Ubuzima
William Turner numuhanzi uzwi cyane wUmuhanzi w'Ubwongereza, umurimo we watandukanijwe nuburyo bushya bwo gutunganya ishusho yubutaka. Byakoreshejwe cyane cyane kuvomera n'amavuta, nhitamo palette nziza yamabara. Nubwo amashusho ya Shebuja atakiriwe no mu gihe cy'ahosopoporari, ubu biragoye kurenga umwanzuro wo gushushanya isi.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Joseph Mallord William William yavutse yavutse agera ku ya 23 Mata 1775 muri ka rumwe mu turere twa Londres yahamagaye ubusitani. Se wumuhanzi uzaza William yishora mu mwuga mu gukora igare, maze mu mpera za 1770 bashinze umusatsi. Igihe umuhungu yari afite imyaka 10, yimukiye i nyirarume muri metropolitan ya Brentford. Impamvu yatumye iyi niyo niyo mpamvu yo mumutwe ya nyina wa William nibibazo bitoroshye mumuryango wateye imbere kubwibi.
Kuba kuri mwene wabo, umuhungu yatangiye gushimishwa nubuhanzi buboneka. Tumaze kurangiza amasomo ye ku ishuri mu mpera z'imyaka 1780, aho yasanze akazi ka Topografiya n'abubatsi. Umwe muri bo yari umuhanzi uzwi cyane w'icyongereza Thomas Malton.
Mu itumba ryo mu 1789 William, icyo gihe wari ufite imyaka 14, yiyandikishije mu gitabo cya cyami cy'ubuhanzi. Yakuyeho ikizamini cyo kwinjira ku basore Sir Yozuwe Reynolds, akaba ari picget. Mu bihe biri imbere, kuba umunyeshuri w'ikigo gishinzwe uburezi gikomeye, Turner yishimiye kumva ibiganiro by'umuhanzi wari wagize uruhare mu guhanga ibara ry'amazi.
Gushushanya
Mu gihe cyiga mu ishuri, umuhanzi wa Nouvice yakoze ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bw'inyigisho z'ibitekerezo ku cyerekezo cy'ibitekerezo mu buhanzi bibwirwa na Perezida wa mbere w'ikigo cy'ubuhanzi. Umwaka nyuma yo gutangira kwiga, William, wanditswe namazi, yakoze imurikagurisha mumurikagurisha rya buri mwaka.
Gushushanya amavuta, byahawe uburyo bwo kwerekana, Tarner yaremye mu 1790. Nyuma, umurimo wumuhanzi buri gihe wagaragaye mu ishuri. Mu 1791, yakiriye umwanya w'umuhanzi muri Opera Pantheon, uherereye ku muhanda wa Oxford, kandi na we akora nk'umwarimu wo gushushanya.
William ikoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwo guhanga nka shobuja washize na bundi marangi. Yagaragaje ibintu byahorerana kubikorwa byabandi, yavuguruye amashusho yabo anagaragaza ibyiyumvo bye.
Ikigaragara gishimishije nuko umugabo ufite imbaraga zidasanzwe zerekeza ku gishushanyo cya Claude Lorren: Nta muntu yashoboraga kuba amarira, abonye ifoto ye, yitwa Sava y'umwamikazi Sava. " Amazi yavugaga ko imyitwarire nk'iyi ihujwe n'ibyo atigeze agira kugira ngo abone mbere y'ikintu nkicyo.
Nyuma yimyaka myinshi, igihe William yinjije izina, yashinze ububiko bwamashusho ".'ONA, washinze carthage", aho yafashe igihangange cyihariye, ububiko bwigihugu. Yasabye ikintu kimwe gusa - ko umurimo uzahindura "ubwato bw'umwamikazi Sava." Turner yize mu buryo burambuye ubuzima bw'umwuga bwa Loron, harimo alubumu hamwe na Libre Vitatis, byahumetswe n'ibishushanyo by'igihe cyo kurera mu muhanzi w'Ubufaransa.
Nyuma, William yateguye irekurwa rya alubumu ye bwite yitwaje umusingi wo muri Liber kandi ryiyoroke mu buryo nk'ubwo nk'igishushanyo cya Lorren. Igitabo cyari kigamije kwemeza ko abahanzi ba Novice bayikoresha nkigitabo. Gushushanya muri byo byatanzwe hejuru y'imiyoboro y'amateka - gushushanya amateka, ubwubatsi, urugo n'amababa, nyaburanga, nyaburanga.
Guhinduranya kwambere gushushanya byabaye muri 1791. Nyuma yaho, umuhanzi yahoraga yoherejwe mu rugendo rw'i Busuwisi - mu Busuwisi, Ubufaransa, Ubutaliyani, gukora ibishushanyo mbonera bya pariki ya Hiking. William asigaye nyuma yumurage ukomeye rwose - ibishushanyo birenga ibihumbi n'ibihumbi.
Imirimo yafashwe muri alubumu batembera babaye ishingiro ryamazi bashushanya yaremye i Londres. Kubuzima bwe bwo guhanga, umugabo yakunze gusubira mubishushanyo bishaje.
William Turner, kuba umuhanzi uzwi, yakiriye umwanya wo guhuriza hamwe mu ishuri ry'umwami ku ya 4 Ugushyingo 1799. Nyuma yimyaka 2, umurimo we "abarobyi mu nyanja" byaragaragaye mu ishuri, nyuma yo gutsinda cyane no kumenyekanisha. Umuhanzi Benjamin Well yagereranije imirimo yuhagarariye urukundo rwurukundo hamwe na picater ishushanya. Ku ya 10 Gashyantare umwaka umwe, William yakiriye imiterere y'umuhanzi ukiri muto umaze kugera ku nzego z'ubwami.
Irangi ryahoraga bakora kunoza ikoranabuhanga rye, ryitangiye igihe kinini cyo kwiga hagati ya geologiya nubwubatsi, ndetse no kwikuramo ikirere no kugenda. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, yageze ku gaharwe n'imbaraga zifatika mu mabara ye, ubusanzwe yahingwaga mu gushushanya n'amavuta.
Mubikorwa bye, William ntabwo yakoresheje kwakira amakuru arambuye, aremuriza udushya tworoshye, abifashijwemo yagejejeho uburambe nibuka. Mu gushushanya, Turner yabyaye ishusho yabantu mugihe Picnike, kugenda no kumurima. Nubwenge no gukunda gukurura umuntu, shebuja yanyuze kuri canvas, mbega ukuntu kamere ye adatunganye nuburyo intwari afite intege nke imbere y'ibidukikije - icyarimwe kandi biteye ubwoba, ariko ubudahwema, ariko ubudahwema, ariko ubudahwema, ariko uhora utitayeho, ariko uhora utitayeho.
Mu 1807, William yabonye akazi mumashuri yumwami nkumwarimu wicyerekezo. Yakusanyije gahunda y'amahugurwa mu buryo ikubiyemo ibibazo bidafitanye isano itaziguye n'isomo rivugwa, ariko nanone ingingo nini nini. Inyigisho za Turner zarimo gutekereza kumasomo yimvura kandi yitabaza insanganyamatsiko yakunzwe yumuhanzi - ikibazo cya "gushushanya ibisigo".
William Turne yasanze akunzwe bidasanzwe nyuma yo kwandika ibishushanyo, byitabira intambara na Napoleon - "umurima hamwe na waterloo" na "intambara mbi".
Irangi rya mbere ryasuye Ubutaliyani mu 1819. Yasuye Turin, Milan, Roma, Venise na Naples, aho yigaga umurimo w'abahanzi ba none, nk'igitinyi, TINTORETTO, Rafael.
Hamwe nurugendo rugana mu Butaliyani, ibishushanyo bya William byabaye byiza, kandi palette yabo irakabije cyane ku buryo bwiganjemo ibara ryibanze. No mu kazi ke, insanganyamatsiko nshya ya Venetiya yagaragaye, yabaye umwihariko kubahanzi. Yasuye Inganda inshuro 3 - mu 1819, 1833, 1833, ni ko kwibuka uyu mujyi byagaragaye muri canvas.
Icyakora, abantu bose ntibahaze intsinzi ya Törner - Umukinnyi n'Umuhanzi Sim George "na" Alauposity "y'imirimo ye. Nyuma gato, guhanga udushya no guhanga udushya mubikorwa bya William, wateganyaga ibyiciro byo gushushanya impera za 19 - mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, byateje reaction idasobanutse ya bo mu gihe.
Umubare wibihe bya Victorian, byahisemo realism, mubyukuri bidatandukana nubuhanzi bwamafoto, kimwe no kwerekana amarangamutima hamwe na gamut yoroheje ya gamut, hamwe nibibazo bifata imirimo myinshi yumuhanzi.
Mu 1830-1840, Turner igenda yumvise ibitero bifatika byabateze amatwi nabanenga. Umuhanzi ndetse yari afite izina ry'umusazi kubera bimwe mu bikorwa bye bihanagurwa n'ububoko. Kubijyanye nibi byose, Umwamikazi Victoria yanze gushikama William mu turwani. Ariko, hariho kandi ancrike zinyaminika zikorwa zamashusho yubwongereza - Umwanditsi John Ryuskin yamuhaye umutwe wumuhanzi ukomeye mubihe byose.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ibyerekeye ubuzima bwite bw'umuhanzi w'indashyikirwa buzwi cyane ko ari buto cyane, yihishe cyane ku mibanire ye. Kuva mu myaka muto kugeza apfuye umubyeyi, waje mu 1829, William yabanaga na we. Papa kandi yari umufasha n'inshuti.Guhagarika ntabwo byabonye umugore witeguye gukora umugore we. Ariko imyaka myinshi yabanye numupfakazi ugeze mu zabukuru witwa Sarby. Abashakanye bafite abana babiri, abakobwa bombi. Ibikurikira, William afite imyaka 18 mumibanire na Caroline akazu, uba muri Chelsea.
Urupfu
Byari muri Chelsea ku ya 19 Ukuboza 1851 ubuzima bw'umuhanzi bwaragaragaye. Impamvu y'urupfu yari indwara ya kolera. Amagambo ya nyuma ya William Listr - "Izuba ni Imana." Umuhanzi yashyinguwe muri katedrali ya St. Paul iruhande rw'imva Sir Yozuwe Reynolds.
Muri 2014, film yubuhanzi iyobowe na Mike Lee, ivuga ku cyiciro cya nyuma cyubuzima bwumuhanzi wicyongereza-marine. William Turner yakinnye umukinnyi ufite impano na firime The Timoteyo Timoteyo.
Gushushanya
- 1799 - "Kwishushanya-Igishushanyo"
- 1812 - "Urubura"
- 1812 - "Inzibacyuho Hannibal binyuze muri Alps"
- 1818 - "Dordcht"
- 1835 - "Umuyoboro ukomeye"
- 1839 - "Indege Yanyuma Yubwato" "
- 1840 - "Ubwato bwo hasi"
- 1844 - "Imvura, Steam n'umuvuduko"
- 1845 - "Izuba Rirashe hamwe na Marines"
- 1845 - "Nores Ikibuga, izuba rirashe"