Isanzure ni ibisakuzo byinshi, kandi kimwe mubyiza - ibintu byijimye, ntawe wabonye, ariko abahanga bizeye ko bihari. Ibi bintu bifatika byuzura 85% byumwanya. Ibiro by'Amatangazo bya 24CMI amakuru yakusanyije kubushakashatsi bugezweho bwibanga nyamukuru mwisi ya astrofiya.
Nikihe kintu cyijimye
Ikintu cyijimye muri Astrononie cyitwa guhuza ibintu bidahuye nibibazo bya Attronomical. Ubu buryo bwa cosmic ibintu ntabwo byubahirizwa, kuko bidakorana nibisubizo bya elecragnetic. Ibikoresho bigezweho ntabwo byarakosowe cyangwa imirasire ya electromagnetic. Dukurikije ubushakashatsi buheruka bujyanye nabahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere, iyi guhuza ni kimwe cya kane cy'ingufu z'isi no kwigaragaza mu mikoranire mikuru - ni inshuro eshanu ibintu bigaragara.
Ikintu cyijimye, kimwe nibintu byose, kwitabira imikoranire mikuru kandi bigateranijwe mumashusho manini mumwanya wo hanze hamwe na galaxy cyangwa sisitemu ya galaxy. Astrophysics yemera ko ibigize iyi misa birimo ibice bitaraboneka ku isi.
Ikibazo cya misa ihishe
Urutonde rwibitagerwaho mukwiga ibintu mumwanya nabyo byitwa misa ihishe. Kubaho kw'ibi bintu bitagaragara ntibyaragaragaye, ariko abashakashatsi bagize iri jambo pose. Astrophysics ikoreshwa mugushakisha uburyo butandukanye butanga ibisubizo bitandukanye - ibintu byimyitwarire byahanuwe murwego rwubukanishi bwo mwijuru ziratandukanye.Birazwi ko kwinuba inyenyeri zizunguruka mu isanzure rikikije ikigo kimwe. Iyo kubara rubanda, abashakashatsi bamenye ko ibyo bintu byoroshye kugendana n'umuvuduko mwinshi mu kirere - iyi "karuseli" yarasenyuka. Noneho abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere bamenyesheje igitekerezo cy'ihishe kugira ngo babone igitekerezo cyo gusobanura ibinyuranye mu bushakashatsi buvuguruzanya. Intangiriro ya hypothesis nuko ibintu byo mu kirere "ihinga" ibintu bitagaragara bifite uburemere, bugizwe n'ibice bitazwi.
Igikorwa cyibimenyetso byuko ibintu byijimye byitwa ikibazo cyihishe cyihishe, kirimo subparagraph ebyiri. Iya mbere, astrowryoscal, ni ukuvuga, kunyuranya mubushakashatsi bwa sisitemu yizihijwe ibintu bifatika bifatika (kwegeranya galaxy), hamwe nibipimo byafashwe byerekana ingaruka zikomeye. Ikibazo cya kabiri cyo kubaho kwa misa ihishe byitwa kwitwa kwibukwa - ibi nibyivuguruzanya ibipimo byisamizi byimaze kugaragara byagaragaye ukurikije ibipimo bya astrophysical byisi yose.
Kwiga Amateka
Ibitekerezo byambere bijyanye no kubaho ibintu bitagaragara mumwanya wabigenje mu 1906, Henri PoinCare, igihe yatezimbere hypothesis ya Nyagasani Kelvin akoresheje isura yinyenyeri, yitegereza iterambere rya parecike yibintu. Umuyoboke we wo muri Esitoniya Ertonight Epic yaje ku mwanzuro w'uko nta misa ihishe, cyangwa aya mafaranga ntabwo ari manini nkibintu bigaragara. Nyuma ye, Umushakashatsi w'Ubuholandi Jacongeye Kartein yashyize imbere hypothesis ijyanye no kuba hari ibintu byijimye bisaba kwegeranya inyenyeri. Umuhanga yakoresheje bwa mbere iri jambo.
Mu myaka ya za 1930, Fritz Zwicki yashakishije inyenyeri zo mu mutwe ya Veronica kandi igahishurira itsinda rinini rya galakti. Mu kwitegereza, mu bumenyi bw'ikirere cyo mu Busuwisi bwabonye ko ihuriro rigaragara rirenze ibyo mubyukuri. Ivumburwa risa ryatumye abanyamerika bakoze sinclair muri smith mugihe cyo kwiga inyenyeri zisugi. Yabaze impuzandengo y'ikigereranyo kimwe mu itsinda rya Galaxy maze amenya ko bingana na 2⋅1011 imbaga y'izuba. Iyi paradox yasobanuye no kuba hari ibintu byo mu kirere muri cluster.
Abahanga bizeraga ko kunyuranya mu muvuduko wa gahunda zagaragaye muri gaze ya gaze ya Interstellar n'umukungugu byerekana ko habaho ibintu bitagaragara. Mu gihe cyo gufungura Zwick na Smith, umuryango w'ubumenyi bw'ikirere washidikanyaga kuri iyo myanzuro, kubera ko hypothesis ivuga ko hariho ibintu bitagaragara mu mwanya bitasuzumwe cyane.
Ubudahemuka bw'Igitekerezo cyo kuba hari ikibazo kigaragara, hatowe n'umushakashatsi w'Ubusuwisi, bwemeje Vera Rubin nyuma yimyaka 40. Umushakashatsi yakiriye ibipimo byerekana umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka Galaxy m 31 Galaxy. Umuhanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere yabonye ko ikibazo kirimo, kidashobora guhirwa na optiquet.
Muri icyo gihe, Jan Einoso yasabye ko habaho halo ibintu byijimye. Nibintu hypothettique ibice bigera hanze yigice kigaragara cya slister. Misa ya Halo nigice cyingenzi cya galaxy ya galaxy. Iki kintu ntigishobora kugaragara mu buryo butaziguye. Astrophysics Shakisha Halo ku ngaruka za gaze ninyenyeri muri galakties.
Ikintu cyijimye
Ibigize ibihangano bya cosmic ntabwo bize. Abazibumenyi bizera ko igice kinini, aho ibintu byijimye, - ihanagura. Misa yibi bice ni inshuro icumi zirenze proton. Ibintu byerekana umutungo wenyine - wubahiriza amategeko yuburemere bukomeye.Abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere bashaka "abasaba" ku ruhare rwa Wimpers. Ubuntu, ibintu birimo ibishishwa - Ibice byo kutabogama, byoroheje kandi biremereye neutrinos - byahawe misa nto, ariko umubare wabo ugira ingaruka ku mbaraga z'umwanya. Abahanga bemeza ko Neutrinos mu isanzure nk'ifoto. Kubaho kw'ibi bice muri rusange abashakashatsi ba kamere bagaragaje.
Muri 2020, intiti za kaminuza ya York zatanze "umukandida" mushya ku ruhare rwa Wimpers - Hxakvartov. Ibi bice birahujwe muburyo butandukanye kandi ukore nka atome nini. Abashakashatsi b'Abongereza bemeza ko habaye hexakvarta yahise akora ako kanya nyuma yo guturika cyane.
Shakisha
Abahanga bashakisha ibintu bitagaragara mumwanya no kwisi. Nyuma y'ubushakashatsi, abashakashatsi basabye ko umukono w'ibintu bishobora kuba imirasire ya X-ray ya galaxy. Na none, x-imirasire ikoreshwa mugushakisha, kugaragara kuruhande rwa neutron, cyangwa icyorezo cyumucyo muri utwo turere.
Muri 2020, abahanga bo muri kaminuza ya Chicago yatanze ibikoresho byatanzwe bishobora gufata ibimenyetso bya Axion hamwe na fotografia zihishe. Abashakashatsi bizeye ko ubwo buhanga buzamura ubushakashatsi bwibintu byo hanze.
Ingufu zijimye
Ikigereranyo cya misa yikibazo gisanzwe kandi cyijimye. Mu mbaraga-misa y'isi, 5% ifite ibintu bya baryon - ikibazo gisanzwe, uhereye ku nyenyeri n'imibumbe, harimo n'isi, na 25% by'ikintu cyijimye. Abasigaye 70% basigaye barwanya imbaraga zubu rukuru. Iyi ngingo iruta uburemere buke bwisi, itera kwagura isanzure kuva mubyerekeranye.Ikimenyetso cyitwa Bias gikenewe nabahanga mu kubara umuvuduko no kuvanaho galaxy. Mu ikubitiro, abashakashatsi bemeye icyitegererezo cy'isi n'ijuru, hakurikijwe kwaguka byatinze. Ariko, kuvumbura ingufu zijimye zahinduye iki kiganiro. Mu 1998, inyenyeri za astrophysicisique ntizidindiza igihe, ariko kwihuta gusa - imbaraga zimwe zagize uruhare muri ibi, "zitera" umwanya. Mubyukuri, hamwe nubufasha bwo gutekereza kubyerekeye ingufu zijimye mu isanzure, urashobora gukemura ikibazo cya misa ihishe.
Inyenyeri zijimye
Astrophysics ishyiraho Hypothesis ko inyenyeri yijimye zari zigizwe nibintu byijimye byabayeho mucyaro wo gushinga isanzure. Ibintu bigereranwa nkibicu bya hydrogen na helium hamwe na diameter ibice 4 kugeza 2000. Imirasire yiyi nyenyeri ntishobora gukosorwa kubera ubushyuhe buke. Abashakashatsi bemeza ko ibintu by'abi binyabuzima byabitswe muminsi yacu kandi birashoboka kubimenya ukoresheje imirasire ya Gamma. Abahanga ntibakuraho ko inyenyeri zijimye zibeshya kubicu bisanzwe byamazi akonje molecrogène.
Umukozi wa laboratoire yigihugu ya George Cheeplin yatanze igitekerezo ko hari inyenyeri zijimye. Ibi bibazo byumushakashatsi bireba ubundi buryo bwo guhinduranya imyobo yumukara. Dukurikije imyuga ya ceplin, ibintu byabaye byanyuze muri horizon yibirori kandi bihindurwa mu mbaraga za vacuum. Ubucukuzi burashira mu birori ahantu horizon, kubera ko umwanya usigaye urwana n'imbaraga zikomeye. Iperereza ku gitekerezo kijyanye n'imyobo yijimye kandi zivuga ko nta.
Ikarita yikibazo cyijimye
Muri 2021, abahanga bashizeho ikarita irambuye yo gukwirakwiza ibintu byijimye mu kirere uyu munsi. Igisubizo cyakoze ibyiyumvo mwisi ya fiziki na astronomie. Hashingiwe ku nyigisho, abahanga banzuye ko ibintu bitangwa neza kuruta byateganijwe ku nyigisho y'ubutegetsi bwa Albert Einstein. Kandi ibi bivuze ko fiziki ikomeye yari yibeshye.
Ukoresheje ubwenge bw'abuhanga, abashakashatsi basesenguye umucyo, bareka miliyoni amagana ya gaze ya kanseri n'umukungugu, kandi biga ku buryo bwo kurambura. Uturere zera ni ibintu byijimye, ahariho kumenya ikiremwamuntu. Ibibara byijimye - ahantu hatagira, cyangwa kwishimira. Abahanga batekereza ko hari andi mategeko ya fiziki. Iki gikorwa cyerekanaga ko ikibazo gisuzumwa gikwirakwizwa cyane kuruta Einstein cyafashwe, kandi galaxy ni ijisho ritagaragara ryimiterere nini. Abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere bavuga ko ubu buvumbuzi buzahindura imyumvire y'akazi.