Ubuzima
Umwamikazi w'Ubwongereza Maria Tuddor, uzwi kandi ku izina rya Maria yamaraso, afitanye isano na Polynomialitike, bityo izina rye rya kabiri ryavutse. Yabayeho afite ibyabaye mubuzima, inyungu aho adashira kugeza na nubu. Nkako, ntabwo yari umugome, ibyago bye bikungahaye mu byago bibabaje, nyuma byagize ingaruka ku nzirakarengane nyinshi.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Maria I Tydor yavutse muri Gashyantare 1516 i Greewich, icyo gihe yari mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa London, kandi uyu munsi ni akarere ke k'amateka. Mama - Umuganwakazi muto wa Espagne Ekanderina Aragonskaya, kandi Data ni umwami w'Ubwongereza Heii. Umugabo yari umutware wa kabiri wa leta ijyanye n'ingoma ya Tudor.
Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoUmukobwa yaje kuba umwana wambere ukomeye wa Catherine. Kugeza aha, umugore yari atwite inshuro 6, ariko kugerageza kureka uwo bashakanye umuragwa ntibyatsinzwe. Data ntiyatengushye isura ya Mariya ku mucyo, kuko yizeraga ko umugore we ashobora kubyara umuhungu. Yakundaga umukobwa we, yise isaro kandi yishimira imico ikomeye kandi yabujijwe.
Umwamikazi w'ejo hazaza mu bwana yari akomeye, byari inshingano y'ibibazo. Buri gihe yateze amatwi abitonze abitonze, bityo akaba akiri muto yigaruriye Ikigereki n'ikilatini nta kibazo, yari afite ibibazo, yakinnye ku mubyimba kandi wigana kubyina. Umukobwa wa Hoii wa Vinry wa Vinry yiganye ibitabo bya gikristo, kandi mu myidagaduro yahawe gusoma inkuru zerekeye abapolisi ba kera n'abarwanyi. Amaze gukura, yakoraga kugendera ku ifarashi no guhiga Falcon.
Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoNkumwana w'ikinege wa Heinrich, Maria yagize amahirwe yose yo guhaguruka ku ntebe y'ubwami, niba umugabo atagaragara kugeza akuze ye. Umwami kugeza uheruka kwiringirwa kubyara umuhungu, hanyuma Catherine yari mukwezi gushize yo gutwita. Ariko inzozi z'umwami ntiyigeze mbimenya, umwana yavutse yapfuye, umukobwa we rero yakomeje kuguma umuhanga mu gusanga umutware w'Ubwongereza.
Mu 1519, umwanya wo hejuru w'umukobwa waranyeganyezwa, kuko umukunzi w'umwami Elizabeth yabyaye umuhungu kuri we. Kandi nubwo yari umwana utemewe, aracyafite inkomoko. Ku muhungu ndetse bashyize umuturage kandi bakurikiza imitwe ihuye.
Inteko Nyobozi
Mu masomo menshi n'amasomo, Tududo yigaruriye indimi ebyiri, yatejwe imbere atari umwaka, ariko umwe mu burere bwe yarabuze. Ntamuntu wigishije Maria gucunga leta. Muri icyo gihe, Heinrich yatangiye gutekereza, ninde uzahinduka umwami ukurikira cyangwa umwamikazi w'Ubwongereza. Icyo gihe, yari amaze kumva ko Catherine atabyara umuhungu, bityo igihe cyagenwe cyo gufata ibyemezo.Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoUmwami yaciriye urubanza, Karl Titulas yari Yahawe hakiri kare kuruta umukobwa we, bityo Maria rero aba umwamikazi wales akajya kuri nyirubwite. Muri kiriya gihe, Wales yari itaragira mu Bwongereza, ariko yari ifasi yayo. Mu 1525, mu gukusanya ikirundo kinini n'abakozi, umututsi yimukiye mu rugo rushya kandi atura mu ngoro y'umwami. Inshingano z'umukobwa waje kugenzura politiki y'imbere, kugira ngo zitange ubutabera no gukurikiza umuhango, kandi nta muntu n'umwe wigeze agira ipfunwe.
Ibyabaye mu myaka 2 byahindukiye ubuzima bwa Mariya. Nyuma yo gushyingirwa igihe kirekire, Heinrich akuraho umubano na Catherine, kandi umutudo ahita azwi n'umukobwa utemewe, akangisha igihombo cy'uburenganzira ku ntebe y'ubwami. Ariko uwahoze ari umugore wo mu mutwe w'Ubwongereza ntabwo yamenye ko selimete yari ifitanye isano, umugabo yagombaga kumutera ubwoba akoresheje inama n'umukobwa we. Abashakanye bafite ubuya ku bumuga bwo mu muryango w'umwana w'ikinege.
Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoUbuzima bwa Mariya bwarushijeho kuba bibi nyuma yuko Data atangira abagore bashya. Ubwa mbere, Ana Bolein (yibarutse umukobwa wa Elizabeti), ariko amaze kwicwa kubera ubuhemu bwashakanye, yahinduye byinshi byongeye Jane Seymour. Yahaye umwami w'umuhungu wemewe - umurage utegerejwe igihe kinini, kandi nyuma y'iki gikorwa na nyuma yapfiriye ku ngorane za nyuma. Heinrich yatwitse muri make arongora Anna Klevskaya, nyuma y'abashakanye, Ekaterina Howard na Perre ba Ekaterina barabaye.
Kugira umuvandimwe we kavukire ku murongo wa se, ufite imyaka 9 yafashe intebe y'ubwami, ni uko imfungwa yari iwa kabiri ku ikamba. Umuhungu kuva akivuka yari afite intege nke, akenshi arwaye, yari kandi ubwoba bwerekeje ku bahungu be, bashakaga kumuhitiramo, hanyuma ugerageze kumuhirika, hanyuma ugerageze ku ntebe y'ubwami.
Bityo rero bahoraga bashiraho umusore kurwanya Mariya, intego yabyo niyo yaba akheerence w'umugore mu kiliyalika, kubera ko Edward ubwe yabwirije imyizerere y'abaporotisanti. Kubera iyo mpamvu, nanihaga kandi Umugatolika.
Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoUbwoba bwumupaka bwatsindishirijwe, bidatinze umuhungu yabonye ibimenyetso byigituntu, amaherezo yakuyeho ubuzima. Kandi mbere y'urupfu rwa Eduard ahatirwa gusinya itegeko, nk'uko uwasimbuye yakuye Jane Gray, na we uhagarariye igituba. Muri icyo gihe, Maria na Elizabeti (mushiki we kuri se) bambuwe amahirwe yo kuba abamikazi.
Umukobwa w'imyaka 16 rero agwa mu micungire y'Ubwongereza, itera uburakari abantu no kwirukana intebe mu minsi 9. Ku mpamvu zemewe z'ikamba Mariya yanyuze. Ku ngoma y'abayabanjirije, igihugu cyababaye cyane. Muri Henrich, yarimbuye amatorero menshi n'abihaye Imana, no muri Edwar, agereranya n'ikimwaro cy'umwami, yasahuye ikigega cy'umwami, yasahuye ikigega, none umugore yagombaga kubyutsa Ubwongereza no kubikuramo mu bukene no kuyikuramo ubukene.
Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoUbuzima bwa Mariya Ntabwo ndabiranga nk'umuntu w'umugome, ariko, ibintu biriho ubu byatumye umwamikazi yongera gukora. Uwa mbere gukubita Rat Jane Gray na Gilford Dudley, kimwe na se wumukobwa niy'umukobwa. Ntiyahisemo kohereza bene wabo igihe kirekire ndetse ashakishwa gutobora urubyiruko, ariko nyuma yo kwigomeka kwa Uyetta mu 1554, ko nta kundi wandikire.
Byinshi mumateka yinama nibyabaye. Amaze kuba umwamikazi, yatangiye gusana abana bahitanye kandi agarura ikirango gatolika mu Bwongereza. Ariko kandi iki gihe cyitwa ubugome cyane kubera kwicwa imbaga. Mu ntebe ya Mariya ku ntebe y'ubwami, abantu bagera kuri 300 bahasize ubuzima, aba bari abaporotesitanti.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umukwe w'umwamikazi w'ejo hazaza wajyanywe guhitamo kuva akiri muto. Noneho rero, igihe Mariya yahinduye amasaha 2, Data asoza amasezerano yo gusezerana na Dofi yigifaransa, umuhungu wa Francis, ariko nyuma yigihe gito. Ku myaka 6, Se yongeye yemera ku ishyingiranwa ry'umukobwa we n'umwami w'abami b'ubwami bwera bw'Abaroma V habsburg, arengeje imyaka 16.
Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoIkigaragara gishimishije nuko Karl yamenye ko gushyingirwa kwabo nkabahanga mu bihe bizaza, ariko Mariya ubwayo yamwishimiye urukundo, hamwe nuyu mugabo yashoboraga kugira ubuzima bwiza. Ariko ibi ntabwo byari byateganijwe gusohora. Kugeza mu 1527, Heinrich yavuguruye imyifatire i Roma, bityo urukundo yakundaga Karla rwiswe. Kunoza ibintu muri politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga, umugabo yatangiye gutanga umukobwa w'umuntu wo mu ruziga rukuru rw'Ubufaransa, bashoboraga kuba Francis I cyangwa Umwana we.
Maria akimara guhinga kugira ngo yitabe imipira, asubira i Londres. Ariko ntabwo yamufashaga kwishima ku giti cye, kuko umwami yahagaritse urugo na nyina, kandi umukobwa ahatirwa kubana n'abagore bashya ba Heinrich. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa se (icyo gihe yari afite imyaka 31), umugore ntiyari arubatse.
Mu 1554, Tordor aracyashaka. Abatoranijwe ni umwami wa Espagne kuva ku ngoma ya Habsburgs Philip II. Mbere y'ubukwe, umugabo uzaza yasinyanye amasezerano ahuza kutabangamira imicungire y'Ubwongereza, kandi mu gihe urupfu rutaragera rw'umwamikazi rutaragera rwo gusubira mu gihugu cyabo. Muri icyo gihe, abana bavutse bahita bahinduka intebe y'icyongereza.
Nyuma gato y'ubukwe, Umwamikazi yatangaje ko ategereje umwana. Uwo mwashakanye yishimiye aya makuru kandi yari ategereje isura ya samiir. Igihe cyo ijambo, abantu bose bari bategereje gutungurwa bidashimishije.
Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoUmwamikazi yatangaje ko birashoboka ko aribeshye mu kubara cyangwa kutiranya itariki yo gusama. Muri iki gihe, uru rubanza rusobanurwa nko gutwita ibinyoma. Dukurikije ibitekerezo, umugore yari afite kanseri cyangwa SSTst Ovarian, bityo, Maria yumvise uburwayi bwita ku gutwita kwe.
Abantu ntibakunze umugabo w'umwamikazi, bageze mu gihugu bafite umuturage mwinshi, yishyira hejuru, kandi akenshi yitwara, akenshi ni yo mpamvu yo gukomera ku muhanda w'Ubwongereza hagati y'Abasipanyoni n'Abanyesita . Filipo ntiyihishe ko adakunda Maria, yashishikajwe cyane na mushiki we Elizabeth Tudor. Yizeraga ko ikamba ryamusanga, bityo ashyigikira umubano wa gicuti n'umukobwa.
Urupfu
Mu mpera za 1550, Uburayi bwarafunzwe n'umuriro (ubwandu bwa virute y'ubuhumekero), bikaba byateje urupfu rw'abantu benshi. Mu Bwongereza, indwara yaje mu 1558, yamenetse igihe kirekire, kandi abantu barembye abantu ntibigeze bamenya ingaruka. Maria yarwaye muri Kanama muri uwo mwaka, naho mu Kwakira numvise ko ntazarokoka. Kandi yimukira mu ngoro ya St. James ntabwo yafashije Umwamikazi, nk'umugabo we wasezeranye mu gihe cyo gushyingura Data. Ubuzima bwumuntu bwatwaye indwara imwe.Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoMaria yavuze uburemere bw'indwara kandi ahangayikishijwe n'ejo hazaza h'igihugu. Imbaraga ze ziragenda, ariko umugore yashoboye kwambura uwo mwashakanye uburenganzira ubwo ari bwo bwose mu Bwongereza kandi yandike ubushake bwo kuzungura, ibyo, byabaye Elizabeti. Umwamikazi w'Ubwongereza yapfiriye ku ya 17 Ugushyingo, 1558, icyateye urupfu ni umuriro, Maria atigeze atsinda.
Kwibuka
Gucira imanza isura ya Tordor irashobora gusa gushushanya, byanditswe nabahanzi bazwi muri iyo myaka. Kuri buri kintu kiranga isura ya Mariya biratandukanye, ariko hafi ya byose byerekana kwambara imyenda ya cyami, hamwe na sura idasobanutse kandi igamanuka inguni yiminwa. Ibi byavuzwe ku mibabaro yo mu mwuka y'umugore, kubera ko yarokotse cyane, kandi umwamikazi ntiyubaka ubuzima bwumuryango.
Muri cinematografiya, inyungu muburyo bwa Tudorov bwagaragaye bwa mbere muri 1935, ariko nyuma yimyaka 6 umuraba utoroshye. Ndetse birenze ku bihe by'aba bami byari bivugwa mu 1953 kugeza 1972, ariko, hari abantu nyamukuru bava muri Heinrich VIII, Maria Stewart na Elizaber na Elizabeti Tudor. Kandi nyuma yikiruhuko mu 1998, urumuri rwabonye kaseti "Elizabeti", muri iyi film Maria yakinnye umukinnyi wa filime Katie Berk.
Hariho andi manza hamwe na byinshi-byinshi, ariko imico nyamukuru yumwamikazi w'Ubwongereza yari batatu gusa. Babiri muri bo bitwaga - "Maria Tudud" (Ibyanditswe mu 1912 na 1966), n'uwa gatatu bagiye kuri ecran mu 2008 bita "amateka yijimye ya maraso mariya" hamwe na Miranda Frenc mu nshingano za.
Mubikorwa byubuvanganzo byizihizwa nikinamico y'urukundo "Maria Tudord" Viktor Hugo. Iki gicuna cyafashwe na benshi, nubwo ikibanza arihinga, kandi intwari nyinshi ntabwo zifite prototypes.