Ubuzima
Mu mateka y'isi, umwamikazi wa mbere wa Espagne Isabella Castilskaya yasize akantu ko ari umutegetsi ukomeye, wa kure cyane. Yategekaga igihugu i Tandem n'umugore we Ferdinand Aragon, bityo iki gihe cyitwaga Inama y'Ubutegetsi y'abami. Iki gihe kigaragazwa numubare munini nudushya dufite akamaro gakomeye.
Mbere ya byose, abo bashakanye bunze ubumwe bwa Espanye, bakora ishyingiranwa ryimpanuka. Kuba Umugatolika umwete, Isabella byashimangishije Sentare ya Espagne kugira ngo dushimangire ubuziranenge bw'ukwemera Gatolika, dutwara ibihumbi by'Abanyamerika mu gihugu. Umwamikazi ukomeye wahawe umugisha wo gukwirakwizwa kwa Christopher Columbus ku isi, kandi gufungura umugabane wa Amerika habaye intangiriro yo gukoloniza ubukoloni bushya kugeza mu bwami bukomeye kugeza hagati mu kinyejana cya XVI.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Isabella i Catilkaya yavutse ku ya 22 Mata 1451. Data - Juan II, umwami wa Castile, Mama Isabella Igiporutugali cyaturutse mu ngoma ya Aviyani cyaturutse ku ngoma ya Aviyani, cyari gihagaze ku ntebe ya Porutugali mu kinyejana cya XIV. Yari afite imyaka 19 igihe umwami wapfakazi wimyaka 42 yajyana umugore we.
Ivuka rya Isabella ryashimangiye ubuzima bwumutima. Ndimo guhura no kwiheba nyuma, yavugije induru kandi afite isuku. Mu 1453, Umwamikazi yabyaye Huan Alfonso. Ariko umwami ntiyigeze agira umwanya wo kwishimira isura y'umurakarasi, icyo gihe yari asanzwe yambaye ubuzima maze nyuma arapfa.
Urupfu rw'uwo mwashakanye rwazimiwe ISABELA Igiporutugali kugeza Leta y'umukara. Umuhungu warokotse muri Juan II yaje ku ntebe ya Castilian muri ubukwe bwa mbere Enrique IV yashoje inzu ya nyina - Isabella na Alfonso - Arnalo.
Ubwana bwumwamikazi buzaza bwakorewe hano. Yakiriye uburere n'uburezi yashyize ku bakobwa bose b'icyo gihe. Umusore wigishije abadipolome yibanze, abashinyaguzi, yubahiriza imihango y'idini. Umukobwa cyane ku isi yakundaga gutsinda mu mfuruka yikitabo hanyuma usome ibitabo ku buzima bwabantu bakomeye.
Mu myaka 10 yaretse kuba hafi. We na Alfonso bavuze mu kwiheba kwa nyina bazana Erique mu rukiko. Igisubizo nk'iki cyayobowe n'amateka ya politiki. Umwami Errique, nubwo yashyingirwa kwa kabiri, aracyakomeza kuba umwana, aho abantu batishoboye bafite imbaraga. Nibyo, uwo mwashakanye wa kabiri juan portuguese yabyaye umukobwa wa Huan, ariko kubera guhuza umwamikazi na Aristoc de La La Cueva, ati: "Umukobwa yahamagaye Juan Beltttor.
Kubura umuragwa utaziguye, inkomoko yabo ntiyemeze, guhatira umwami atabanje gufashanya murumunawe kwa murumunawe alfonso. Enrique yateganyaga kumurongora umukobwa we Juan, ariko alfonso ibabaza ipfa mumyaka 14. Urubyaro rwa Juan II rukomeje kuba mukobwa Isabella.
Yiyongera hamwe nubaha Imana no gufunga, asoma byinshi, amara umwanya mumasengesho no kurota ubuzima bwihariye. Imbere ya politiki kandi ntazamuhangayikisha, kandi Isabella yanze gutanga uburenganzira ku ntebe y'ubwami.
Kuri we, ni we Disri IV ubwe. Mu 1468, igihe Isabelle yari afite imyaka 17, yatangarije umurage we w'intebe ya Castilian, yubaka umwamikazi uzamuka umwamikazi. Uburinganire bwa mukuru mukuru w'umwamikazi w'ejo hazaza byasobanuraga ko agomba kwemeranya n'ubukwe bwa we. Isabella kandi yatewe isoni kandi abakandida batangwa na Enrique, bashakanye rwihishwa Porne Ferdinand Aragon.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Uhereye ku ruhande, ubukwe bwibanga busa nkaho bwakozwe nurukundo no kwambara kamere y'urukundo. Ariko, ucire urubanza kubera ko umugeni n'umugeni bahuriye i Valladolid, ubu bukwe bwakozwe mu nyungu za politiki.
Umwami Aragon - Data Ferdinanda - yabonye muri iyi ngingo yo guhuzaga hamwe na castile. Na Isabella ubwe, ntashaka kuba imbata mu maboko y'uwo bashakanye bahuye nabyo muri politiki (ni we mukandida harimo kurongora na murumuna we wa kabiri - igikomangoma gikiri gito, na we wiyemeje gutura mu kigo, Wubahe amategeko yigihugu kandi ntugafate igisubizo udafite ubumenyi bwumwamikazi.
Ubukwe bwibanga bwarangiye ku ya 19 Ukwakira 1469. Resinue ya Ferdinand yagombaga kubona Incognito, yashyushye n'abacuruzi, Isabella yavuye ibwami avuye mu ngoro munsi yo kwitwaza nyina urwaye.
Amateka asobanura igishushanyo cyumugeni ukiri muto: Amaso yubururu-ubururu, imitwe ya zahabu nimpu zera, physique ntatandukaniye mububata nubuntu. Isabella yari hejuru yuwo mwashakanye. Ferdinand, kuba muto kurenza umugore we umwaka umwe, yari yuzuye kuri we: umukara nkumuyaga wa smt, uruhu rwijimye, amaso yijimye. Yatangajwe n'umugabo mwiza, yari afite abana 2 batemewe mbere yubukwe, yatijwe mubukwe na Isabella.
Mubumwe bwumuyobozi, abana 10 bavukiye Ferdinand na Isabella. Muri bo, muri ibyo, hari abakobwa 4 gusa n'umuhungu 1 gusa - Juan Asturia, na we utaba ku ngoma kandi apfa afite imyaka 19.
Abakobwa ba Isabellas basize amateka yabo mumateka. Bose uko ari bane babaye abamikazi. Isabella Asturiaskaya na Maria Aragonian bashakanye n'umwami wa Porutugali Umwami wa Porutugali I (Ovdov, yashakanye na murumuna we wa mugore). Umuto Ekaterina Aragonerskaya yabaye umugore wa leperiary Icyongereza cy'Icyongereza Umwami Henry VIII Tudor. Hanyuma, umusazi wa Juan, intebe yimukaga yimuka, yari umugore we Umwami wa Espagne Filipo mwiza.
Iherezo ry'intebe n'inama
Isabella yihutiye kugera ku ntebe y'ubwami, yibwira ko yerekeye umwamikazi w'ikigare na Leon ku ya 14 Ukuboza 1474, nyuma y'urupfu rwa Enrique. Umwami mbere yuko urupfu rwababarira umwuka wa mushiki we maze wemera ko ubukwe bwe na Ferdinand. Mubyukuri, ubu bumwe, bufatanye castle na Aragon, byashizeho ubwami bwa Espagne (Ishyirahamwe rya politiki ryuzuye ryabaye hamwe no kwinjira kwa Navarre mu 1512).
Abashyigikiye Juan Beltrunha batangiye kwigaragambya ku nkombe za Isabella kuzungura. Umwami wa Porutugali Amonous V yifashishije iki kibazo: Yashakanye na Juan (kuba nyirarume) maze yirukanwa mu gihombo kugira ngo asubize uburenganzira bw'umwana we ku ntebe y'ubwami. Uru rugamba rwarakomeje kugeza 1479, kubera iyo mpamvu, impande zombi zashoje isi.
Gufunga imirongo yigihugu, Umwamikazi wishora muri gahunda yimbere: yashyizeho gahunda na disipuline mu ngoro, ntabwo yatandukanye ivugurura ry'amafaranga n'ubuyobozi, ivugururwa.
Kuri Isabelle, Ermandada Utagatifu yagaragaye - Ibicuruzwa bitwaje intwaro ku kurengera umutekano, ibi bigarukira cyane kuri guverinoma ya Espagne na Cortes. Imbaraga za cyami, muburyo, yazamutseho byinshi kandi yungutse.
Amateka yimyaka 30 yubutegetsi bwumwamikazi Isabella, byibuze ibintu 3 byingenzi byagize ingaruka kumateka yisi. Iya mbere ni iherezo ry'umwicanyi, intambara yera, yatangajwe n'abakristu gutera abarabu no gutera amadini y'Abayisilamu mu gice cya Pyrenean muri Pyrenean. Kugeza ku ya 1492, Granada ni yo yose yakomeje ku butegetsi bw'Abarabu. Gufata ingabo za Isabella na Ferdinand yo muri uyu mujyi byasobanuraga ko guhangana kw'imikino yo mu kinyejana cya 7.
Isabella kandi yategetse muri Espagne Arabu n'abayahudi bose kugira ngo barwanye ubuziranenge bwa Gatolika. Inviera igomba kuva mu gihugu cyangwa gufata Gatolika. Umwe, kuba yarabonye kwizera gushya, yitegereza rwihishwa imihango ishaje, yatwitse kuri boncoration ya Sentare. Nyuma, birababaje byatangiye gutura mubice bitandukanye byitwa Ghetto.
Hanyuma, gahunda ya gatatu ya Isabella, wabaye inkuru, ni ibikoresho byo kugendera mu nyanja ya Christopher Columbus, ibizavamo byarivumbuwe mu bihugu bishya byuburayi mu gihe cyo kuva 1492 kugeza 1504.
Urupfu
Mu myaka yashize, ubuzima bw'umwamikazi bwaragabanutse: imyanya myinshi yo kubyara kandi yarambuye yakoze akazi kabo. Afite imyaka 50, yahindutse igikundiro, ibyo bituma abakobwa bashyingiranwa nundi bwami.
Gukubita bya nyuma kuri Isabella byahindutse ukuri guteye ubwoba: Umugore yamenye ko umukobwa ukunda Juan ari mwiza cyane kandi yishimye - abaha ikibazo cyo mumutwe, nka nyirakuru.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Umwamikazi yakundaga umurage w'intebe ya Espagne, ariko ku bushake bwerekanye ko ku bijyanye n'umukobwa udafite intego, se Ferdinand ashyirwaho regent. Mu Gushyingo 1504, Isabella yapfiriye i Medina del Campo kubera impamvu yo kwihangana. Imva y'umwami iherereye muri Shapeli ya Royal muri Granada.
Mu 1515, umugabo we Ferdinande yashyinguwe iruhande rw'umwamikazi. Yarokotse uwo bashakanye imyaka 11, aho yaba yategetse rwose leta maze ava mu ikamba ry'umwuzukuru wa Karl Habburg - umuhungu wa Juan basazi na Filipo mwiza.
Kwibuka
Ubuzima bwumugore Ukomeye mugihe cyose yakwegereye abanditsi, ububiko n'abahanzi. Kamere ya Isabella Casticiliya yatsinze ababimenya. Uburyo bwe bw'ubuzima butanga ibitabo bya Lorenz Shunovier "Umusaraba wambukiranya", Khttsorsor ", Victoria Holt" Umwamikazi Catils "Espagne ku bami."
Abakinnyi benshi bazwi bazwi cyane ku ishusho y'umwamikazi Isabella muri sinema: 1492: Watsinze paradizo "(1985), Fay Danaway muri Filime" Christopher Columbus : Yatsinze Amerika "(1992), Florere Eadridge muri RIBE" Christopher Columbus "(1949).
Isabella Castilskaya igaragara no mu rukurikirane ruzwi cyane muri Turukiya "ikinyejana cyiza". Inyandiko zazanye inkuru, hakurikijwe infanta yo muri Corsiasi yashimuswe, kandi umwamikazi uzaza aba imbohe ya Sultan Suleiman. Ariko, ibyabaye byasobanuwe murukurikirane ntaho bihuriye nukuri kwamateka.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Umwamikazi asebya chess, no guha icyubahiro ishusho "umwamikazi" yatangiye kwitwa umwamikazi.
- Hariho umugani wo kugota Granada Isabella wahaye Zaveri kudakaraba kugeza umujyi waguye. Nyuma yigihe, imyenda ye yimbere yabonye tint yumuhondo, aba Espaderi uyumunsi yitwa "Isabel".
- Umwamikazi yashimye imyelayo, ariko nka dessert gusa, akurikije icyemezo cye, abatetsi b'ikigo bari bafite imbuto mubuki.
- Kubikoresho byo gutembera, Columbus umwamikazi Isabella ndetse yashyize imitako ye, ariko ibi ntibigihagije kugirango bashyigikire urugendo rwuzuye. Martin Alonso Pinson yafashije mu bijyanye no kuvugurura amafaranga - umukire wa Espagne.