Ubuzima
Ibikorwa bye byintangarugero ya soviete, hanyuma sculpor yikirusiya Ernst itazwi muri Amerika. Shebuja yakunze igihugu kavukire, nyuma yo kwimuka, inzibutso zumutima nka "masks" i Yekaterinburg, igihugu nticyabishima. Izina rya Ernst ritazwi ntabwo rimenyerewe kuri buri wese, ariko umurimo we urasanzwe: Abahawe impano za "Teffi" baracyatanga statuette ya stalpor.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ernst IodiFovich umuntu utazwi yavutse ku ya 9 Mata 1925 i Sverdlovsk (ubu aha Ekaterinburg) mu muryango wa Otrinolaryngologiste Joseph Moidesvich na Soviet Poetess poemuvna. Ernsta iodifovich's ubwana bwa Ernsta bwarabaye ituje, badahatiye kandi baragwa. Yize ku ishuri No 16 ya Sverdlovsk, ntabwo yakiriye ibigereranyo byinshi, ndetse no hasi. Byose kuko umuhungu yatanze ibyo akunda, kandi ntabwo "abarambiranye" siyanse karemano.
Mu 1939, umuntu utazwi yerekanye bwa mbere umurimo w'abaturage, abigiramo uruhare mu marushanwa yose-yose yo guhanga abana. Yazanye ikintu gishya cyo kwerekana buri mwaka kugeza igihe yinjiye mu ishuri rya kabiri ry'ubuhanzi ku ishuri ryo mu Burusiya bwose mu 1942.
Muri Kanama 1942, abantu 17 w'imyaka 17 batagaragaye bajya mu kwiga imashini ya gisirikare ya Turukimenisitani. Umwaka wasabye umusore mu iterambere ry'ubumenyi bushya, no mu Kwakira 1943 ryerekezaga ku ngwate ntoya mu bari kumwe mu kirere gusa yashinze imbere ya 4 ya Ukraine.
Muri Werurwe 1944, umuntu utazwi yabaye umuyobozi wa aplatoni y'imbunda y'abazamu ku nkomoko y'ingabo za 5. Umucungezi w'ejo hazaza ntabwo yicaye mu mwobo, yerekanaga ubutwari n'ubutwari mugihe cyo guhagarika Budapest. Igihe kimwe Ernnst Iodifovich yakiriye inyandiko yavugaga ko yishe abantu 16 murugamba rugera ku ntoki.
"Nabateye ubwoba, simbyibuka ibi. Ndabyibuka, nahise ntekereza nti: "Tugomba kurwana, ugomba kurwana. Nta bundi buryo bwo gusohoka. Urupfu rurihe? ". N'ikinyamakuru kitazwi ko mu kinyamakuru, maze mu kinyamakuru kitazwi ko nanoneye atigeze apfa. "Mugutegeka intambara nini yo gukunda igihugu, umuntu utazwi yabonye imvune nyinshi kandi hafi yacitse ubuzima. Ku ya 22 Mata 1945, iminsi 17 mbere yo kwiyegurira Ubudage bw'Abanazi, inzoga zizaza ni kumeza yo gukora muri Otirishiya. Cyari gifite 3 disiki, kandi umwobo ushimishije wuzuye umwuka.
Umusore yarokotse 7 inkoni ya diafragm, umudozi wuzuye wibihaha, ariko kubwibyo byatangajwe ko yapfuye. Kuberako ubutwari bwerekanwe ku rugamba, butazwi "nyuma y'uruhererekane" yahawe gahunda y'inyenyeri itukura (uwo muntu yakiriye nyuma yimyaka 25) n'umudari "w'ubutwari". "
Ubuzima bwumusirikare ukiri muto yakijije umuganga wumurima wabonye ko brings aodifovh ihumeka. Nyuma yo gukora umubare munini, umurwayi yaba umurwayi yari afite umutekano. Nibyo, indi myaka 3 nyuma yintambara, itazwi yagendeye ku nkoni, zigenda zigenda zifite umugongo wahagaritswe, ububabare bwarohamye bwarohamye morphine gusa, bikabije. Ariko, ndetse nabakomeretse biteye ubwoba ntibyashoboraga gutandukana nuwatazwi nubuhanzi.
Kurema
Mu 1946-1947, uwamugaye ntiwashyizwe mu bikorwa n'ubumenyi yabuze intambara mu ishuri ry'ubuhanzi i Riga, hanyuma yinjira mu kigo cy'ubuhanzi cya Moscou. V. I. Shukova. Hano, umuntu utazwi yakiriye itegeko rya mbere rikomeye - igishushanyo mbonera cyimirwango y'urwibutso rwa Ya. M. Sverdlova (ubu - Inzu Ndangamurage ya Yekaterinburg). Ku imurikagurisha, umunyeshuri yagize ishyaka "Yakov Sverdlov ahamagarira abakozi ba Murwaruka ku bakozi b'intwaro" kandi ibihimbano "Yakov Sverdlov atangiza Lenin na Stalin."
Imirimo ikorwa mu nzego zamagari zashyizwe mu imurikagurisha, kandi mu myaka ya za 70 bagerageje guta. Niba abakozi ndangamurage badahishe amashusho yimpapuro zibanda, hakiri kare wabuze. Kuva mu 2009, ibi bikorwa 2 byuzuza Imurikagurisha rya Yekaterinburg.
Impano y'uwahoze ari umusirikare mu 1950, kandi umwaka wa 5 wo kubaka Kremlin zatoranijwe igihembo cya Stalin, nyuma y'ingoro ndangamurage y'Uburusiya.
Mu ntangiriro ya 1950, umuntu utazwi, wamaganye amahano y'intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, yateje urugamba "rw'intambara - iyi ..., we wongeyeho igishusho" umusirikare wapfuye "(1957). Iyi shusho yasutse mu muringa ni igicucu kibeshya, hafi yo kunyerera, icyuho cyatewe n'igituba mu gituza, ariko umupfundiki wajugunywe imbere nk'ikimenyetso cy'abatari ku musirikare w'Uburusiya.
"Umusirikare wapfuye" ni igishusho gito, ariko muri iyo myaka itazwi yatangiye gutangira ku mibare urwogosha. Yagaragaje igitekerezo cya alubumu, yitwaga "Giantajah, cyangwa Intambara y'ibihangange".
Umukinnyi utazwi yasuzumye "igiti cy'ubuzima", umurimo watangiye mu 1956 ukomeza kwimuka. Dukurikije igitekerezo cy'Ubukorikori, urwibutso rufite umutima wagombaga kuba rugizwe na Mebius 7, "Imbere" ntirwazuzwa n'imibare y'abana n'abantu bakuru, ibice n'ibimenyetso.
Kuva mu 1998, umuntu utazwi yashoye mu "giti cy'ubuzima" agera ku bihumbi 800. Kuva mu mufuka wawe. Umuyobozi wurwibutso rwa Moscou, Yuri Luzhkov, ahateganye n'inyubako z'Ubunyamabanga bw'Inama Nkuru y'ubukungu ku ntwaro nshya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu 2004, "igiti cyubuzima" cyashushanyijeho guhaha no kwidagadura "ikiraro" imigambi ". Mu gishushanyo, Yuri Gagarin na Buda, kaseti ya Möbius, kubambwa, ibibanza byo kwirukanwa muri paradizo bifatwa mu gishushanyo.
Umwaka ku wundi, umuntu utazwi yerekanye ibishusho, adakunda imirimo ya Masters Sovieti: "Kwiyahura" (1958), "Adasi" (1962), "Umuhango wo gushinikwa" (1961-1962)) . Ikibabaje ko imibare yuzuzanyije imurikagurisha rya Avant-abarozi i Moscou, ryatangiye kwizihiza isabukuru y'imyaka 30 ishami rya Moscou bo mu Bumwe bw'abahanzi. Mu bashyitsi bubahwa harimo Nikita Khrushchev.
Umuyobozi wa Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti Guhangana kw'abahinzi-balunti-abahinzi ntibashimye. Mu mvugo iteye isoni, HE ORURUGA na ERNTSTANI NTIBIZI, yita umurimo we "Degenerative".
Bikekwa ko Nikita Khrushchev atanenga Masters cyane, niba yari azi ko yatsindiye amarushanwa yose yerekeye kurema inzibutso nziza mu ntambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu Dogtoevsky "ubugizi bwa nabi n'igihano". Muyandi magambo, Utazwi yagaragaye arwanya inyuma yundi banyabwenge nabahanzi. Mu nzira, nyuma yo guhindura Erghtnst Joenforevich yashushanyijeho ibitabo bya Dante Aligiery na Samuel Beckett.
Birashimishije kubona imva ya Nikita Khrushchev ishushanyijeho urutoki rwahimbwe kandi ashushanywa nuwatazwi abisabwe na bene wabo wahoze ari umutware wa USSR.
Kuva mu ntangiriro za 1960 mbere yo kwimuka mu 1976, umuntu utazwi yashinze ibishusho bigera kuri 850 - "Kuvuka bidasanzwe", "kubaka abantu", "kubabara", "masike". Kumyaka 15, birashoboka kugurisha akazi 4 gusa kuriyi mibare.
Umuntu utazwi ntabwo yifuzaga kuva muri Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, ariko imbaraga "zamuhatiye". Muri Kamena 1973, Umunyabusireri yashyizeho inyandiko zo kwimukira muri Isiraheli, kandi muri Werurwe 1976, nyuma yimyaka 3 aguma mu makosa, anyura mu Busuwisi muri Amerika. Mu 1977 hatura i New York.
Igikorwa kinini cyane cy'abatazwi mu kwimuka ni urwibutso rw'abazize gukandamizwa. Umunyabugeniya yibajije kurema "inyabutatu y'akababaro" "- Triptech ku Rwibutso i Magadan, Yekaterinburg na Vorkuta. Igitekerezo cyari gifite uruhare mu gice. Urwibutso rwa metero 15 "umubabaro wa mask" wagaragaye i Magadan mu 1996. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'utazwi, muri 2017, mask ya metero 3 "y'amavuko: Uburayi - Aziya" yafunguye muri Yekaterinburg, yahinduye cyane kugereranya igishushanyo cya mbere. Triptych ntabwo yongeyeho urwibutso muri Vorkuta.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ernsta yari itazwi ifite abagore 2. Iya mbere ni ceratis Dina Petrovna Mukhina. Umukobwa wa OK yavukiye mubukwe, wabaye umuhanzi.
Mu mwaka wa 70 w'ubuzima, Umunyabusireri yashakanye na Anna Graham, umusemuzi. Bose hamwe bazuye umukobwa Olivia. Ukurikije Utazwi:
"A ona yafunguye urundi ruhande rw'ubuzima, ntabizi ntiyari azi: kuba umugabo kandi akaryozwa."Mbere, umugabo ntiyigeze agira ibintu biranga ubuzima, nkuko yabisabye.
Urupfu
Erntardy w'imyaka 92 ntiyagaragaye ku ya 9 Kanama 2016, nyuma y'uburwayi bumaze igihe kirekire, i New York. Kumenyekanisha icyateye urupfu rw'urupfu rwabasilog byateje Peresidashimishije pereya ku buzima bwe bwite: bivugwa ko Anna Graham yaje ku mugabo we n'umucyo mu myaka yashize.Imva ya Ernst itazwi iherereye ku kirwa cya Shelton i New York. Umuhango wo gushyingura wabereye muri katedhodox Nikolsky muri Manhattan. Nk'uko, Umunyabyaha wa Feligi, umugabo "yasabye ko nta mbuto zashyizwe ku mva, kandi umusaraba wa orotodogisi gusa." Birashoboka ko ubushake bwa nyuma bwibi bitazwi bwasohoye, ariko ifoto yemeza ko ibi ntabwo.
Akazi
- 1962 - "Centaur ivuga"
- 1966 - "Prometheus n'abana b'isi"
- 1971 - "Indabyo ya Lotus"
- 1988 - "Binyuze mu rukuta"
- 1993 - "Umuntu arataka"
- 1994 - Offeus
- 1995 - "Umwana wa Zahabu"
- 1996 - "Umubabaro wa Mask"
- 2000 - "Ububyutse"
- 2004 - "Igiti cy'ubuzima"
- 2017 - "Makk Agahinda: Uburayi-Aziya"