Diocletian - Ifoto, Ubuzima, Ubuzima Bwantu, Urupfu Impamvu, Umwami w'Abaroma

Ubuzima

Umwami w'abami w'Abaroma wa Diyosezi yari umutegetsi udasobanutse. Hamwe na hamwe, mu kinyejana cya IV, ibitotezo bikomeye byatangiriye ku bakristo, habaye ivugurura ryitwa Tetrarchy, - Ubuyobozi bwa Leta binyuze mu bantu bane, bashyiraho intangiriro. Diyosezi yabaye umwami w'abami w'Abaroma wa mbere yanze ku bushake n'ubuyobozi.

Mu bwana n'urubyiruko

Dukurikije ibitekerezo by'umuhanga mu by'amateka Timoteyo Barnes, kubara ubuzima bw'umwami w'abaroma bwakorewe ku ya 22 Ukuboza 244. Umuhungu wavukiye i Dioklettia, umuhungu yakiriye izina ryikigereki DIORZ (cyangwa Diocl Valery).

Ababyeyi ba Diocla bari mu shuri ryo hasi, birashoboka ko se yandikaga, se sogokuru ni umudendezo. Umutegetsi w'ejo hazaza h'ingoma y'Abaroma itandukanye mu bwenge butyari, yari afite abakozi, yafashije Diokla kwinjira mu ngabo z'Umwami w'abami Gallien kandi bahita bazamuka vuba ku ngazi.

Umuganda

Nta makuru nyayo yerekeye imyaka 40 yambere yubuzima bwa Diyocla, bifatwa ko yakoreye muri Gaul. Mu mateka y'Abaroma ya 282, hari ibyinjira umwami w'abami yashyizeho iki gihe cy'ejo hazaza birinda abakozi bo mu rugo rwingabo z'inzoka zifitanye isano n'ingoro.

Imodoka yapfuye afite imiterere idasobanutse (uhereye ku mwora cyangwa ku ndwara) hagati y'intambara hamwe n'igihugu. Inganda z'inama y'ikibaho zahinduwe mu maboko y'abahungu ba Karina na Murungana. Abavandimwe bagabanije ububasha, Karin yafashe imyanya mu burengerazuba, umubare - mu burasirazuba. Aba nyuma, urebye urupfu rwa se ikimenyetso kibi, yashimangiye gusohoka mu ntambara. Umubare wapfuye vuba bihagije, utabaye imyaka nimyaka ku ntebe. Impamvu y'urupfu rwose ntabwo izwi - ubwicanyi bwakozwe na perefe wa ague, cyangwa uburwayi bw'amaso.

Umubare wamakuru amaze gupfa, ingabo z'Abaroma zanze kwakira Karina umutegetsi wuzuye. Ku mujyanama wa Gisirikare ku ya 20 Ugushyingo, 284, hashyizweho abayobozi n'abasirikare batorewe kuba umwami w'abami. Umutegetsi mushya yasobanuwe mu magambo nk'ayo:

"... Umugabo uzi ubwenge wakundaga leta, abo ayobora bashobora kuba barashoboye gukora uko ibihe bisabwa. Yahoraga yuzuyemo imigambi mishije. "

Kuri uwo munsi, Diyocl, yamaze kujya mu myenda ya magenta, yarahiye ubudahemuka muri Leta maze yemera ko urupfu rwaba rwanini. Vino y'ubwicanyi bwaryamye kuri APRA. Imbere y'ingabo, umwami mushya yashyize ahagaragara inkota atwara umuhemu. Nyuma yibyo, "umuhango" Diocl yafashe izina rishya - Umusore Aureli Valecletiya.

Inteko Nyobozi

Mu burengerazuba, yari agituwe cyane na Karin. Ntabwo yari agiye kureka Diyocletiya nta ntambara, kandi abatavuga rumwe na leta bimukiye ingabo. Abami bateraniye mu mpeshyi ya 285 ku ruzi rwa Marga (Noneho morava). Ku ruhande rwa Karina, hari ingabo zikomeye, ariko ntiyifuzaga kumvira umutegetsi, wakoreshejwe nabi ku masezerano imbere ya Sena no gushukwa n'abagore ba ofisiye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ingabo za diyocletiya zatsinze, Karin apfira mu maboko y'ubwoko bwe. Intsinzi yaranze ubumwe bwahoze bwibwami bwa roman munsi yumwami umwe.Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Ibikorwa bya Diocletiya byari bigamije "gutya", ariko amakimbirane aho yari abitse mu karere k'ubutaka. Maximian yafashije umwami w'abami, inshuti imaze igihe, muri 286 yabaye umuyobozi. Imyandikire y'ibiro yashyizeho idini: Diyocletiya yafashe izina ry'Imana ya kera y'Ikigereki ya Jupiter, yerekana uruhare runini mu bijyanye n'uburahure, kandi rugaragaza uruhare runini - Hercules - Hercules, umufasha w'intwari wa se w'imana zose.

Nyuma yo gutandukanya ubutegetsi, Maximian yerekeje mu burengerazuba, kandi Diyosezi ari iburasirazuba. Mu 288, umwami w'abami w'Abaroma yagejejeje amasezerano mu mahoro n'Ubuperesi, ashyira intambara Intambara yatangiriye i Kara.

Hagati aho, Maximian ntiyagenze neza. Karaus, ushinzwe ibikorwa kuri PIRATES, yakomeje gufata ibicuruzwa. Maximian yatanze igihano cy'urupfu, maze atangaza ko ari umutegetsi kandi asaba Ubwongereza no mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Gallia kugeza ku myigaragambyo ifunguye na Diyocletian na Maximian. Umwami mukuru wa Roma, yatangaga inshuti mu buryo bunyuranye no gusobanukirwa umwanzi.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Mu ntangiriro za 291, abaheburiye bemeje ko ntamaboko ahagije yo gucunga Leta. Bahisemo "kugabana" bagatora Abanyakanayi babiri. Guhitamo kwaguye mu guhoraho kwa chlorine na galeria byinshi. Gukomeza Ubumwe bw'Ubumwe bujyanye n'ihuriro bujyanye: Urubanza rwajyanye n'umugore we Feodoro, Padder yasabye ubukwe bwa Uzami hamwe na Galeriya Valeria, umukobwa wa Digicletiya.

Ubumwe bwitwa Tetrarchy, ni ukuvuga "Ikidage cya kane", bivuze ko umuryango wa diyocletiya, bityo diocletiya na Maximian kuri ubu bahamagaye abavandimwe, kandi ubudake kandi buhoraho bwemera ku mugaragaro abahungu babo. Nyuma yo kugenda k'abami bakuru, "abaragwa" bageze ku butegetsi.

Mu 294, Umwami Narsa yaje ku butegetsi, yahise atangaza intambara y'Ubwami bw'Abaroma. Umuseke wa mbere waje kuba ikigo cyingabo mu ifasi ya Arumeniya. Diocletian Hulil "Mwana" kuri Missses, no mu myaka yakurikiyeho, intsinzi zikomeye zatsinze gallery. Muri 299, Narisa yasenze agirirwa imbabazi, gutsindwa cyane mu bihugu n'ubutunzi. Ku ifasi y'uwahoze ari Ubuperesi, Umwami mukuru yateguye manda, ni ukuvuga ubwogero bwa kera bw'Abaroma.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Gusubira mu rugamba, abami na "abana" babo batambwe ku nyamaswa kwiga ejo hazaza. Padiri ntashobora "gusoma" imbere, ashinja abakristo bitabiriye umuhango. Hanyuma abaho bategetse abagize ibwami bose kwitabira igitambo cyo kubara abantu, pantheon y'ibitagenze neza y'Abaroma.

Bifatwa ko George Kwamamaza ibitotezo aribwo buryo bwa gipagani, ntabwo ari digicletiya, wenishingiwe no kwihanganira idini. Icyakora, ni we, umwami mukuru, mu 302 yatangije abayoboke b'umuhanuzi Mani, bivugwa ko bakangishije ubwami. Bwira ko idini rya Mani ryavuye mu Buperesi. Abantu bamwe batwitse bazima, kandi hamwe nabo bakora manichaean.

Muri GASHYANTARE 30, Diyonezi yemeje amagambo yatangajwe yatangaje amafarashi agenga abakristu. Inzira yatangiye gusenya urusengero muri Nikomide. Ku ya 24 Gashyantare, Umwami w'abami yatangaje ijambo rya mbere ryibasiye abakristu, yategetse gusenya Ibyanditswe n'insengero zose. Abakristo bafashe uburenganzira bwo gusenga no kujya mu rukiko, imidendezi yasubijwe mu bucakara.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Amapitwa yakurikiyeho ya Diyocletian yategetse gufata abapadiri. Gereza zari zarengewe n'abayoboke b'ukwemera kwa gikristo, bagombaga kureka abagizi ba nabi basanzwe - abajura n'abicanyi. Mu Gushyingo 303, Umwami w'abami yatangaje imbabazi ku bemeye kuzana uwahohotewe ku mana, kandi nyuma y'umwaka amahitamo yatezaga cyane - uruhare mu bitambo cyangwa gupfa.

Hanyuma, guhagarika ibitotezo byashoboye Kontantin Umukuru, umuhungu winama ya chlorine. Amaze kubona ubutegetsi muri 306, we, nk'Umutware umwe rukumbi rw'Ingoma y'Abaroma, yatangaje ubukristo mu idini ryiganje.

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Mu 293, Diyosezi yashakanye n'umukristo Prisch. Gallery Valery yavukiye mubukwe, yakuriye mu kwizera kwa gikristo. Guhuza n'umwami ku giti cye ntibyakijije abagore ibibazo - mu 303, Pors na Galeriy bahatiwe gutamba inyamaswa "Whitewash" izina ryabo. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'ubutegetsi, muka Galerii, n'abagore ba Digicleti bashakishaga ubuhungiro ku bami b'Abaroma na Maximi wa Daza, ariko iherezo ryabo ryari ntegereje imbabazi: ariko iherezo ryabo ryari ryica mu 315.

Urupfu

Mu Gushyingo 30 Ugushyingo, ubuzima bwa Diyocletiya bwari bwari bwangiriye nabi cyane. Ntiyavuye mu ngoro kandi imbeho, yo ku ya 13 Ukuboza, inkuru y'urupfu iratandukanye. Nicomedia yagiye mu cyunamo, ariko ubusa - ku ya 1 Werurwe 305, Diyosezi yongeye kugaragara mu ruhame, ananiwe kandi amenyekana.

Galery, abona leta ya Data igoye, guhatira imbaraga. Ku ya 1 Gicurasi 305, ku musozi, aho Diyosezi yatangajwe ko ari umwami w'abami, yavuyemo ubutware. Mu mateka ya Roma ya kera, ibi byabaye bwa mbere. Muri icyo gihe, Maximian yatsinze umuhango wa Diyocletiya.

Nyuma yo kugenda kwa Diyocletiya na Maximian, tetrarchy yatanze kunanirwa. Abatuye Carnuta basenga abami b'imisozi basubira imbaraga kugira ngo bakemure amakimbirane y'intebe. Diocletian yashubije:

"Iyo umwami abami babonye imyumbati, nazuye hano n'amaboko yanjye, ntabwo yohereza kundeba kugira ngo nsimbuze iyi mfuruka y'amahoro n'ibyishimo ku isi, yuzuye umururumba."

Diyocletian yabonye uburyo gahunda ya tetrarchical yaguye, idaterwa no kwikunda abasimbuye. Yumvise Maximian yagerageje kugarura ubutegetsi, ariko yakatiwe kwiyahura no kwiyahura no kwiyahura, ni ukuvuga umuvumo wo kwibuka. No mu nzu yahoze ari ibishusho by'Umwami n'amashusho by'uwahoze ari "umuvandimwe" wahoze ari ".

Ahari muri Diyocletian Diyocletian yiyahuye. Urupfu rwaje ku ya 3 Ukuboza 312.

Kwibuka

Diyocletian ifatwa nkumuyobozi wumujyi wacitsemo ibice muri Korowasiya wa none, yakuze ibwami bwumwami. Uyu munsi, urwo rubutso rw'ubwubatsi, rwubatswe muri 305, rushushanyijeho hagati yamateka.