Ubuzima
Alphonse isazi - umuhanzi wa Ceki na gahunda, byagaragaye mu cyerekezo cyo kwishushanya no gushyira mubikorwa. Yari mu bashinze ubwoko bushya - Ar-Nouveau, cyangwa bigezweho. Ibikorwa by'isazi byatandukanijwe no kubura imirongo itaziguye kandi ibyo ukunda kunyerera biranga urutonde rusanzwe. Inzira nshya yungutse abayoboke mubahanzi, ibishushanyo hamwe nudubatsi.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Alphonse Fly yavutse ku ya 24 Nyakanga 1860 i Maraviya, muri Ivanchitsa, mu muryango w'umucamanza n'umukobwa Melnik. Umuhungu yerekanye ko yifuza guhanga kuva mu myaka muto. Yakundaga kuririmba no gushushanya. Yagaragaje neza ubuhanga ku ishuri. Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi ya Gymnasium, Alfons yahisemo kwinjira mu ishuri rya Prague y'ubuhanzi. Ntibyashobokaga gutsinda ibizamini kuva mu nshuro ya mbere y'umusore, nuko se amumenya ko ari umwanditsi mu rukiko.
Igikorwa cya Mukha Jr. uhujwe ninyungu muri theatre. Ubwa mbere yibura uwo umukinnyi, ariko bidatinze yaje kubona ko roho ye iri mubuhanzi bugaragara, atangira kwishora mubishushanyo. Muri kiriya gihe, ibyapa byambere byaturutse munsi yikaramu ya alfons. Yakoraga nk'umucuramutungo kandi atekereza ku bucuruzi ashaka guhambira ubuzima bwe.
Mu myaka ya 1879, umuhanzi yabonye akazi mumahugurwa ya fittate "kautsky-brioši-Burkhart". Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, yatwitse mu muriro, kandi Alphonse yimukiye mu mujyi muto wa Mikulov. Impanuka yishimye niyo mpamvu yubutumire bwisazi intera com-Belassi kubara. Wol wed yategetse umuhanzi gushushanya inkuta kandi yishimiye impano ya pirite. Alphonse rero yabonye patron wasezeranije kwishyura amasomo ye muri Munich Academy yubuhanzi.
Narebye imyaka 2, umusore yahisemo kujya i Paris, yabaye ahantu ho kwibanda kubanditsi bafite impano. Hano yateganyaga gukomeza amasomo ye yinjira mu ishuri rya Yulien, ndetse no ku ishuri rya Kolassi.
Mu myaka ya 1889, imbaraga nyinshi, zitera inkunga ibyo alfons ibikenewe, kandi yagumye nta mibereho. Kwandika amashusho asabwa, kuko guswera no gushushanya byari bifite byinshi. Alfons yahisemo gutangira kwiyuhagira yigenga kandi yatangiriye ku gukora ibikomoka ku icapiro: kalendari, ibyapa, ibyapa n'ubutumire. Yabaye umushushanya.
Gushushanya
Imwe mubyapa biteganijwe byatumye bizwi. Umuhanzi yashyizeho itegeko ryiza ryabakinnyi mu bufaransa Sara Bernard. Alfonso yaremye icyapa kuri "zhismond". Umukinnyi wa filime yari ashimishijwe cyane, yamusabye nk'umudayiriza ubuyobozi bw'ikinamico ya renaissars, kandi guhera kuri iyi kanya ko gahunda yo gutumiza ituma.
Usibye ibyapa, ibyapa n'ibimenyetso, kuguruka kwanditse amashusho. Muri kiriya gihe, yashoboye gutegura imurikagurisha rye. Iya mbere yabaye mu 1897. Kubwa Bernard Muha nyuma yashyizeho ibyapa byinshi kumusaruro wa "Madamu Biturutse kuri Kamellias", "Tosca", "Igitabo cyakoranye na positi", "Ubuzima bwa Padaro", "Ubuzima bw'abanyagihugu" ".
Isazi yakoresheje Venice muri Paris n'Uburayi, ikoresheje ibyamamare bikura. Mu 1898, yazanye ubumenyi bwa George Fuka, umuragwa w'ingabo. Ibisubizo byubucuti bwabo nicyo cyegeraje guhuriza hamwe imitako. Intsinzi yaje kubyara, na Fuka yategetse Mukhe igishushanyo cyurugo rwe, kimwe no gukora imbere mububiko.
Mu 1910, isazi yongeye kugera muri Repubulika ya Ceki. Hano yahisemo kubona inzozi ze nini atangira gukora ku mutego w'amashusho "gravic epic". Muri icyo gihe, umuhanzi yasuye Moscou na St. Petersburg, bashishikarije kurema abitwa abashinzwe uburusiya. Kora ku mirimo yatwaye imyaka 18 irangira mu 1928. Isazi zibangikanye zakoze ibicuruzwa.
Umwanditsi yashyikirijwe Abanya Ceki yo mu mashusho 20 ku mateka ya Slavs. I Prague, ntahantu hashobora kubikwa ibipimo bikomeye. Abafana babo babitswe mu ngoro, icyo gihe muri kariya mu bigo, gusa mu 1963 ibishushanyo byashyizwe ahagaragara kugirango abantu bose babone. Umushinga wari umwe mu bitekerezo binini byo guhanga bya Alphonse isazi ya Alphonse, ariko imirimo ye y "amabuye y'agaciro", zodiac n'abandi basabye basabwa kimwe no gukundwa na rubanda.
Muri 1918, nyuma yo gushinga umuhanzi wa Repubulika ya Ezechoslovakiya, yajuririye Umuhanzi kubera gushyiraho igishushanyo mbonera cyamafaranga, ibirango, ikote ry'intwaro n'inyandiko zemewe. Byongeye kandi, muri iyi myaka isazi yashyizeho igishushanyo cy'ikirahure cya karindwi kuri katedrali ya St. Vita i Prague.
Isazi yeguriye ubuzima bwe bwose guhangayikisha. Imirimo y'umwanditsi iraterwa no gukundana no kwigana. Intwari ze zimeze nka Nymp, abo abumva bafashwe mugihe cya mirongoye cyangwa copetry. Igikorwa cya gahunda igihe kirekire cyagumye gikenewe, ariko nyuma ya 1930 gukundwa kwumuhanzi yagiye kugabanuka. Iherezo ryategetse ibindi bya ibitekerezo. Mu ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yatangira, irangi ryaguye mu magambo ya gatatu, yashyizwe ku rutonde rw'abanzi kandi rwashyizwemo uruhare rukekwa mu bikorwa byo kurwanya Fashiste n'ibitsina.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Kwimukira i Paris mu gihe gikuze, isazi yakundanye na Cekil ya Maria Chietil. Itandukaniro riri hagati yabo ryari imyaka 20. Ariko ntabwo byateye isoni umukobwa, maze aba umugore wumuhanzi. Ubukwe bwabaye mu 1906. Mu bashakanye, abashakanye babyaranye abana babiri: umukobwa n'umuhungu. Hamwe n'umuryango wa Alphonse Mukha, igihe runaka babaga muri Amerika, aho yanditse amashusho kandi arema ibyapa. Yishimiye ubuzima bwe bwite, ariko arota agaruka mu gihugu cye, cyabaye nyuma.
Ifite amatsiko kuba abakomoka ku muhanzi bagiye ibere indine ze. Umukobwa n'abuzukuru bagejejwe mubuhanzi bukoreshwa. Yarmila, umwuzukuru wa gahunda, yashyizeho umushinga, aho ibintu by'ibihano byakozwe ukurikije ibishushanyo bya alppesons. Umuhungu w'ikimango yabaye umunyamakuru.
Urupfu
Gukurikirana no guta bigomba kurokoka umwanditsi, wahoze akunda kwiyuhagira mu rukundo rw'abashitsi b'impano ye, yagize ingaruka. Mu 1939, Muha yarapfuye. Icyateye urupfu rwe cyatanze umusonga. Mbere y'urupfu, alfons yashoboye gutangaza ibisambo.Imva ya pirite izwi iherereye ku irimbi rya Vigiserad muri Repubulika ya Ceki. I Prague kuva mu 1998, hari inzu ndangamurage yeguriwe umurimo wumuhanzi nuwashizeho. Kwibuka Alphonse, isazi yakomeje akazi ke n'amafoto menshi yakozwe mubuzima.
Gushushanya
- 1891 - "Umugore Uzengurutswe n'indabyo"
- 1896 - "Salamambo"
- 1898 - "Medea"
- 1897 - "Imbuto"
- 1897 - "Kalendari ya Champagne"
- 1898 - "Lily"
- 1899 - "Data wa twese"
- 1900 - "Topaz"
- 1902 - "Umwenda utukura"
- 1920 - "Iherezo"
- 1938 - "Imyaka y'urukundo"