Amateka y'inyuguti
Mubikorwa bya Maxim Gorky, realism na romantisism biratangaje guhuzwa. Inkuru ngufi, icyerekezo abanenge bagenwa nkirangamuntu, bafite umwanya wihariye mubikorwa byumwanditsi. Igikorwa cya "Chelkash" bivuga umubare wabo.Amateka yo Kurema
Inyandiko yanditse mu 1894. Nkishingiye ku mateka, Gorky yafashe inkuru yamugezaho na mugenzi we mu ngoro mu bitaro by'umujyi wa Nikolaev. Umwaka umwe, inkuru yasohoye ikinyamakuru "Ubutunzi bw'Uburusiya".
Akazi karujwe numwuka wurukundo rwihisha mubisobanuro bya kamere. Aya masomo aranga inyandiko zose zambere zumwanditsi. Isura nyamukuru yo gukora ihinduka umujura no gusinzira. Bammar ifite isura idahwitse. Asa na bony hawk. Intwari igaragara imbere yumusomyi muburyo bugaragara, nkuko bitegereje kwinjiza. We na Gabril, umusore ukomeye wa rustic, yahisemo ubujura bwijoro. Gorky itanga ibisobanuro birambuye kuri buri shusho mbere yo gusobanura ibikorwa byabo.
Bitandukanye na Cheljas, Gaburla ni umwizera n'umusore mwiza we umururumba wambukiranya imibereho yose. Ubwa mbere, birasa nkaho Chelkash-yumwuka yubwibone nubwisanzure bwamanutse umusore afite inzira nyayo, ariko nyuma yerekana ubukene nyabwo. ChelJash yibuka amateka ye n'ababyeyi. Hafi ya Gavrile abona, nuko ahitamo gufasha umusore usubira murugo, kunanirwa kubona amafaranga.
Chelkash akunda inyanja imuha kumva umudendezo. Inyanja igufasha kwibagirwa impungenge, suzuma imiterere nyayo ya buri ntwari. Cheljash akunda imbaraga n'ubwisanzure bw'inyanja, naho Gabril afite ubwoba. Umutungo wamenyereye kwisi utinya kwigaragaza imbaraga zitagira iherezo zumuhengeri, kandi ubwoba bwihariye bugaragara mubugingo bwe mugihe amashaza amurinda inyanja.
Umucyo w'ubwato Gavril abona nk'ikimenyetso cyo hejuru kandi agarura amasengesho. Ariko inyungu za mugitondo yumuhigo zerekana ko umusore wubaha Imana ari make. Ntabwo yishimiye uburyo amafaranga yatanzwe, kandi yiteguye kwica Chelkasha kubwinyungu. Intwari Zikomeretsa Icyitso, ihitamo amafaranga yose kandi ihindura ibimenyetso byicyaha. Ariko icyaha kiva mu bugingo bwa Gavrille ntikigomba gukaraba.
Gusobanura umusore igikorwa, umururazi cyerekana uburyo byoroshye gutakaza ikiremwamuntu, mbega ukuntu bishobora kuba ikiremwa gito kigomba kuba ku mafaranga. Ikibazo cyubudahemuka nubuhemu birazamuka hano, ninde wizewe kumuntu utabifitiye uburenganzira wa Chelkash.
Inkuru "Chelkash"
Isesengura ryishusho yabakinnyi itangwa mugitangira inkuru ikurikira ibisobanuro byicyambu. Cheljasch numuntu utari umusinzi, uzwiho abajura no gusuzugura. Aratunganya, ariko imyaka no kwizizizi ku icupa ntibigira ingaruka ku ntsinzi y'ibigo byayo. Intwari igaragara hamwe numuntu utoroshye, iherezo ryabo na kamere idasanzwe. Kubikorwa bya Gorky biranga imbere yinyuguti nkizo. Akenshi bafite umutwaro udasobanutse kubwiza buhebuje bwikintu cyuzuye. Ku bijyanye na Chelkash, hari urukundo rudafite imipaka ku nyanja.
Umugabo afite ibyago bitoroshye. Ubwana bwe bwagenze neza, ariko ubuzima ntibwobwo bwari bworoshye. Yavuye mu musirikare, ukunda umudendezo n'ubwisanzure, yahindutse umukene. Ibiranga imiterere yintwari ni uguhuza imico itandukanye. Gorky yasobanuye ibintu byahimbye abantu mumwanya utoroshye, kwerekana ishingiro ryukuri ryubugingo. Amahame n'ibibi by'umuntu bigenzurwa mu bihe nk'ibi.
Chelkash yatakaje intego mubuzima no kwiba kugirango ikomeze kubaho. Amara amafaranga ku kunywa n'ibikenewe cyane. Gabril afite inzozi z'umurima n'umuryango, bityo umubumba we nicyaha kubwintego nziza. Gorky yemerera umusomyi guhitamo abo mu ntwari ni imico myiza, kandi wataye icyubahiro cya muntu. Ingorane no kwivuguruza inyuguti zabantu ntizemerewe gusubiza ikibazo kidasanzwe. Abagabo bombi guhuza ibintu bibi nimico myiza.
Bejakash, bamenyereye kugendana umwanda, bashwanyaguro kandi bambaye ubusa, bonyine. Nta muntu afite, bityo ejo hazaza he yita ku mugabo. Abera kuri iki gicamunsi, atiriwe ahangayikishijwe n'imirimo no kutamenya akababaro kayo. Amaze guhinduka imyanda, yirukana ibitekerezo kuri yo, yasinze. Gusa inyanja yatanze intwari yo gutuza, kuko muri We yari umwami wubwito.
Uwahoze ari ofisiye yakomeje ubuziranenge bwazanywe n'imyaka ya serivisi. Nubwo abajura bato, Cheljasch yagumanye ikiremwamuntu. Yiba ntabwo ari ugutunganya, ahubwo ashyigikirana, ariko mubuzima busanzwe. Amaze gushuka Gavril, amutambiranye kubera ubujura, Chelkash yakuye pasiporo ku musore. Icyitso gishya cyahujwe niwo wubatswe n'umugabo wishimiye amahirwe ye.
Chelkaasha bitera uburyohe bwubwisanzure, nuko ajya kwiba. Yatakaye kuri societe umuntu, kugira ibyo ukeneye byose, ntabwo yabishima. Yatakaje umuryango numwanya, akunda kudatekereza kubyabaye, ntabwo ari uguhindura uko ibintu bimeze. Umusinzi Na Tramp, umugabo ashimisha ububabare bwo mu mwuka kugirango yirinde kumenya ibiza. Ubuzima bwanjye bwite bwasezeranijwe nintwari, ariko ntabwo yamenaguye kurundi.
Amagambo
Nubwo hari ikibazo cyimico nyamukuru, ishusho ye mbi, ibyaha nimyitwarire mibi, gorky yampaye cheljasha ifite imico ikomeye, ugereranije ninyanja nini:
"We, umujura, yakundaga inyanja. Kukubita imigati, abizeye, ntibigeze bishimira gutekereza kuri ubu budoda bwihariye, imbaraga nyinshi kandi zifite imbaraga. "Chelkash yari azi uburemere bwo kugwa kwe. Yatinye kwibuka amateka ye, kubera ko ibitekerezo bye birengana kandi ntibitanga amahoro, gutwara ubugingo bw'umuntu:
"Kwibuka, iyi mucanga itishimye, ndetse izuzura amabuye y'ibyahise ndetse no mu burozi, nta mwanya, usuka ibitonyanga by'ubuki ..."Umwuka w'umugabo wavunitse ubuzima bwa Peripeti, gusa abanyacyubahiro n'amahame y'abantu yagumye akomeye muri yo. Ubwibone n'ubushishozi byari bishyushye mu bugingo bwe, bituma kutazagera munsi y'ihindagurika, aho umuntu yaguye vuba. Kubwibyo, Gabril yateje urwango.
Ati: "Bisanzwe bidashimishije kubona ko umuntu ubona nabi kandi munsi yawe, akunda cyangwa yanga kimwe nawe, ahinduka nkawe."