Ubuzima
Alexander Triomanovich Trardovsky - Umwanditsi wumuso w'Abasoviyeti, wari uteganijwe gukora ishusho idapfa yumusirikare Vasily Turkin. Mubuzima bwe bwo guhanga harimo ibintu byinshi byakoze umusizi hamwe nintsinzi, kandi iratsindwa.Ibikorwa bya TWARDOWSKY nk'Ubuhinduzi bw'Ikinyamakuru "Isi Nshya" yateje kutanyurwa n'abayobozi Ubuyobozi nyamukuru ku buyobozi no gusohora amazu ya Usss. Yagiye arwanya ingengabitekerezo. Noneho rero nitwa abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, na Alexander Trifonovich, ukurikije abanegura:
"Ubuvanganzo bwa Sinated hamwe n'abantu baremye baturutse mu gihe abapadiri, aho batwarwaga n'amateka, igihe, ibintu."Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umwanditsi yavutse ku ya 21 Kamena 1910 mu murima Zagrne, mu karere ka Pokinkovsky wo mu karere ka Smolensk. N'impapuro za Data, noneho terrain yahise yitwa Floosha Podlosovo. Iki gihugu, umutwe wa Tron Gordeeevich wabonye binyuze muri banki nibice. Yari umucuzi mwiza, ariko yashakaga kwiyegurira ubuhinzi. Nyina w'Abasizi Maria Mitofanovna yishora mu gikari cy'abahinzi kandi yari afite ibibazo mu rugo.
Dukurikije kwibuka kwa Alexander Trifonovich, umuryango wabayeho bigoye, nubwo hari ukumenya gutera imbere. Umuryango wategetse ikirere kidasanzwe, cyagize ingaruka ku myumvire yo guhanga ubuzima bwa SASHA. Mama yashoboraga gukora ku marira yindirimbo abakozi baririmbye mumurima, cyangwa kureba igiti cyigunze. Yageze ku bugingo bwose hamwe n'ibitekerezo bya kamere kandi ntiyashobora gutambwa impumuro y'ibitsi byakoze bishya n'isi itose nyuma y'imvura.
Data nimugoroba soma abana b'ibitabo. Muri autobiography ye, Trardovsky yanditse ko muri ubwo buryo yahuye nakazi ka Alexander Cheshimo, Mikhail Lermontov, Mikhail Lemontov, Nikolai Gogol na Alexe Tolstoy. DOWONE Gorbeeevich yaririmbye neza kandi azi imivugo myinshi kumutima. Umurongo wambere muto wardovsky yahimbye mugihe atashoboye kwandika. Yabwiye ko nta "cyangwa Lada, nta murongo."
Alenander Trifonovich ati: "Njye mu buryo butandukanye ko hari ishyaka, rishyushye mbere yuko umutima utera umutima, icyifuzo cyo kubyara umucyo n'ahita, kiherekeza kandi ngomba." Igitekerezo icyo ari cyo cyose. "Ababyeyi bafatwa muburyo butandukanye bwo kwandika Umwana. Mama yicujije kandi afite impungenge, nkaho yumva aryamanye. Se yarishimye, ariko akurikije ibitabo yari azi ko kwandika imirimo itazana amafaranga menshi. Ibindi bivuye kubaremu kandi ukomeze kunguriza kandi ukennye.
Ku ya 13, Alegizandere yerekana igisigo kuri mwarimu. Atangira kunegura: Ntushobora kwandika kugirango byose bisobanuke ako kanya. Ku bwe, mu bitabo bigezweho birakenewe ko ibintu byose bikwiriye kandi bitumvikana. Kandi nkikimenyetso cyamagambo ye yahaye umuhungu gusoma imivugo yo mu ntangiriro ya 20. Umusizi ukiri muto yashidikanya kubitekerezo byabo.
Mu 1924, atangira kwandika ingingo z'ibinyamakuru bya Smolensk ku ngingo zingenzi - Ikiraro gifite inenge, ihohoterwa rikorerwa abayobozi. Mu murima, abahatuye baramwegera bakunze kwiyambaza Kombemol TVSOMOVSKSky n'ibirego byo kwandika ku muntu wo guhana.
Muri kiriya gihe, Alexandre yagarutse kwandika ibisigo. Mu kinyamakuru "Umudugudu wa Smollenskaya" watangajwe umurongo "Izba mushya". Ajya i Smolensk, ku biro by'ubuyobozi bw'Ikinyamakuru "Akazi", aho aziranye na Mikhail Isakovy.
Nakunze ibisigo bya sadowcom. Birumvikana ko badatunganye, kimwe n'ibisigo umusizi uwo ari we wese wa Novice, ariko ntibyari bigoye kubona ko atari abandi, "Isakovsky yandikaga nk'abandi."Numucyo we kurupapuro rwa gatatu rwikinyamakuru cyatanze ibisigo bibiri hamwe nigishushanyo cyumusizi wicyaro. Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi, amababi ya Dardovsky 18 yimyaka 18 ya Smolensk. Ntushobora kubona akazi, ashonje, yahagaritswe uko ashoboye. Ariko kubwanjye ntitsindwa cyane - nta jambo rishobora kubaho ryerekeye gusubira mu mudugudu.
Nyuma yo gutangaza ibisigo mu kinyamakuru cyo mu Kwakira, Alexander Trifovovich amababi ya Moscou, aho ihura n'ikibazo kimwe - kubura ibitekerezo n'ubushomeri. Kubwibyo, byahisemo gusubira i Smolensk. Hano yinjiye mu kigo cya Pedagogi, aho yize imyaka 2, maze mu 1936 akomeza guhugura amateka ya Moscou na Filozofiya.
Kurema
Mu myaka ya za 1930, umusizi arema ibisigo "inzira igana mu mibasire" n '"igihugu cya Murai", gisobanura ko habaye intangiriro y'ubuzima bw'ejo hazaza. Igishimishije, gushigikira ubutegetsi bwa Stalin, Alexandre, hamwe na murumuna we n'ababyeyi be, yashyinguye intimba Spelin - mu 1931 byabaye ngombwa ko barokoka gukabya no guhuza. Umurima watanze umwanya n'imbaraga nyinshi uhaye se w'umusizi, wasenywe n'abaturage bagenzi babo.
Mu 1939, Alegizandere akorera mu kinyamakuru "arinda umubyeyi." Muri iki gihe, itangira guhimba igisigo "Verkin ya Torkin". Yerekana ibice byinshi bijyanye nintambara, bihujwe gusa nintwari nkuru. TVARDOVSKY yizeraga ko ashobora kurimbuka igihe icyo ari cyo cyose cyangwa umuntu uturutse kubasomyi, nuko ahitamo inzira nkiyi.
"Kwambuka" ni kimwe mu bice byambere by'umusigo. Umusizi yagize uruhare mu ntambara yamaraso kuri Isthus mu ntambara yo muri Soviti-Finnish. Ibisigo byasohotse mu kinyamakuru Iburengerazuba "Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda". Babaye igice cyingenzi mubuzima bwabasirikare bambere. Ndashimira Turkin, TVARDOVSKY ihinduka umwanditsi wumuco wintambara. Imirongo yo mu gisigo iraguruka kuri cotes:
Kurwana bigenda byera n'iburyo.Intambara y'urupfu ntabwo ari iy'icyubahiro
Kubuzima ku isi.
Mu 1942, Trardovsky yumvise inkuru yumurwanyi, yitabiriye intambara ikomeye. Umusigo "wa Tankist" kubyerekeye umuhungu, intwari itavuzwe ya Sirafe ya gisirikare, wafashije abakozi kugera ku ifasi y'umwanzi.
Mu 1946, Alexander Trifovovich yandika igisigo "inzu y'umuhanda" yerekeye amezi ya mbere y'intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu. "Imirongo ibiri" yeguriwe amahano ya gisirikare adafite ubusobanuro, " Hanyuma, mu 1953, hari igisigo "kure - dal". Muri yo, umusizi atanga isuzuma ryumuntu ku giti cye rigaragaza ubuzima nurupfu.
Mu 1950, Trardovsky yashyizeho umwanya w'umwanditsi mukuru w'ikinyamakuru "Isi Nshya". Ariko nyuma yimyaka 4, abayobozi be bakuweho kugirango bagerageza gucapa igisigo "Törkin kuri iyo rutara" n'imirimo y'abatirimbyi badashaka.
Ubwa kabiri afashe umwanditsi w'iposita mu 1958, aho yakoraga kugeza mu myaka ya za 70. Abahanga mu by'amateka batanze isuzuma kuri kiriya gihe - igihe gitagira umuco mu mateka y '"isi nshya". Hamwe n'Umunyamabanga wa mbere wa komite Nkuru ya CPSU NIKITANU, iki kinyamakuru cyahindutse ikimenyetso cya chaw. Wari umurambo wo kurwanywa byemewe n'amategeko imbaraga z'Abasoviyeti. Iyo begereye Khrushchev, Alexander Trifonovich asohora "Umunsi umwe Ivan Denisovich" Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
Nyuma yo gukuraho Khrushchev, imbaraga zose za colt chat yaguye ku kinyamakuru. Ubwa mbere, abanditsi bangirije bararashwe. Baje gusimbuza abantu babuza Alexander Trifonovich. Ikirere cyanga cyanga cyakozwe. Muri Gashyantare 1970, TVEROVSKS na igice cy'ubwanditsi bava muri iki kinyamakuru.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Urukundo rwe rw'ubuzima bwe ni Maria Illarionna Gorleov. Ni abagenzi, bahurira i Smolensk. Umukobwa kandi yize mu kigo cya Pedagoge, kitarangije. Kimwe na Twardovsky, yakoraga nk '"uburyo bw'amabwiriza", yasohotse mu binyamakuru "ntaho bitukura" na "isi nshya" munsi y'umuryango ukomeye.Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwanditsi, kunegura kuva mu kinyamakuru "Isi Nshya" Vladimir Lakshshin azahamagara umugore wa Alexander Trifonovich "Ibaba rya kabiri" ry'umusizi ". Ibyerekeye ubuzima bwite bwamakuru yumwanditsi ntibihagije, ariko hariho Mary Illarionovna avuye mu ntambara, yashyizwemo urukundo rwurukundo:
"Ibintu byose birakomeye ku isi, ubuki, kugira ngo ngire, abo bantu babujije ubwuzu n'urukundo kuri buri wese, abazatandukana."Alegizandere na Maria basinye nyuma y'intambara. Abana babiri bavukiye mu bashakanye: Abakobwa ba Valentine na Olga.
Urupfu
TVARDOVSKY yahuye no kugenda "isi nshya". Leta ifite ubwoba yagize ingaruka ku buzima. Alexander Trifonovich transfers yoroheje, nyuma atagenda kandi ntavuga. Umusizi yari mu bitaro, abaganga basanze kanseri y'ibihaha muburyo butagabanijwe, niyo mpamvu itera urupfu rwa visil turkin.
Yapfuye ku ya 18 Ukuboza 1971. Yashyinguwe ku irimbi rya Moscou Novodevichy. Yazanywe mu mva ye avuye mu karere ka Smolensk, aho yari yayoboye umwana n'ubusore.
Muri biografiya ya TVARDOVSKY ibintu byinshi bishimishije. Umutego we wa Khrushchev ntabwo wigeze asoma ibisigo bijyanye na visiki. N'ubwo umubano utoroshye na guverinoma y'Abasoviyeti, imyaka 5 yavuzwe haruguru yashyizwe ku rutonde nk'umukandida wa Komite Nkuru ya CPSU. Nyuma y'urupfu, izina ry'isi ryitwa umuhanda mu mijyi, Ishuri rishyira mu ndege ya Moscou n'indege ya Aeroflot.
Yesu amaze igihe, yavuye mu murage w'abakomoka ku buvanganzo. Amafoto abigiranye uruhare rwa TVARDOVSKY yagaragaje uko ameze kandi umwuka wo mu gihe cyahujwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti.
Amagambo
- Ubuzima bwiza,Ninde muntu mwiza!
- Nta ntwari kuva nkivuka, -
Bavukiye mu ntambara.
- Kosy, Braid, mugihe ikime
Ikime hasi - kandi turi murugo.
Bibliografiya
- 1931 - "Inzira igana Social"
- 1932 - "Umuyobozi wa Diary"
- 1934 - "Igihugu cya Murai"
- 1942 - "Vorkin Verkin"
- 1946 - "Inzu y'imihanda"
- 1947 - "Inkingi"
- 1947 - "Umubyeyi wa Kinaland na Alien"
- 1951 - "Igisigo n'ibisigo"
- 1953 - "Kubwa Dal - Dal"
- 1963 - "Törkin kuri urwo rumuri"
- 1969 - "Kuva mumagambo muriyi myaka. 1959 - 1968 "