b'isi. Mu gusoza Andropov mu gusoza Andropov mu gusoza ibaruwa.Byongeye kandi, umunyamabanga mukuru wa komite nkuru ya CPSU yatumiye umuryango wa Smith mu rwego rwo muri Amerika mu 1983 kandi ku giti cye kandi ku giti cye kugira ngo guverinoma igirane iz'ubutegetsi ndetse n'icyifuzo cyo gushinga umubano n'abandi bihugu .
Urugendo muri usssr
Inzira y'urugendo Samantha Smith mu mijyi y'Abasoviyeti yatangiye gutegura amezi abiri mbere yuko yerera uruhushya rwemewe n'umuryango w'ishuri ryabanyamerika. I Moscou, intumwa nto yageze ku ya 7 Nyakanga 1983. Umukobwa wakiriye iyo ambasaderi ukiri muto w'ibyiza, yahuye n'imbaga y'abantu bahangayikishijwe n'ibyakozwe mu mahoro Intambara y'ubutita n'irushanwa rya kirimbuzi.Ubwa mbere, Samantha yasuzumye ibiranga umurwa mukuru, birimo Kremlin, imva yumusirikare utazwi, Mausoleum ya Lenin n'amazu yubusoji buhebuje bwa USSR. Nzi neza amateka y'Abasoviyeti, umukobwa yubashye kwibuka cosmonaut ya mbere Yuri Gagorin, hanyuma akomeza uruzinduko mu kigo cy'Abintu cyose "ark".
Abana bashishikaye bemera umuyobozi wamahanga wubaha icyubahiro kwambara ubupayiniya, kandi mugihe cyo kwiyongera kwereka ahantu hashimishije cyane mu nyanja yirabura. Samantha yabonye inshuti nshya, muri bo harimo Umukobwa wa Leningrad Nasha Kashiria n'abandi bakobwa bo mu mijyi itandukanye y'Abasoviyeti.
Urugendo rw'ibyumweru 2 rurangiye usssr, umuryango wa Smith wahuye n'imbuga zo mu majyaruguru no mu bitabo bya Tanya Savicheva bize ibintu bibabaje byigihe cyumujyi wumujyi mu 1941-1944. Umurage uhanga wabantu b'Abarusiya, watanzwe mu rukiniro rushingiye ku migani mu ngoro ya Leningrad y'abapayiniya hamwe na ballece y'imikino ngororamubiri hamwe na ballet, ntibisigaye.
Samantha ntiyashoboye guhura n'umunyamabanga mukuru wa komite nkuru ya CPSU Yuri Andropov, ariko yahuye n'intwari y'Abasoviyeti - Umugore wa Cosmonaut, Valenaut Valentina Tereshkova.
Mbere yo kugenda murugo, umukobwa wumunyamerika yakiriye umubare munini wimpano ninyuguti. Umunyeshuri winshuti winshuti yari ategereje umukobwa winshuti yinshuti hamwe nukuboko kwe ku kwizera no gushimisha ubuzima bwemeza ubuzima:
"Azabaho".Ibikorwa by'imibereho
Amerika yahuye na Samantha nk'intwari y'igihugu. Ku kibuga cy'ikibuga cy'indege cya Leta gishinzwe ubushake bwiza, itapi itukura, Limousine n'imbaga y'abafana bashishikaye bafite indabyo. Mu kanya nk'ako guhumbya, umukobwa yabaye icyamamare yatumiwe n'uruhare rwa TV rusanzwe "na" Charles mu gusubiza ", Samantha yagiranye ikiganiro n'abakandida ba George McGovern kandi Jesse Jackson.
Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1983, umuryango wa Smith wasuye Inama nyunguranabitekerezo mpuzamahanga mu mujyi wa Kobe kandi wari uhari mu nama na Minisitiri w'intebe wa Yasuhiro Ekasanoe.
Samantha yavugaga imbere y'abari bateranye mu rugendo rwabanjirije maze asaba abayobozi b'imbaraga za kirimbuzi rimwe mu mwaka kugira ngo babone abuzukuru. Uyu mukobwa yavuze ko bizashimangira umutekano w'isi kandi byafasha gushinga imikoranire hagati ya guverinoma ndetse n'abantu ba Leta bari bafite intwaro zica zinshi mu mbaraga zidasanzwe.
Aba n'abandi batekereza umukobwa w'ishuri bakurikiranye mu gitabo "Urugendo rugana Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti" zahinduwe mu ndimi nyinshi z'isi. Imishinga yuburenganzira ya Samantha yaje guhumanya intumwa nyinshi z'isi ku mibonano mpuzamahanga kandi zitanga inama ya Perezida Ronald hamwe n'umukobwa wa Soviet Katya Lycheva.
Urupfu
Ubuzima bwa Samantha Smith bwari bugufi cyane kubwo kwizihiza gahunda yo kugera kure yo kuregera amahoro kwisi yose. Ku ya 25 Kanama 1985, umukobwa yapfiriye mu mpanuka y'indege yashishikarizwa n'Abanyamerika 99, gukubita ibiti igihe yagwaga mu kibuga cy'indege cya Auburn-Lewirt-Lewistton.Impamvu zitera urupfu rwa ambasaderi muto w'ibyiza uzakomeza kuba amayobera, ariko, uko bamwe mu bashakashatsi b'abanyamahanga, gusenyuka bifitanye isano no kutumvikana hagati y'Abasoviyeti n'Abanyamerika.
Icyakora, abahanga mu by'amateka benshi bakurikiza verisiyo yemewe y'urupfu rwa Samantha no guherekeza se, bakurikije uwo muderevu atahanganye n'ubuyobozi no mu bihe bibi bireba umuhanda.
Isi Iteka Yibutse Kumwenyura Umukobwa ushize amanga kandi uhagaritse wigaruriye miriyoni ntabwo yimitima itabyemera. Abanyamerika barenga ibihumbi 1 bababajwe no kubura intwari nto, wari ufite ikimenyetso cyumutekano wisi no gukemura umubano hagati ya leta ya UssR na Amerika, bitabiriye gushyingura.
Kwibuka
- Mu 1985, ku bushake bw'umubyeyi wa nyina w'abapfuye, urufatiro rwa Samantha Smith, rwakoraga mu gutegura uruzinduko mpuzamahanga hagati y'Abasoviyeti na Amerika.
- Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, ikigo cya Faplomasi yabana cyaremewe i Moscou, kugeza ubu imirimo yimiryango ihanitse nuburusiya mu Burusiya.
- Ahantu h'urupfu rw'umukobwa wo muri Amerika mu 1986, hashyizweho urwibutso rwa Glen Heje, ariryo shusho yuzuye ya Samantha, wakoze ikimenyetso cy'isi - inuma, n'izina na bas- Amashusho y'abatabazi y'umunisiteri muto yabaye umurage ndangamuco w'imijyi itandukanye y'Uburusiya.