Ubuzima
Mubuzima bwe, Gustav Dayner yamenyekanye nkibyiza muri opera na Omsmonic Abakoresha Otirishiya. Kandi gusa umubare muto wabafana ukeka ko imbere yabo uwahimbye neza. Kuba Mahler ari sinate nini yo mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri, abasangirangendo bamenye igice cy'ikinyejana nyuma y'urupfu rwe.Guhangana kwumuhimbye byagaragaye ko ari ikiraro, cyahambiriye gukundana cya XIX nibinyejana bya xx. Imirimo ya muzika ya Mahler yabaye intandaro yo guhumekwa n'icyitegererezo cyo kwigana abahinyira ishuri rya Benjamin na Dmitry Shostovich, n'indirimbo zacyo n'ibimenyetso byafashwe neza mu bice by'abayobe.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umwaka n'Umuyobozi w'ejo hazaza wavukiye muri Otirida-Hodariya, none Ceki mu mpeshyi ya 1860. Gustav ni umwana wa kabiri w'Abayahudi na Mariya Umudage na Bernhard Maler. Muri rusange, abana 14 bavukiye mu muryango, ariko 8 bapfuye bazize indwara nto n'ubukene. Biragoye kugatanga umuryango utarenze iterambere ryihame ryo guhanga. Data, kimwe na sogokuru Gustav kumurongo wa se, ni teaser. Mama - Umukobwa wuruganda ruto.
Amahirwe yo guteza imbere impano ya sengana no guhambira ubuzima hamwe nubuzima bwumuziki bwagaragaye kumuhungu ufite imyaka 4, mugihe umuryango wimukiye mu butayu bwa Jihlava mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika ya Ceki, ituwe cyane cyane n'Abadage. Hano Gustav yabanje kumva orchestre muri rusange kandi basura Opera. Umusore ukiri muto yahise asubiramo injyana zimwe na zimwe zo guteruranya, itanga kumva ababyeyi ko muri yo hari ikibatsi.
Ku myaka 6, Gustava yicaye kuri piyano, mwarimu wumuziki. Muri 10, umuhungu yanditse inyandiko ya mbere agaragara kuri stage: Umucuranzi ufite impano yatumiriwe kwitabira igitaramo cyumujyi. Iyambere ivuga kuri masyler nkamatariki yabahimbye kuva 1874. Urupfu rwagoswe n'urupfu rw'umuvandimwe w'imyaka 13, Gustav yahimbye na opera, ariko intoki ntizarinzwe. Muri siporo, ingimbi zibanze ku muziki nubuvanganzo: kuruta ikintu cya malter ntigishimishije.
Data, warose kwihinga umufasha mu bucuruzi bw'umuryango, yagerageje kwita ku Mwana we na Scipme siyanse ya Prague Pragues, ariko imbaraga zarananiranye. Maller-Serkuru yahuye kandi akuramo spray i Vienne, yanyuze mu kwita kuri piyano azwi cyane na mwarimu Julius Epstein. Porofeseri yagaragaje impano yumusore wintara kandi arasaba kwinjira muri serivisi Vienne. Gustav yize munsi ya EPStein mubyiciro bya piyano.
Muri 1875, Gustav Dayner yumvise ko yinjiye mu murwa mukuru wa muzika. Ku kwezi n'igice i Vienne, Richard Wagner yahagaritse, akomeretsa umurwa mukuru w'umurwa mukuru. Ntabwo ari opera imwe, ibikorwa yayoboye, umunyeshuri ushishoje muri konsetori ntiyabuze. Muri Vienne, umwuka wa Bethoven na Schubert veda, yashizeho uwahimbye n'umukristo Johannes Brahms, wagize ingaruka ku guhanga ya Maler.
Ageline Patty na Paoline Luka barabanye kuri stade ya Opera, mubitaramo, abahize umutekano wakozwe mubitaramo, kandi uwahimbye na Anton na Anton Anton Burustav Yatanze Byishimo. Nyuma yimyaka 4, uwahimbye urubyiruko rwagizwe indirimbo ya Cantatha ", aho ibintu bifatika - Wagner na Bruckner bumvise.
Usibye kwiga muri konsetori, Gustav yerekanye ko yishishikajwe na filozofiya. Imyaka ibiri yasuye ibiganiro kuri iyo ngingo muri kaminuza ya Vienne. Kugabanya impera hagamijwe, umucuranzi yahaye amasomo yumukino wa Piyano. Bimaze noneho malter yari ikwiye ejo hazaza heza nkumukwe wa piyano. Uwahimbye uburambe abarimu bahawe uburenganzira.
Umuziki
Vienne yabaye umucuranzi w'igihugu cya kabiri, yibasira uburyohe, agena ubundi buryo, atanga inyigisho nziza. Mu 1881, Gustav Dayner yerekanye ibyo yaremye "indirimbo ihwanye" mu marushanwa ngarukamwaka. Delit yaje kunanirwa: Abacamanza bashyikirije imikindo ya Shampiyona na Peze Robert Fuchs.
Gutsindwa ntabwo birababaza gusa gukubita Samolda Malelda, ahubwo nanone, yagize ati: "Bitera hitambere. Gustavy yagabanutse kuri stade ya kimwe cya kabiri - Gutegura igice cya Opera, "Ryubheval" umugani kandi uhagarariye umuyobozi wa nyirarume muri Lybakh (Uyu munsi Ljubljana). Hanyuma yakiriye anguzent muri Olmuz, aho nagombaga kurengera amahame ya Wagner y'ubuyobozi bwa Orchestre. Umwuga wakomeje muri ikinamico ya Vienna Karl, aho yashinzwe imirimo ya Khomestert.
Mu 1883, Gustavu yahawe umwanya wuniyobozi wa kabiri wimikino ya cyami muri Kassel ya Hessian, aho yari amaze imyaka 2 amara imyaka 2. Ntarengwa yo gukunda umuririmbyi Johann Richter, Umusabazi yanditse ko uruziga rwa "Indirimbo z'abatoza", umuryango wumvise nyuma yimyaka 13. Akazi katwa urukundo rwinshi mu murage wahimbye.
Kubera itandukaniro nubuyobozi bwa Theatre, Mall Yasize Kassel hagati ya 1880, amaze kwakira Angezhent muri PA PAGAL Opera. Umurwa mukuru wa Repubulika ya Ceki wakiriye neza umuyobozi mu buryo bunini, maze umuyobozi wa Theatre Angelo Neuman yashimye cyane kugura cyane mu maso ya Gustav, yitegereza umuyobozi impano. Muri Prague, abanyamahane babanje kumva uburyohe bwicyubahiro kandi bumva ibyinzibacyuho kurwego rwo hejuru rwumwuga.
Amasezerano yashojwe na Leipzig mushya wa 1886/1887 payeli ku gahato gusiga Prague yakira abashyitsi.
Kumenyekana byaje kuri Gustav Maler hamwe na Premiere ya Opera "Batatu Pinto", yabaye muri Mutarama 1988. Uwahimbye abisabwe n'uwashinze Karl Werantike Romantike yongeyeho, kandi neza, ko "bitatu" biberaga ku ntsinzi mu Budage.
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1888, ibibazo byurukundo byongeye gushishikariza uwahimbye gukora akazi katangaje - simphony ya mbere. Uyumunsi nicyo cyakunze gukoreshwa cyane kandi hakunzwe kwa Maler.
Amaze gukora muri Leipzig mu bihe 2, umucuranzi yavuye mu mujyi. Amakimbirane n'umufasha w'umuyobozi n'icyifuzo cyo kwimukira i Budapest, aho Gustav yahawe aho Hastav ahabwa Umuyobozi wa Opera ya Royal kandi yishimye. Amafaranga, mubyukuri, kubura kwabo, uburozi bwubuzima bwuwahimbye. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa se na nyina, umuvandimwe na bashiki bacu babiri bagumye kumwitaho.
Umuyobozi w'ikibazo cy'imikino idaharanira inyungu yakoraga ngo yambara. Amezi atandatu yashoboye guhindura ibwami kuri salaya y'igihugu, amaze gukuraho urugendo no gukora orchestre yajyanye opera na wagner opera muri reard. Umuyobozi yashoboye "gukurura" kuri opra diva lilly lehman, uzwi cyane kuri soprano idasanzwe.
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1891, Mahler yakiriye ubutumire bwa Hamburg: Yahamagawe ku mazina ya gatatu manini y'Ubudage, agabanye Berlin na Munich gusa, nk'umuyobozi na mageer. Kureka Budapest ntihatiye ubutumire buke cyane, ahubwo ni ubukana bushya bwa mira ya Riki - umuntu wubuhanga udashaka kubona umuyobozi wa Opera ya Opera ya Opera ya Ikidage.
Mu ntangiriro z'umwaka utaha, Gustav Dayner yashyize muri Opera ya Hamburg Opera Peter Tchaikovsky "Eugene Owerin". Umuhimbyi w'Uburusiya n'umuyobozi yageze i Hamburg kugira ngo bahagarare ku muyobozi w'umuyobozi, ariko, babona nabi ku kazi, banga. Tchaikovsky yiswe mugenzi we wakoranye neza.
I Hamburg, uwahimbye yatanze icyegeranyo cy'indirimbo ", gufata amahembe y'indirimbo", ufata izina rimwe ry'abasizi z'abasizi ba Heidelberg mug uko ishingiro. Inyandiko zatanzwe na mugenzi wawe Mahler yakoresheje igihe yahimbye simfoni eshatu - icya kabiri, icya gatatu na kane.
Intsinzi y'uwahimbye kandi umuyobozi i Hamburg yabonetse i Vienne. Kuva mu 1890, Urukiko rwa Opera yo rwohereje intumwa, ariko umugabo ntiyigeze agabanuka, atinya ko hari imyumvire irwanya Abayahudi. Ariko Vienne yitwa na Manila. Muri Gashyantare 1897, Gustav yabatijwe muri Gatolika no mu mpeshyi yashyize umukono ku masezerano yo gufungura urukiko, abayobora.
Inzira y'icyubahiro yari ternist, ariko pudee yashoboye kumutsinda no gufata umwanya w'umuyobozi wa theatre. Muri uwo mujyi nta bizwi cyane, nubwo hari nabi. Symphony izwi na gatanu yavukiye i Vienne, igabanijwe mu gihembwe ebyiri: Bamwe babonye ubugome kandi bakomeye, abandi bari bamennye guhangayikishwa n'ijuru. Noneho simfonyoni ya gatandatu, karindwi na munani iragaragara.
Muri ikinamico yacyo, Gustav Dayner yashyizeho amategeko mashya n'amabwiriza ko abantu bose badakunda. Abateze amatwi bazwi cyane, bari barigeze bumva inyuma yinyuma ya opera, bararakara kugirango baburwe kwinjiza imikino iyo akangutse.
Mu 1907, umuyobora uzwi yumvaga indwara, ananiwe n'inshyi z'ikinamico n'imibereho n'ibibazo by'ubuzima byatumye Matra asiga ubwonko ukunda, bwari bwiyeguriye imyaka 10 y'ubuzima. Ubuyobozi bw'umukino washyizweho na pansiyo y'abagabo mu buryo bw'umugabo uyobora atazakora muri operas ya Otirishiya. Ariko amafaranga y'amafaranga yaje kwiyoroshya kuburyo Gustavu yagombaga gukora byinshi.
Yabonye akazi muri opera ya New York Metropolitan. Muri iki gihe, "Indirimbo y'isi" na Syfoni ya cyenda. Ku mirimo y'uwahimbye, ingaruka z'ubuvanganzo za Nietzsche, Schopenhauer na Dostoevsky yagize ingaruka. Umwigisha wanyuma wubahwa cyane. Mu gukura gothethe.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Urukundo rwazanye uwahimbye, ariko ntabwo ari umunezero mubuzima bwite. Mu 1902, Mahler yayoboye umukunzi wa Alma imyaka 19, yatangaga nyuma y'itariki ya kane. Umugore yabyaye Gustavu abana babiri - abakobwa Maria na Anna.
Ubwa mbere, ubuzima bw'abashakanye bwasaga na Idyll, ariko mu mwaka wa gatanu, ibibazo no mu nzu no mu nzu no mu nzu bigeze kuri Vienne Opera. Dipheria irwaye naho umukobwa ukiri muto yarapfuye, Maria w'imyaka 4. Bidatinze, abaganga basuzumye indwara zidakira kuri Matra cyane. Umusozi wasunitse cyane kugira ngo ninjire ku majwi "indirimbo zerekeye abana bapfuye."
Ubuzima bwo mu muryango bwaravunitse. Alma - Umuhanzi ufite impano kandi umucuranzi - yibutse impano ye idashoboka: Mbere, umugore yarebye gusa umwuga wumugabo wumushakanye yakiriwe nakazi. Bidatinze, yari afite igitabo gifite umwubatsi uzwi, wamenyekanye. Ariko abashakanye ntibatandukanye, ariko babana kugeza nurupfu rwabahimbye.
Urupfu
Mu 1910, ubuzima bwa matra bwarahagurutse: Urukurikirane rwo gukurikirana rukurikirane rwagaragaye mu mutima w'ingorabahizi. Ariko Maleanner yakomeje gukora. Muri Gashyantare 1911, uwahimbye urwaye ahagarara kuri konsole, afite igitero kigizwe n'imirimo n'abataliyani.
Guhita kwa Gustav byari ubwandu bwateje sidecardite. Yateje urupfu. Umwigisha yapfiriye mu ivuriro rya Vienne muri Gicurasi. Imva ya Malier iherereye hafi yumuriro wumukobwa wapfuye mu irimbi rya Greenza.
Filime yarashwe mubuzima bwumuhinyi wubuhanga nuyobora. Umuyobozi Ken Russell yatumiwe na Robert Powell ku ruhare rw'imiterere nyamukuru. Ukuri gushimishije ni umuvandimwe wa Garer hamwe na Beyonce kuruta inyenyeri y'Abanyamerika yishimiye cyane.
Imirimo ya muzika
- 1880 - "Indirimbo Yindege"
- 1885-1886 - "Indirimbo za Wathorece
- 1892 -1901 - "Amahembe y'amarozi
- 1901902 - "Indirimbo Kubivumo Byuckert
- 1901904 - "Indirimbo zerekeye abana bapfuye
- 1884-1888 - Symphony Umubare 1
- 188-1894 - Symphony Umubare 2
- 1895-1896 - Symphony Umubare 3
- 1899-1901 - Symphony Umubare 4
- 1901902 - Symphony Umubare 5
- 1903-1904 - Symphony Umubare 6
- 1904-1905 - Symphony Umubare 7
- 1906 - Symphony Umubare 8
- 1909 - Symphony Umubare 9
- 1908-1909 - "Indirimbo y'Isi"