Ubuzima
Aris Merdock yitwa umwe mubanditsi benshi b'Abongereza bo mu kinyejana cya 20. Umurage we urimo imirimo 26 ishimishije itaragera kubitabo. Umugore ufite impano yiyeguriye ibitabo ubuzima bwose, nubwo hari ingorane nyinshi mugihe cye.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bwa Jin Iris Iris Merrock bwatangiye ku ya 15 Nyakanga 1919 mu murwa mukuru wa Irilande - Dublin. Se yari umuhanga w'amavuriro mu ntambara ya mbere y'isi yose, nyuma yiyandikishije mu mirimo mboneza y'isi. Umukobwa wumubyeyi yari umuririmbyi wa opera. Urubyiruko rwahuye bwa mbere i Dublin, kandi mu 1918 rwifataga mubukwe. Umwaka umwe, umukobwa yagaragaye mumuryango.
Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoMu 1920, Iris, hamwe n'ababyeyi be bimukiye i Londres. Ari mu murwa mukuru w'Ubwongereza ko umwanditsi yabereye abana. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ibibazo byo muri Irlande kavukire buri gihe byangiza umugore kubera kubaho, ntabwo yakuyemo inkomoko ye. Mu kiganiro, umwanditsi yavuze ko umwana we yishimye, kandi ubumwe bwe n'ababyeyi be bita "Ubutatu bw'Ubutatu."
Merrock yarangije ishuri ryigenga muri Rochempton, nyuma yinjira mu ishuri ry'abakobwa i Bristol. Mu 1938, yabaye umunyeshuri wa Asryville College, muri kaminuza ya Oxford. Ubwa mbere, umukobwa yize mugihe cyicyongereza, nyuma atangira kwiga ibitabo bya kera kandi byubwongereza. Mu 1942 yakiriye impamyabumenyi ya dogere 1, arangije muri kaminuza neza.
Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoKomeza kwigisha Iris byatsinzwe kubera intambara itangiye. Amaze kwiga, yagiye ku kazi muri minisiteri y'imari, maze mu 1944 yimukira i Loni ku mwanya w'abanditsi, aho yatangijwe imyaka 2. Mu 1947, umukobwa yinjiye mu munyeshuri wa poste ya poste ya Newnem muri kaminuza ya Cambridge, atangira kwiga filozofiya.
Mu rubyiruko rwa Merrock, umwarimu w'umwarimu wa filozofiya muri kaminuza ya Saint Anne kuri kaminuza ya Oxford. Uyu murimo watanze imyaka 15 yubuzima bwe. Oxford yabaye ahantu h'ibintu: byari hano ko ibintu by'ingenzi mu mibereho ye bibaye.
Ibitabo
Kwandika Merrock yatangajwe cyane. Igitabo cye cya mbere, cyiswe "munsi y'urusobe", cyasohotse mu 1954. Ku mugore, kwandika inkuru ubanza byari umwuga wo kwimiza. Yahimbye kurekura igitabo cye, ariko icya mbere cyo kugerageza ubuvanganzo mbere yuko ibyo bitagaragajwe na rusange.Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoAbakenguzamateka barabyemeye "munsi yumuyoboro" bitandukanye rwose: Umuntu ushimwa, kandi umuntu wanze byimazeyo guhuza imigenzo ya Plutovsky na filozofiya. Mu bihe biri imbere, igitabo cyinjije urutonde rwa "100 uduce tuvuga Icyongereza kivuga ibihe byose" ukurikije igihe. Imirimo ya mbere ya Iris yabaye imwe rukumbi muri bibliografiya yose hamwe niganje yubwoko busekeje.
Guhitamo kwishora mu mirimo y'ubuvanganzo umwuga, Merrock yatangiye gukora umusaruro kandi wizeye. Nyuma yimyaka 2 gusa nyuma yubutsinzi bwa mbere kuri compte yibitabo byibitabo, igitabo cye cya kabiri cyitwa "Guhunga Wizard", byatewe ahanini na filozofiya izwi cyane.
Mu 1953, umugore yaremye igitabo kivuga kuri Sartre ya Jean-Umurima. Mu ntangiriro y'inzira ye yo guhanga, ashishikaye hamwe na filozofiya yo kubaho, uyu mukobwa yatewe n'ibitabo by'uyu mwanditsi nk '"isesemi".
Iherezo rya 1960 ryaranzwe no gutangazwa n'ibitabo by'ibitabo, byitwa Abashakashatsi ba Aris "Abaroma ba Nkana na Tyne", "mu Butaliyani". Muri bo, Merrock irashakira ingaruka kumuntu wibintu byangiza.
Gusetsa bisekeje byakomeje umurimo wa Merrock "roza yo mu gasozi". Muri yo, umugore yashoboye kwiyerekana ko ari umwanditsi ushyira mu gaciro impano, kimwe no gukomeza imigenzo yashyizwe hasi ya kera y'ibitabo by'Ubwongereza. Abaroma bagiye ibyerekeye umudendezo, urukundo no gushyingirwa, kandi umwanditsi yiga isano iri hagati yibi bintu. Mu 1974, firime y'inyuguti 4 yasohotse kuri televiziyo y'Abanyamerika, ikaba irimo iki gitabo.
1970 yaranzwe no gukura kwa Iris nkumwanditsi. Yashatse gukomeza imigenzo yashyizwemo na Shakespeare, ari yo yintangarugero y'intangarugero. Uyu mwanditsi yibijije abasomyi be mu buhinzi bw'ikinamico kandi ashinga verisiyo zabo bwite z'imigambi mibiza. Inzitizi za Shakespearean zirimo imirimo nk'iyi "ikibazo cya Jackson", "igikomangoma cy'umukara", "inyanja, inyanja". Intwari za kera zabonye ibisobanuro bishya biva kuri Merrock maze bihindura ibitekerezo byabo kugirango bashake ibisobanuro byubuzima nibyiza.
Igihe kiremereye ubuzima bwe bwo guhanga Iris yakoresheje guhumekwa kuva Platon. Yatangiye gutekereza mu bitabo bye bijyanye no gushaka ubuzima bwimyitwarire, igipimo cyo kwibeshya n'ukuri. Mu mirimo y '"umuntu udasanzwe", yavuze byinshi ku bijyanye no gushaka amahame mbwirizamuco, kandi yanasuzumye ikibazo cy'imyitwarire y'inshingano z'umuntu ku bandi bantu, bakoresheje uburyo busekeje bwo gutanga.
Roman Iris "Umuganwa wa Black", aho gakondo yafatwa nk'ibyiza, byasohotse mu 1973. Uyu murimo ugereranya ibisobanuro byumwanditsi byamateka ya Hamlet. Nanone, abanegura ubuvanganzo babarirwa murukurikirane rwa Platovsky.
"Umuganwa wa Black" aranga imiterere yikigereranyo nubwenge, ndetse no kuzuza ibitekerezo bya filozofiya. Kubaka bigoye umugambi usimburwa nibitekerezo byimiterere nyamukuru. Rero, igitabo cyagaragaye ko kitoroshye, ariko gishimishije cyane. Byongeye kandi, umwanditsi ntabwo asobanura neza igitabo gitanga abasomyi amahitamo make yo gusobanura. Igitabo, cyahaye igihembo cya James Tait kandi gihimbajwe kuri Bucker Premium, yahuye no kunegura.
Guhanga umwanditsi wa 1980 yaranzwe no kwiyongera kw'ibice by'imikino, yatangiye gukora ibitabo by'imikino, byatangiye gukora ibisobanuro bitandukanye, amakimbirane atandukanye, yihishe muri cote igoye, Anuzis. Abaroma "Ishuri ryiza", ryasohotse mu 1985, rivuga kuri psychoanalyst, ni nde muntu na dayimoni, na wizard usinze.
Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoImirimo iheruka yanditswe na Merrock yatakaje igikundiro kidashira cya prose, cyari cyarahawe akazi hakiri kare. Bakomeje imyitwarire. Umwanditsi wa nyuma w'umwanditsi, yasohotse mu 1992, yiswe ikibazo cya "Jackson".
Mu 1987, Iris yahawe izina "Porofeseri w'icyubahiro Oxford". Umwaka utaha, yabaye nyir'igihembo gikomeye cya Shakespeare. Byongeye kandi, mu 1989, umugore ahabwa umutware mukuru "Umutegarugori w'umuyobozi w'ibwami y'Ubwongereza", kandi mu 1997 - igihembo cy'ahabwe "ingofero y'icyubahiro" ikaramu ya zahabu "kuri serivisi ku baturage b'amava mu butegetsi bw'Ubwongereza.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu buzima bwite bwa Iris bwarokotse amakinamico 2 akomeye: Mu ntambara, yapfuye abantu bakundwa cyane - Franz Steiner na Frank Thompson. Kubera iyo mpamvu, igihe kinini umugore yananiwe guhambira umubano ukomeye.
Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoMu ntangiriro za 50, Merrock yahuye na Oxford hamwe na mugenzi wawe witwa John Bailey. Yakoraga nk'umwarimu, umwanditsi n'ubugome, kugira ngo umugabo n'abagore bafite inyungu nyinshi. Mu 1956, bifatanije n'imibano y'ubukwe kandi ntizatandukana kugeza apfuye umwanditsi ukomeye. Abashakanye ntibari bafite abana.
Ikigaragara gishimishije nuko nyuma y'urupfu Iris, umugabo we yahimbye igitabo cya biografi hamwe n'amafoto yububiko, nyuma yaje kuba ishingiro rya firime izwi cyane yakiriye amashusho menshi "Oscar". Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Merrock ya hafi n'ibibi yagaragaye n'igitabo, avuga ko ibyabaye mu biografiya bye byagoretse kandi bikabije.
Urupfu
Iris Merdock, aduhanga azwi n'umuryango wose w'ubuvanganzo, mu myaka yashize y'ubuzima yarwaye indwara ya Alzheimer. Iyi niyo mpamvu itera urupfu rwe.Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoYatakaje kwibuka, adashobora gukomeza ibikorwa by'ubwenge, kandi ntiyashoboye kwikorera. Ibibazo byose byatwaye umugabo we, ninde wakoze byose kugirango umugore atahabwa urugo rwonfoni.
Ku ya 8 Gashyantare 1999, Iris Merdock yarapfuye. Umwanditsi asigara inyuma y'umurage ukomeye.
Amagambo
"Urukundo nigihe kiri hagati yisi yose ihinduka kandi ikajya yimukira munani" "Shakisha - ibi ni byo byigisha cyane. Mu gihe runaka, ibibazo bitandukanye rwose, ariko ibibazo byabantu byose ntabwo bikomeye, ariko mukeneye Mubafatene uburemere "Bibliografiya
- 1954 - "munsi y'urusobe"
- 1957 - "igihome ku mucanga"
- 1963 - "Unicorn"
- 1964 - "Umutaliyani"
- 1969 - "Gusinzira Bruno"
- 1970 - "Gutakaza"
- 1975 - "URUPFU RW'IJAMBO"
- 1978 - "Inyanja, Inyanja"
- 1993 - "Green Knight"
- 1995 - "Ikibazo cya Jackson"