Ubuzima
Umuhanzi wumunyamerika Mark Rotko ni umutware uzwi ku isi, ahagaze ku nkomoko yo kurema tekinoroji yo gushushanya. Umurage we, ugera kuri 836 ukora kuri canvas, ubu ushyizwe mu madolari maremare y'amadolari kandi aherereye mu mashusho y'isi yose, harimo no mu mashusho y'amashusho yo muri New York no mu nzu ndangamurage ya Tissen-Bornemis muri Madrid, kandi cyane Amashusho y'ingenzi "orange, amashusho atukura, umuhondo" umuhondo "azwiho ibintu by'agaciro." "Oya 10" ("ibara ry'umuyugubwe") na ". ").Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Mark Rotko, wari uwitwa Marcus Yakovlevich Rota, 1903 mu mujyi wa Vitebsk, mu mwanya wa deugavpils, ikigo cy'ubutegetsi n'umuco cya Lativiya n'ubu. Umuhungu yakiriye amashuri yuzuye kandi yiga kuvuga no gusoma mu ndimi 3. Mu bidukikije aho abahagarariye idini ry'Abayahudi bazanywe, bashinja ubutaka bw'amadini na politiki akenshi byarabaye, kuva bakiri bato bavuga ko abavandimwe na bashiki bacu babaga mu gukandamizwa no gutinya.
Umusore yashoboye kwakira uburezi mu ishuri gakondo ya Abayahudi, hanyuma arinda abana mu gisirikare mu macakubiri y'ubwami bw'Uburusiya, umuryango wimukiye muri Amerika. Hafi yakemuwe muri Portland, Rotkovichi yarokotse ibyago bifitanye isano n'urupfu rw'uwomboga, kandi iki gikorwa cyatumye banga gutuza no gutangira ubuzima bwabo.
Igihe cyose nyina n'abana bakuze bacukuye uburyo bwo kurya, Marcus mu 1921 yarangije amashuri yisumbuye ya Lincoln kandi, amenya ururimi rw'icyongereza, amenya ururimi rw'icyongereza, yabaye umunyamuryango w'icyongereza, yabaye umunyamuryango w'icyongereza, yabaye umunyamuryango ukomeye mu bagize umuryango w'Abayahudi ndetse no mu biganiro bya politiki. Kunywa n'ibibazo by'inyungu z'abantu bakora n'uburenganzira bw'abagore bakoresheje imbyaro, kuri Sirko yari hagati y'inama zikomeye zakazi, aho yari hagati y'inama zikomeye zakazi, aho yari hagati y'inama zidasanzwe zakazi, aho yari hagati y'inama zidasanzwe z'abakozi, aho abamarayika bahanganye bo muri Amerika bigejeje kandi Emma Golman yagaragaye.
Kubera ko umusore yiyumvamo art, umusore yinjiye mu ishuri, akumva inzira y'abanyeshuri bazwi cyane ba Apil Gorti, bimukira muri Amerika mu mijyi ya Ottoman mu Bwami bwa Ottoman. Nyuma yibyo, Marcus yimukiye muri shampiyona y'abanyeshuri b'amateka y'ubuhanzi agwa mu mbaraga za Max Weber, wabaye azwi cyane kubera akazi mu buryo bwa Cubism.
Kuyoboye uyu mwarimu ufite impano, Rothko yakoresheje uko abona igishushanyo maze amenya ko igishushanyo gishobora gukoreshwa nkigikoresho cyamarangamutima namadini kwigaragaza.
Gushushanya
Canvas, igereranya imbere n'amashusho mu buzima bw'abaturage, yagaragaye neza n'abanegura. Kugaragaza ibishushanyo bya Roko byatanzwe mu bubiko bw'ibinyoma by'ubuhanzi bwa none i New York, kandi umuhanzi yitondera abahanga mu by'amateka y'ubuhanzi akoresheje amabara akungahaye ku biranga ibishushanyo bya Amerika.
Imiterere iranga akazi "kwiyuhagira, cyangwa ahantu hakeye ku mucanga" byatangiye guhinduka kuri gereza, aho amarangi manda yatumye anyura mu butunzi bw'amabara meza. Mu 1936, ubu buryo bwo gushushanya Rotko yagerageje gusobanura mubikorwa byumurimo, ariko igitabo cyabwiwe ibijyanye no guhanga udushya mu buryo busanzwe kandi bya stylistic ntibyarangiye kandi bitangazwa mu buzima bw'umuhanzi.
Mu rwego rwo kurenga amasomo yari afite ingaruka zimibereho kandi ya politiki, Mariko hamwe nabayoboke bahindukiriye umwanya wububabare bwabantu, butarenze imipaka yamateka n'umuco runaka. Kandi kuva muri ako kanya, intego y'ubuhanzi kubahanzi yari yuzuye icyuho cyimbere cyumwuka.
Edep "yanditswe n'iki gitekerezo, yabaye igishushanyo mbonera cy'imigani kandi yakiriye amazina ya" Antigona ", ati:" Antigona "," antigona "," antigona "," antigona "," antigona "," antigona "," antigona "," antigona "," antigona "," antigona "," antigona "," antigona "," antigona ". Ariko, hamwe nigihe, Rodko yaretse guhamagara akazi ke kandi akigarukira kumubare cyangwa ibisobanuro byamabara akoreshwa.
Ni mu miterere ya canvas ya Artististe yatanzwe mu kigo kizwi cyane cy'ubuhanzi, cya Peggy giggenheim, kandi nubwo yanenze cyane, bamwe muri bo bagurishijwe ku giciro cya $ 150-750.
Nyuma, imirimo myinshi yajanjaguwe mumyaka 7 yerekanwe buri mwaka mungoro ndangamurage yubuhanzi bwabanyamerika. Igiciro cyinshi nka "Lavender na Mulberry", "ikigo cyera", "umutuku kuri bordeaux yijimye" na "ubururu, icyatsi" bwageze ku madorari ibihumbi.
Intsinzi yubucuruzi ntabwo yashimishije umuhanzi, kandi hagati ya 1960, yasamye umushinga mushya witwa Chapel Rotko. Birashimishije ni uko Umwanditsi w'iki gitekerezo, yavukiye kubyara, yafashe icyemezo cyo gushyira icyumba muburyo bwa Gatolika ya Roma. Nkigisubizo, akazi karemwe muri uyu mushinga ni ugusohora ibihangano mumyaka 10 ishize, barashobora kugaragara kumafoto muri kataloge na alubumu zubuhanzi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Isosiyete y'Abahanzi Nocuce bahuye n'uwashizeho uwashizeho imitako, isukari, kandi mu 1933 uyu mukobwa mwiza wa Careyree wabaye umugore. Mu 1937, abashakanye baratandukanye na nyuma y'ubwiyunge ntibashoboraga gushinga neza ubuzima bwite. Mu 1943, amaherezo abashakanye baratandukanye, umuhanzi yari afite ihungabana rirerire, agira ikibabaje kubaho bw'icyuho.
Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, Rothko yahuye numukunzi mushya kandi bidatinze arongora Mary Alice Bestll, abo tuziranye na baziranye bari inshuti mu gicuti. Kubera imbaraga zayo, umuhanzi yatsinze kwiheba no kwandika abstraction, icyamamare cyane muri byo cyari igishushanyo "kitinda ku nkombe y'inyanja".
Nyuma, abashakanye bakoze urugendo rwinshi. Mu ruzinduko mu Burayi mu 1950, bari bafite umukobwa witwa Kate mu cyubahiro nyina wa Roorko. Ariko nyuma yindwara yateje uburwayi, umuhanzi yahukanye nuwo mwashakanye wa kabiri nimyaka yashize abaho wenyine.
Urupfu
Mu 1968, Rotko atangira kubabara ibitero nke, nyuma kwisuzuma, abaganga basanze arwaye mu ugukoresha umucyo mujyana w'amaraso kandi umubare wa tuyirinde ko adashobora overvoltage mubiri imihati myinshi. Ariko Mariko abunganira inama zirengagijwe kandi akomeza gukora, kunywa no kunywa itabi.Kubera iyo mpamvu, yatangiye kubabazwa n'ibitero byo kwiheba no ku ya 25 Gashyantare 1970 yiyahuye. Ku munsi, igihe akazi karageze kageze muri chapel ya roko, umurambo wumuhanzi wavumbuwe hasi yamahugurwa. Nyuma yo gufungura, byagaragaye ko urupfu rwarushijeho kurengana, rwateje agahore k'umutima na hemorhage mu bwonko.
Gushushanya
- 1947 - "Umuhondo, Umutuku na Orange"
- 1949 - "Violet, Umukara, Orange, Umuhondo kumweru n'umutuku"
- 1949 - №3 / №13 ("magenta, umukara, icyatsi kuri orange")
- 1950 - "Umweru" ("umuhondo, umutuku na lavender kuri roza")
- 1951 - №2 (№7 na №2)
- 1953 - Amazina
- 1953 - №3.
- 1953 - №61 ("ingese n'ubururu")
- 1954 - №1 ("Royal Red n'ubururu")
- 1956 - Orange n'umuhondo
- 1959 - "Umwirabura kuri Maroon"
- 1964-1967 - Rosko Chapel
- 1966 - Amazina ("Ubururu bugabanijwe nubururu")