Amateka y'inyuguti
Inkuru ya Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev "mumu" ni umurimo wa kera wibitabo byisi. Iyi ninkuru ikora ku mutima kubyerekeye ibihe bigoye byigihome, indangagaciro zabo zoroshye nibisubizo bibi, birashobora kumutima wambaye kubantu babyungukiyemo imbaraga. Bishingiye ku nkuru ya Shottoon imwe.Amateka yo Kurema
Ubuzima bwumwanditsi bwagize uruhare ruheruka mubikorwa bye. Umuhungu wavukiye mu muryango wa nyir'ubutaka, yerekana ubugome ku bahinzi, umuhungu yarebye ihohoterwa rikabije ku badashobora gusubiza urwango rwe. Gusobanukirwa n'imbaraga z'abagizi ba nabi, Turgenev yarwanyije Serfdom. Muri iyo nkuru, "mumu" habaye kwerekana ibyabaye byabereye mumitungo we.
Kora ku nyandiko yagiye, mu gihe umwanditsi yari asozwe. Ntiyorohewe n'urupfu rwa Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. Kubera ko yari umwanditsi wa hafi, yari afite impungenge zikomeye ku rupfu rwe, atera uburebure bwa sicrolog. Nta jambo riri ku rupfu rwa Gogile mu icapiro. Ubucukuzi bwasohowe na Moscou ni cyo mpamvu Turvanev yafashe. Mu gasozi yari nyuma y'ukwezi kumwe.
Tumaze gufungwa, turgenev yabaga ku maso, iruhande rw'icyumba cyo kwicwa, aho abafunga bihagaze. Umwanditsi yahoraga yumva induru no mu mbanire y'abantu bafite ibyago bitari byiza. Ku buryo mu buryo bwabatangaje amarangamutima, imodoka yanditse inkuru ya "Muma", abakinnyi ba intwari, bisa na nyina na Manerity wa Andrei. Ibisobanuro byo kubaka byavuze ko igikorwa cyatera imbere munzu No 37, giherereye ku muhanda wa Ostozhenka. Iyi nzu i Moscou irashobora kugaragara uyu munsi.
Umugambi w'imirimo usa n'inkuru, Turgenev yarebaga umuhungu. Umuceri Atrei yari serf, yazanwe na nyina ukomoka mu mudugudu. Kugaragara k'umuhinzi byavuze ko yari umuhanga mu kirusiya. Ibibazo ni uko yari igipfamanuka. Mutarama yagize ibintu byiza biranga imiterere, yakwegereye nyir'ubutaka. Umujinya mwinshi kandi iyicwa ryaguye na nyirabuja, Moscou yose ivuga ku mbaraga ze nyinshi.
Umunsi umwe, Andrei yasanze igikinisho kimuzana mu gikari. Baryna yategetse gukuraho inyamaswa. Janator ntiyitinyutse kutumvira. Ntiyishe iki gikinisho, ariko ntiyongera kugaragara mu nzu. Turngwev yahinduye amateka yanyuma, yongera imbaraga zidasanzwe. Ibiranga intwari yibihimbano byari byimbitse kuruta prototype ye.
Ntabwo ari impanuka ko imiterere nyamukuru yitwa Gerasim, bisobanura "kubaha". Ibi byongeye gushimangira urwego rwo gusenga intwari mbere yububasha bwa hostess. Nyuma yakazi ka Turgenev yabonetse kuri rubanda, izina Gerasim ryakunze gutangira gukoreshwa nkizina. Bakunze kwitwa ibipfamatwi.
"Mu mu"
Isura nyamukuru yo gukora inkuru yari igihangange-kandi-ikiragi gerasim. Indwara yaherekeje uwo mugabo kuva akivuka, ariko yari yishyuwe igice kubera imbaraga z'umubiri. Ubucuruzi ubwo aribwo bwose umuhinzi yafashwe yashyizweho. Ubuzima mu Mudugudu n'Umujyi byari bitandukanye cyane n'umugabo. Ikiraro cyamabuye ninzu byatumye abifuza cyane mu mudugudu na kamere. Ameze nk'inyamaswa yo mu gasozi, ifunze mu kato, irakomereka.
Mu mujyi, Gerasim yari afite akazi gake, bityo habaho igihe cy'ubusa. Ntiyigeze avugana n'igikari, kubera ko isura ye itikenyera. Nyuma y'igihe, yatangiye kubona aho Tatiana ahari, yari afite uburakari. Yateye intambwe iteye isoni n'ibikorwa ku mugore, ariko icyemezo cy'Insungani cyabujije umunezero. Tatiana yashakanye n'umutungo. Gerasim yahangayikishijwe cyane no gutura. Birashoboka ko yarongora. Ntabwo bashinze ubumwe zabaye uburambe bukomeye kubwintwari.
Yakunze kugaragara neza kandi yijimye, kuko umugereka wonyine washenywe. Ku bushake imbwa yabaye umudozi mubuzima bwa gerasim. Yamufashe mu ruzi. Birashoboka ko umuntu yashakaga kurohama igikinisho, ariko umukozi wamufashije gutoroka. Ubumuga bwo kutumva bwasohotse, yamwishimiye nk'umwana muto. Yahaye imbwa impuhwe zose n'urukundo rwegeranijwe muri douche. Kubera ko yashoboye gukoresha amagambo, yise imbwa kuri Mama. Ntibatandukanye, kandi imbwa yitaraga nyir'ubwite n'igice kugeza umudamu yamubonye.
Imbwa yarakariye nyirabuja kandi arabitera kutanyurwa k'umugore. Umurongo wa Butler yategetse gukuraho itungo. Mummy yagurishije rwihishwa, atinya Gerasima. Nyirubwite yaretse kumenyekana abandi, yari hanze. Nta kintu na kimwe yashoboye kubwira abamwambiye inshuti. Igitangaza cyabaye: Imbwa yavunitse kuva gukodesha nyirayo, asanga inzu yibanze. Gerasim yahishe umuum mu cyumba, yaguye yitonze urukiko kandi agabanya imirimo yose, arokoka ku matungo. Rimwe na rimwe yasuraga imbwa, nijoro ahitamo kumuzana mu rugendo.
Imbwa ya Spaplanine yatanze Gerasim. Umukecuru yamenye ko Maneri yirukanwe na gahunda ye. Mu burakari, yategetse gusenya imbwa. Gerasima yagombaga kwikorera umutwaro uremereye. Yagurije imyambarire y'ibirori, kugaburira imbwa muri resitora, yihutira ku matungo ye. Mutarator yafashe amatafari abiri n'umugozi, yinjira mu bwato afite imbwa yihebye ku nkombe. Yagombaga gufata igisubizo cyihariye kandi akomeza ijambo. Gerasim yarohamye imbwa.
Ibi byabaye mumuzi byahinduye ubuzima bwe. Intwari ntishobora kwihanganira kubaho mumujyi kandi ikanatuma atakiza Mama. Gerasim yakusanyije ibintu kandi nubwo uwacumbiya ashaka kuva mu rugo. Yigometse ku bisubizo adasanzwe kandi yerekana ubugorama bw'imico no kwiyemeza. Ibibaho iteka byagumye mubugingo bwa Gerasim. Mu nkuru yanyuma, Turgenev avuga ko Gerasim atigeze azuka mubuzima nimbwa iyo ari yo yose kandi nta mibanire n'abagore.
Amagambo
Iherezo kandi ridateganijwe ryari ku bantu badasanzwe mu gihe cya Serfdom. Kubyara ibipfamatwi-na-kandi-byagenewe gutwara umusaraba wo kubaho mubantu batumva uburyo bwo kwerekana numuntu wumva umuntu wumva, adashobora kuvuga. Ubusanzwe bwa Gerasim bwari imbaraga za kimuntu hamwe na physique yarinzwe n'ibitero bya Erfs. Barskaya azangije ubuzima bw'umuntu.
Nubwo bidashoboka kandi ikinyabupfura, Gerarim yari umuntu w'amarangamutima ubwuzu, wahise agaragara mu kwita ku mbwa:
"Nta mubyeyi wita ku mwana we, nk'uko Hrasiya yita ku matungo ye."
Bavuga ko inyamanswa zisa na ba nyirabyo. Umwotsi wa Muma, nka Gerasima yishimye kugeza aho runaka. Yakunzwe cyane na nyirayo yumva akwitaho, kwishyura ubwitange.
"Gerasimu yaramukunze wenyine nta kwibuka ... kandi ntiyashimishije igihe abandi babyutse: yaba yaramugiriyeho, yaba yaramugiriye ishyari - Imana y'Imana!"Ibyabaye kuri Muma yabaye ibyago mubuzima bwa Gerari. Umugabane we wahagaritse umutwaro mwinshi ujyanye n'imyumvire y'abandi. Mugihe cyibyishimo, yahoraga ahatiwe kumusezera. Yambuwe amato nkaya nkurukundo rwamatungo.
"Kandi kandi ubu kandi abaho bobil bobil mu kazu ke bwite, bafite ubuzima bwiza kandi bukomeye."