Amateka y'inyuguti
Inkuru "Umunsi umwe wa Ivan Denisovich" yazanye ibyamamare ku mwanditsi Alexander Isaevich Solizhenitsyn. Akazi kabaye inyandiko yambere yatangajwe numwanditsi. Yatangajwe ikinyamakuru "Isi Nshya" mu 1962. Iyi nkuru yasobanuye umunsi umwe ubanza wimfungwa mugihe cya Stalinist.Amateka yo Kurema
Mu ntangiriro, umurimo witwaga "SH-854. Umunsi umwe wa Zaka, "ariko kugenzura hamwe ninsanganyamatsiko zimbogamizi z'abamamaji n'abayobozi zagize ingaruka ku mpinduka z'izina. Umuntu ukomeye ukora inkuru yamagambo yari Ivan Denisovich Shukhov.
Ishusho yimico nyamukuru yaremye hashingiwe kuri prototypes. Uwa mbere yahawe inshuti ya Solzhenitsyn, warwanye na we imbere y'intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, ariko ntiyagwa mu nkambi. Iya kabiri ni umwanditsi ubwe uzi ibyabaye by'imfungwa z'inkambi. Solzhenitsyn yahamijwe n'intumwa za 58 kandi amara imyaka itari mike mu nkambi, akora nk'Umukobwa. Iyi nkuru ibera mu itumba ryo mu 1951 i Katorga muri Siberiya.
Ishusho ya Ivan Denisovich ni inzu mu bitabo by'Uburusiya z'ikinyejana cya 20. Iyo impinduka zabaye, kandi ubutegetsi bwa Stalinist bwemerewe kuvuga n'ijwi rirenga, iyi mico yabaye ishusho y'imfungwa z'inkambi y'abakozi bashinzwe imishinga y'ubutegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti. Amashusho yasobanuwe muri iyo nkuru yari amenyereye abafite uburambe bubabaje. Inkuru yabaye guhinduranya imirimo ikomeye, yahindutse kuba igitabo "Archipelag Gulag".
"Umunsi umwe Ivan Denisovich"
Inkuru isobanura ubuzima bwa Ivan Denisovich, isura ye kandi nigute gahunda yumunsi uri mu nkambi. Abagabo bafite imyaka 40. Ni umudugudu kavukire wa Tegenevo. Kuva mu ntambara mu mpeshyi yo mu 1941, yavuye mu rugo umugore we n'abakobwa babiri. Abakinnyi b'intwari b'indahemuka bakubise ingando muri Siberiya kandi bashoboye gukora imyaka umunani. Kubyavuye mumwaka wa cyenda, nyuma azongera gushobora gukora ubuzima bwubusa.
Dukurikije verisiyo yemewe, umugabo yakiriye igihe ntarengwa cyo ubuhemu. Twasuzumye ko, tumaze gusura imbohe y'Ubudage, Ivan Denisovich yasubiye mu gihugu cye akoresheje amabwiriza y'Abadage. Nabwirijwe kumenya icyaha cyo gukomeza kubaho. Nubwo mubyukuri, urubanza rwari rutandukanye. Ku rugamba, umunwa wari mumwanya uteye ubwoba nta biryo nibisasu. Amaze kumukurira, abarwanyi bahuye nabanzi. Abasirikare ntibizeraga inkuru y'abahunze bakabaha mu rubanza, ibyo biyemeje imirimo y'ibanze ari igihano.
Ubwa mbere, Ivan Denisovich yaguye mu nkambi afite ubutegetsi buguru muri Ust-izhmen, hanyuma yimurirwa muri Siberiya, aho binjijega rwose. Intwari yatakaje kimwe cya kabiri cy'amenyo, yerekana ubwanwa kandi koswa. Yahawe umubare shch-854, kandi inkambi igira umuntu muto usanzwe, iherezo ryabyo bifata ingero ndende n'imbaraga z'umutungo.
Mu myaka umunani yo gusoza, umugabo yamenye amategeko yo kubaho mu nkambi. Inshuti ze n'abanzi baturutse mu kamaro bari bafite ibyago bibabaje. Ibibazo mubucuti byari ibintu byingenzi kubura kubaho musomyi. Byari ukubera ko abayobozi bafite imbaraga nyinshi kuri imfungwa.
Ivan Denisovich yahisemo kwerekana ituze, yitwara bihagije no kubahiriza kugandukira. Umugabo ukonje, yahise amenya uburyo bwo kurokoka no ku izina ryiza. Yashoboye gukora no kuruhuka, yateguye umunsi mwiza n'ibiryo, yabonye ubuhanga busanzwe bukenewe. Ibiranga ubuhanga bwe buvuga ubwenge bwashyizwe kurwego rwa genetike. Iyo mico yerekanye imiyoboro y'ibihome. Ubuhanga bwe nuburambe byafashaga kuba Umwigisha mwiza muri Brigade, akwiye kubahwa numwanya.
Ivan Denisovich yari abayobozi wuzuye bagize. Yari azi gukora, kugira ihumure, ntiyasetse, ariko ntiyavunagura, yashoboye kugabanya umutekano utyari mu itumanaho kandi acunga impande zombi mu itumanaho n'urubanza ndetse n'abayobozi. Umunsi wishimye wa Ivan Shukhov, nyuma ya saa sita ubwo ataterwaga mu mujyi wa saa sita na Brigade ye ntabwo yagabanijwe mu mibereho iyo akazi kakozwe ku gihe kandi cyashoboye kurambura abagurisha ku munsi ahisha Shakisha, na Sezari Mariko bahaye itabi rye.
Ishusho y'abanenga SHHUKHOV yagereranijwe n'intwari ya Tolstoy - Platon Karataev. Intwari y'abantu boroheje, yamenetse na sisitemu ya leta yubusazi, yari mu mashini z'inkambi, kumena abantu batesha agaciro umwuka wabo ndetse no kwizirikana kwabantu.
Shukhov yibajije akabari, hakurikiraho ubumuga bwo kugwa. Kubwibyo, akuraho ingofero, yicaye kumeza, yirengagije amaso yo kuroba. Akomeza umwuka we kandi ntagambanira icyubahiro. Ibi bizamura umugabo hejuru yiterambere, ibikombe, stylilidililish muri lazaruko no gukubita abayobozi. Kubwibyo, Shukhov akomeza kuba umudendezo.
Imyitwarire kukazi murikazi yasobanuwe muburyo bwihariye. Kurandura urukuta bitera umunezero utizera, kandi abagabo, baribagiwe ko ari imfungwa zose zikambitse, shyira ingabo zose mu kubaka vuba. Amahame yumusaruro, wuzuyemo isezerano nk'iryo, yashyigikiwe n'umwuka w'ubusosiyalisiti, ariko mu nkuru ya Solzhenitsyn, ahubwo ni ubuyobozi kuri "conte ya Dante" Dante ".
Umuntu ntazabura niba afite intego, nuko kubaka chp bihinduka ikigereranyo. Kubaho gukambirwa birahagarikwa no guhaza akazi. Gusukura, byazanwe no kwinezeza n'imirimo yera imbuto, ndetse bikagufasha kwibagirwa indwara.
Ibisobanuro byishusho ya Ivan Denisovich avuga ibyerekeye ibitabo byo kugaruka kubitekerezo bya populism. Inkuru ihaza imibabaro mu izina rya Nyagasani mukiganiro na Alego. Shyigikira iyi ngingo no gutwara matrena. Imana n'ubwisanzure ntibikwira mu rwego rusanzwe rwo guhatira kwizera, ariko amakimbirane asa nkaho agaragara nka paraphrase y'ibiganiro bya Karamazov.
Gushiraho no gusuzuma
Ku nshuro ya mbere, isuzumarure ribanda ku nkuru Solzhenitsyn byabaye mu 1963. Umuyoboro w'Ubwongereza "NBC" wasohoye TV umurongo hamwe na Jason Rabardz Junior mu nshingano za. Umuyobozi wa Finish, Igifaransa Kaspar Reed yakuyeho filime "Umunsi umwe Ivan Denisovich" mu 1970, atumira abahanzi Tom Courtney gufatanya.
Inkuru ni ntoya mugusaba kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere, ariko muri 2000 zabonye ubuzima bwa kabiri kuri theatre. Isesengura ryimbitse ryakazi ryakozwe nabayobozi ryerekanye ko inkuru ifite ubushobozi bukomeye, isobanura ibyahise byigihugu bidashobora kwibagirana kandi ishimangira akamaro k'indangagaciro zidashira.
Mu 2003, Andriy Zowak yashyize ku mpamvu z'imikorere muri thema ya Kharkov ikinamico. Shevchenko. Icyiciro nticyakunze Solzhenitsyn.
Filippen Filippenko yashyizeho monostactapre ku bufatanye n'umuhanzi w'ikora David Borovsky mu 2006. Muri 2009, muri Opera ya Opera ya Perm mu masomo ya Perm, Georgy Isaakyan, yashyize opera ku muziki wa TChaikovsky ashingiye ku nkuru ya "umunsi umwe Ivan Denisovich". Muri 2013, Ikinamico ya Arkhangels yo muri Drama yatanze umusaruro wa Alexander Gorbanya.