Ubuzima
Clifforda Saimaka afatwa nk'umwe mu bashinze ibihimbano bya none by'ubuvanganzo muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, ndetse n'umwanditsi w'impimbano munini w'Abanyamerika. Ibikorwa nkibi biva muri bibliografiya ye nk '"impeta ikikije izuba", "kubaho ubuntu bwo hejuru", "Umujyi", bifatwa nk'icyiciro cya mbere - bishimiye gusubiramo igisekuru cya mbere cy'ababitabo.Clifford yagizwe ibitabo bitangaje mumyaka 55, aho inkuru 127 nabagenzi basohotse, ndetse no mu mahame 28 zuzuye. Bamwe muribo nyuma basenyutse.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Clifford Donald Simkak (cyane yavuze izina ryanyuma Fantista) yasohotse ku ya 3 Kanama 1904 mu mujyi wa Millville, uherereye muri Wisconsin. Nyuma yaho, mubice byinshi byumwanditsi, ibikorwa byimuriwe ku bakozi be kavukire. Sogokuru ya Clifford kumurongo wa se, witwaga Shimake, yimukiye muri Amerika kuva Bohemia, akaba ari ahantu h'amateka mu Burayi bwo hagati, bwabaye igice cy'iburengerazuba bwa Ceki kugeza uyu munsi.
Ubuvanganzo Bwiza bwatangiye kunama imyumvire y'umuhungu mu rubyiruko, kandi bikagira ingaruka kuri iki kirego cy'umwanditsi wa kera Herbert Amayeri, akaba yarimuremo imirimo nk'iyi idasanzwe nk '"umuntu utagaragara" n' "intambara yo". Amaze kubona amashuri yisumbuye muri imwe mu mashuri yaho, umusore yimukiye muri Madison, aho yatangiye kwiga itangazamakuru muri kaminuza ya Wisconsin. Icyakora, ntabwo yigeze aburanira impamyabumenyi, kuko yajugunye amasomo ye.
Byongeye kandi, umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yakoraga mu bitabo bitandukanye byo mu rwego rwo hagati yo hagati kugeza mu 1939 yasinyanye amasezerano n'umujyi Minneapolis inyenyeri n'umuryango. Hamwe na we, Clifford yakoranye ku rukiko rukomeje ku kiruhuko cy'izabukuru ubwe, cyabaye mu 1976. Kuva mu 1949, umugabo yakoraga nk'umwanditsi mukuru w'ishami ry'amakuru mu kinyamakuru Minneapolis, ndetse no mu 1961 yari umuhuzabikorwa w'Ubushakashatsi na MintNeapolis izwi cyane.
Ibitabo
Nkumwanditsi, Clifford Saimak yabanje gukorerwa mu 1931, byabaye kwerekana inkuru ye ya mbere, yitwa "isi y'izuba ritukura". Umwaka wose wakurikiye, uwo mugabo yamaze kurenga inkuru, nk '"ijwi mu busa", "kunanirwa". "
Mu 1933, Saimak yahisemo gusiga ibikorwa by'ubuvanganzo. Niyo mpamvu ko mu myaka 5 iri imbere, ibyaremwe byonyine byatangaga inkuru ya siyansi "Umuremyi", bifitanye isano nidini, byanze bikunze biboneka mubuvanganzo bwibihimbano byicyo gihe. Muri uyu murimo, Clifford yabanje kubahagarariye ubwoko bwagerageje buryo bukaze bwo gusobanura ko isanzure ryaremwe na Demiurge.
Kugaruka kwa Saimak byuzuye kwandika ubuhanzi byabaye mu 1938. Iki gihe, kumenyekana kwari kwizihiza mu buryo bwinshi tubikuye ku bufatanye n'ikinyamakuru cyo mu rurimi rwa siyanse ibihimbano, Umuyobozi mukuru John Campbell yari. Mu bihe bitandukanye, imirimo ya Azimov, Heinline, Kattnier, Inyenyeri, Del Rey na Van vozhta basohotse muri iyi nyandiko. Clifford hamwe n'abanditsi bamenyekanye n'Umuremyi w'imyaka ya Zahabu y'impimbano muri Amerika, bamaze imyaka 12, kuva 1938 kugeza 1950.
Ibikorwa byambere by'umwanditsi, muri bo harimo igitabo cya 1939 cyo kurekura "injeniyeri zo mu kirere", gisobanurwa ku buryo bwo guhuza ibihimbano byuzuye ku karubanda. Iyi nkurwi irangwa no kwibanda kubice bya tekiniki. Ibinyuranye byitwa "byoroheje", byibanda kubihimbano byubutabazi.
Mu kubona uburambe bwo kwandika, Clifford yahisemo kuva kumuhanda wa trottening no gukora uburyo budasanzwe bwumwanditsi abanegura ubuvanganzo batanze izina ryabashumba. Mubikorwa byabo bya nyuma, umugabo yavuze ku mibonano y'amahoro na UFOs ndetse n'umuryango wo mu mwuka w'imico, uherereye ku mpande zitandukanye z'isi nini. Abanyamahanga ba Simaak bazaba baruhukiye muri imwe mu tubari b'intara ya subconsin ye kavukire, aho kwishora mu bucakara bw'isi.
Umwanditsi yizeraga ko ikiremwamuntu gifite ibyiringiro byemeza, ariko icyarimwe nticyabwiwe kuvuga ko buri mpamvu y'isi n'ijuru igomba gutangira kwiga ku "ishuri rya kanza". Muri biography yo guhanga ya Clifford, hari kandi igihe yakoraga ku burengerazuba n'inkuru zerekeye intambara.
Mu 1952, igitabo cyitwa "Umujyi" cyasohotse ku nshuro ya mbere, byari ngombwa cyane ku nkuru nto. Saimak yanditse igitabo muri iyo minsi igihe ikiremwamuntu cyagize amakimbirane manini - ubanza isi ya kabiri, hanyuma intambara yo muri koreya. Kwiyongera no kurekura akazi "Umujyi", Clifford yagaragaje ubwoko bwo kwigaragambya ku bugome bw'abantu.
Amaherezo, isi yubuvanganzo yahuye na Utopia, ivuga ku isi y'ejo hazaza, aho, aho, aho kuba abantu baho robo n'imbwa, kugira ibitekerezo. Kubera iyo mirimo, Saimak yahawe igihembo mpuzamahanga gitangaje mu 1953, nyuma yageze igihe cyamamare igihe kirekire cyari gitegerejwe ku isi. Mu myaka myinshi yo guhanga bizima, umwanditsi yahawe inshuro 3 inshuro nyinshi igihembo cyubuvanganzo "Hugo" na 1 - "Graule".
Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti zerekeye umwanditsi w'impaka, gusa mu 1957 gusa, nyuma y'ikinyamakuru gikunzwe "ubumenyi", cyahinduwe kandi gisohoka kandi gisohoka mu nkuru ze, cyiswe bwa mbere kuri Mercure ". Duhereye kuri iyi ngingo, ibisekuru byinshi byingimbi nabakuze byatangiye guhamagara Cliford numwe mubanditsi bakunda ibihimbano. Ibikorwa bye byasohotse mu rukurikirane bita "Mira Clifford Simak".
Mu myaka ya za 1960, Saimak yahimbye ibitabo byinshi, kandi hashize imyaka icumi yakurikiyeho hashimangiwe kwandika imigezi n'inkuru, kuko ubuzima bwe bwatangiye kwangirika vuba.
Nubwo byari bimeze bityo ariko, umwanditsi yakomeje kurema hafi kugeza apfuye ibyabaye mu 1988. Ku myaka irenga 8 mbere yibi birori, kimwe mu bikorwa bye biherutse gusohoka - inkuru ya "SOTTO impongo" impongo zo kubyina ". Kubwibyo, umurimo wa Saimak wahawe ibihembo kimwe nibihembo bitatu byingenzi byingenzi byabayeho, "inzige", "neule" na "Hugo".
Imirimo yubuvanganzo ya Clifford Mekak mugihe kizaza cyabaye intangarugero kubakozi batandukanye yubuhanzi bwisi. Imirimo ye myinshi yarokotse ingabo nka firime zose z'uburebure na selial. Mu 1993, umuyobozi w'Uburusiya Yuri Elhov yakuyeho film yitwa "Anomaly", ibintu byakuwe mu gitabo "inyama zose - ibyatsi". AktTra Alexander Filippeen yo yiyemeje gusohoza uruhare rw'imiterere nkuru ya Syram.
Ikigaragara gishimishije nuko ibitabo byubuhanzi bya sika no bigaragarira mwisi yimyambarire minini. Mu mwaka wa 2012, ibirahuri by'Uburusiya byitwa Fkohita, uwashinze akaba yari uwashizeho Konstantin shileev. Mugihe ukora ibikoresho byuburenganzira, umugabo yahumetswe na firime Stanley Kubrick, kimwe nibikorwa byubuvanganzo byabanditsi nka Saimak, Bradbury, Heinline niranganga.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1929, umugore wemewe wa Clifford Saimak ni umugore witwa URUBYIRUKO KUKHENERG SI SI SIMUK. Bidatinze, abashyingiranywe babaye ababyeyi b'abana babiri.Nubwo ibitabo byumwanditsi wumunyamerika bitwawe nibintu bidasanzwe, ubuzima bwihariye bwumugabo bwapimwe bihagije kandi ituze. Muri kimwe mu biganiro, Clifford yavuze ko, usibye ibikorwa by'itangazamakuru no kwandika, yakundaga kujya kuroba, ndetse no gukusanya kashe no gukina chess.
Urupfu
Clifford Donald Saimak yabayeho igihe kirekire kandi gikungahaye, apfa afite imyaka 83 mu mujyi wa Minneapolis ku ya 25 Mata 1988. Impamvu nyayo y'urupfu ntirutangazwa, ariko irashobora gufatwa ko bahinduye urupfu rwe rwaravutse kuri iki kibazo cyubuzima.
Amagambo
"Ubuzima ntabwo ari ubw'ibintu bitatekereza ku" "ubusaza ni kimwe mu bihano byacu, ariko icyarimwe, n'uburenganzira bwa muntu mu buryo butaziguye". "Nta na kimwe nari mfite cyo kwerekana Uwiteka Ukuri kw'ukuri ubwako "Bibliografiya
- 1962 - "Hafi yabantu"
- 1963 - "Sitasiyo yo Kwimura"
- 1966 - "Iyo munzu ari wenyine"
- 1968 - "REBLIN YEMEWE"
- 1973 - "Epilogue"
- 1974 - "Ifoto y'intambara ya Marato"
- 1977 - "Umuvandimwe"
- 1978 - "INGINGO Nshya
- 1980 - "Kuririmba neza"
- 1981 - "Kurumwa!"