Ubuzima
Ubuzima bwa Livegrafiya bwo kumurikira mu burasirazuba n'umuhanga Francis Skisne afitanye isano no guhanga, ubuvuzi, filozofiya n'indimi. Umwe mu bahagarariye bakomeye bo mu nyanja ya Xv - intangiriro y'igice cya XVI ibinyejana bya XVI gusiga inzoga z'ubuziranenge mu buryo bwa Bibiliya cyahinduwe mu rurimi rwa Slavonike. Kugeza ubu, imiterere yumuntu wa eleki yashize yubahwa nabantu benshi balaviko. Izina rye ryitwa kaminuza n'umuhanda, kimwe na gahunda n'umudari wahawe ibyiza mu rwego rwa siyansi, ubuhanzi n'imibereho.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Francis Lukich Skangin yavutse ahagana mu 1470 mu mujyi wa Polotsk, mu bihe bya kera yari mu mbibi z'urwego rwa Grand Lituwaniya.
Kuvuga ababyeyi bitwa Lukian na Margarita babitswe mu gitabo cy'ibibazo by'ikimenyetso cy'Abapolonye Casimir iv byAgillon mu gihe cyakozwe ku bubato bw'amafaranga 42. Kandi nubwo umwuga n'imibereho myiza ya se na nyina byakomeje, abahanga basabye ko bafite amafaranga ahagije yo kwigisha umuhungu mu ishuri ry'abihaye Imana rya Bernardine.
Mu ntangiriro za 1500, umusore, wamenye impamyabumenyi n'ikilatini, yinjiye mu kigo cy'uburezi kinini muri Krakow. Tumaze kwiga 7 free arts, mu bari filozofiya, uburenganzira, imiti na tewolojiya, Francis yakiriye impamyabumenyi ihanitse, hanyuma ikirego icyifuzo kuko rugero doctorat mu University Butaliyani mu Padua.
Kumenya imvugo na rheoric byafashije Skorne kwemeza abahanga mu byanditswe ngo bumve umusore ukennye kuva ku mwamikazi wa kure. Ku ya 9 Ugushyingo 1512 mbere y'uwumva neza abahanga, afite icyubahiro yahagaze ikizamini 2 maze aba umuganga w'ubumenyi bw'ubuvuzi.
Nubwo Francis atigeze yiga mu kigo nkuru y'uburezi cya Repubulika ya Venetiya, hagati mu kinyejana cya 20, igishushanyo cye cy'imirimo y'umuhanzi waho yagaragaye ku rukuta rw'abarangije abarangije abahawe impaka.
Nyuma yaho, ubumenyi bwo kuvura Skarganin bwakoreshejwe kuri serivisi y'ibiro bitemewe n'Umwami wa Polonye niyize mu Butaliyani mu myaka ya 1520, ndetse nyuma yaho mu Bunyamabanga bwa Lituwaniya.
Ibitabo
Ibyabaye mu bihe bya Skorne mu 1512-1517, biracyakomeza kuba amayobera, ariko mu gihe amakuru akurikira, yavuye mu buvuzi maze ashishikajwe na Ticpography.
Gutura i Prague, Francis yateguye akantu atangira guhererekanya ibitabo bivuye mu rurimi rw'itorero kugera idini ry'iburasirazuba. Tumaze kugerageza ikoranabuhanga muri zaburi, babonaga ko yacapishijwe inyandiko ya mbere ya Biyelorusiya, Polotsk kavukire yerekanye abakomoka ku bitabo 23 by'ubuhinduzi bwa Bibiliya maze agira uruhare runini mu muco w'isi.
Abashakashatsi bagiye impaka igihe kinini ku rurimi rw'idini ry'idini, kubera ko igicuruzwa cy'amadini cyabitswe muri bo n'amagambo akoresheje staplerus. Kubera iyo mpamvu, banzuye ko ibitabo bya Printer byari inteko ya kera, byoroshe, byemewe kandi bifitanye isano n'ukuri.
Imirimo yaturutse imashini zo muri Skorne yari ikintu kidasanzwe icyo gihe. Yunganiremo abizimurwa bamenyereweho n'ibitekerezo, babonye imico y'isi kandi bakemera ibyanditswe byera ku basomyi urwego urwo arirwo rwose. Byongeye kandi, icapiro ryibanda ku bijyanye n'uburezi, mbere ibyo byagaragaye mu bikorwa bya filozofiya y'abahanga mu Burayi mu myaka yashize.
Kubishushanyo byibitabo, inka nke zitanga imizigo, monogramu nibindi bintu byo gushushanya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, inyandiko z'umwimerere ntabwo zabaye inzibutumwa gusa, ahubwo zikora ibihangano byiza.
Mu ntangiriro ya 1520, uko ibintu byavuzwe muri Prague byaretse kuba byiza, kandi Francis kureka inzu yo gucapa asubira mu gihugu cye kavukire. Umusaruro wo kwamuka muri Biyelorusiya, yarekuye mu cyegeranyo cy'inkuru z'amadini n'isi yo gusoma, kizwi ku izina rya "igitabo gito". Muri iyi nyandiko, printer yatumye umwanditsi kandi umurezi yamenyesheje abamwumva mu mahoro y'ingenzi y'amahoro karemano, avuga kuri kalendari, inyenyeri, ibiruhuko bya rubanda nibindi bibazo by'amatsiko.
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1525 ku makarisi iherereye mu mahugurwa ya Wilna, Skarganin yasohoye ibyabaye nyuma y'intumwa, hanyuma ajya gutembera mu Burayi.
Abashakashatsi baracyazi neza inzira yafashwe kandi ntashobora kwandika ibintu bishimishije nibintu byingenzi. By'umwihariko, nta gitekerezo kibi cyerekeye gusurwa mu Budage n'inama n'uwashinze Protestantism Martin Luther, intego z'ubutumwa bw'amashuri muri Moscou ziguma ku butavugwa.
Birazwi ko muri ibyo bihugu byo muri ibihugu by'uburinzi bw'iburasirazuba birukanwe kubera ibitekerezo bidatinze, kandi ibikorwa bye byasohoye ku busobanuro bwa gatolika byatwitswe kumugaragaro.
Nyuma yibyo, Skorin ntabwo yari amaze kwishora muri nyirayo kandi akora i Prague mu rukiko rw'umwami Ferdinand i abahinzi cyangwa umuganga.
Filozofiya n'idini
Mubw'ibanze n'ibitekerezo ku madini, Skarisn yerekanye nk'umufilozofe wakurikizaga umwanya w'uburezi abahanga mu bahanga mu Burayi bw'i Burengerazuba. Yahujije gushinga abantu kandi ahamagarira iterambere rya dipolome ninzandiko.
Nkumukunda igihugu cya Lituwaniya, Francis yakundaga cyane igihugu cye kandi yizeraga ko ibitekerezo bye byasabwaga gusangira umuntu wese wiyubashye. Inyandiko za Bibiliya zagize uruhare mu ikwirakwizwa ry'itangazamakuru, kwita ku burezi bwa kamere, imitunganyirize ya sosiyete no gushyiraho ubuzima bw'amahoro itekanye ku isi.
Nta kimenyetso kigaragaza idini n'amadini y'umudugudu wa Polotsk. Ububiko bwarinze impapuro, nk'uko Francis yashoboraga kuba mu madini ariho yari ariho, yahamagawe inshuro nyinshi umuhakanyi n'ahantu hotiwe.
Guhangana n'imirimo byanditswe mu rurimi rwa Gatolika, koba ishobora kuba umuyoboke w'itorero rya gikirisitu rya Gikristo w'Uburayi, bifatanije uwatwaye ukuri wenyine ku isi.
Mugutondaho, ibisobanuro bya "Migani bijyanye na Tsar Salomo" n "" indirimbo ", byaranenzwe kandi bitwikwa n'abapadiri ba moscore ya orotodogisi hagati ya 1530.
Byongeye kandi, umuvandimwe w'icapa John chrysans, ukurikije amateka y'amateka, yari Umugapiskopi w'ishyaka wa polotsky. Ibi biha uburenganzira bwo gutekereza ko abana b'ubwonko bose barera mu kwizera kumwe kandi babatizwa ku buhango, bimaze igihe kinini bashyirwaho n'ibipotsi.
Ariko, hari igitekerezo cya Francis rwose gishobora kwatura orthodoxie. Ibi bivugwa kuri iki gitabo cyo mu 1522-1525, aho ibintu biranga ibaba ryavuzwe mu byigisho bya gikristo byagaragajwe: Ikinyabupfura cy'uburasirazuba bwa Boris, Ikinyabutaro, Gleb n'abandi, Zaburi 151 Abarusiya Ibyanditswe.
Byongeye kandi, abahanga basanze nyuma y'ikizamini muri Paduaya yakiriye impamyabumenyi mu nyubako ya kaminuza, kandi atari mu rusengero, kimwe n'abandi Gatolika.
Idini rya gatatu kandi rishobora cyane ryatewe na Srurne rifatwa nk'ibiporotesitanti. Mu gushyigikira iyi, umubano n'abavugurura n'uwashinze Abalutemenisitani, ndetse n'umurimo wa Königsberg Albrecht Brandenburg Anbbakh, na we.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ububiko budafite impapuro hafi yubuzima bwihariye numuryango wa Francis Skorne. Kuva kuri meno ngufi birasobanutse neza ko hagati ya 1520, umugore wa Onliker yabaye umupfakazi w'abacuruzi witwa Margarita.
Byongeye kandi, amakuru akubiyemo amaboko y'aba biopilors, ku byerekeye umuvandimwe mukuru Ivan Skirne, wavuye mu mwenda wacapwe hamwe n'abahawe inguzanyo nyuma y'urupfu.
Ibi byabaye mu 1529, igihe Francis yabuze uwo bashakanye kandi arera umuhungu muto wa Simeyoni wenyine. Ingaruka zabaye ibyago, kubera ko umugabo ubabaye na se utababariyeho gufungwa umutegetsi wa Lituwaniya gusa yashyizwemo ko Skor Skorne w'Abaroma yashoboye kugeraho, umudendezo wo kurwara no kuburana.
Urupfu
Nkibintu byinshi biva mubuzima bwa Francis Skaryna, itariki nyayo nimpamvu yurupfu ntabwo izwi.
Abahanga bavuga ko ibi byabaye i Prague hafi ya 1551, kubera ko muri iki gihe byari ukomoka kuri printer yageze muri uyu mujyi kugira ngo binjire mu murage ku mutungo wa ba sekuruza.
Mu kwibuka ibyagezweho na Lekary, byacapwe, filozofiya kandi bimurikira mu murwa mukuru wa Biyelorusiya, yakoresheje imihanda minini, yashyize ahagaragara imihanda minini, yashyize ahagaragara imihanda minini, yashyize ahagaragara imihanda minini.
Kwibuka
- Gymnasium yitiriwe Educcis Skorne muri Radoshkovichi
- Avenue yo hagati yiswe Francis Skirne muri Polotsk
- Tract yitiriwe Efurina ya Francis muri Minsk
- Umubumbe muto №3283 "Francis Scarina"
- Filime yerekana amashusho "I, Francis Cumorin ..."
- Urwibutso Francis Skorne muri Polotsk, Minsk, Lida, Kalinged, Prague
- Icyubahiro cya Coin Ussr 1 ruble mu rwego rwo kubahiriza isabukuru yimyaka 500 ya Francis Skirne
- Kaminuza ya Gomel Yitiriwe Enccis Skorne