Amateka y'inyuguti
Intare Nikolayevich Tolstoy - Umwanditsi wa filozofiya, atera inkunga kunanirwa kw'ikibi n'urugomo. Inkuru "Haji Murat", yeguriwe umuntu uriho, amurika neza iri hame.Amateka yo kurema imico
Umusore w'imyaka makumyabiri n'umwe, intare tolstoy yinjiye muri Caucase kandi yitabira imirwano. Mu bitabo, ibyabaye bifitanye isano na Haji Murat bivugwa inshuro nyinshi. Gushimwa k'uyu muntu ntibyari bibi, nuko umwanditsi w'akazi ahitamo Hadji-murat Highlander hamwe na Prototype y'intwari y'akazi. Igitekerezo cyinkuru cyatangiriye mu 1896. Umwanditsi yabaye afite ishyaka ryo kwiga ubuzima bw'umurwanyi n'urufatiro rw'imivugo yabereye muri Caucase. Kugeza 1897, ibishushanyo byambere byinkuru byagaragaye.
Mu 1898, ikindi kintu cyinshi mu nyandiko. Ibi byakurikiwe nimyaka itatu yumurimo usaba kwinjira mubigeragezo mubibazo no kwiga ukuri. Kugeza mu 1902, akazi kari ku cyiciro cya nyuma cyakazi. Ariko tolstoy yahisemo kumenyekanisha mu gishushanyo kivuga cya Nicholas Nanjye, kandi umwanditsi yagombaga kwiga ibikoresho by'inyongera. Ibyahinduwe byanyuma byakozwe mu 1904.
HAJI MURAT yari umurwanyi udatinya. Ubwenge bwumugabanguye bwatunguye abahagarariye igihugu icyo aricyo cyose. Ibitero by'umuyobozi w'abanyamafarasi wari uzwiho kwiba no kwigirira icyizere, n'umuyoboro - utateganijwe. Tolstoy yashimye ko Haji Muratu yashoboye kuzenguruka urutoki rw'umuyobozi wubwenge - Umuganwa POVONTSOV na Prince Argutinsky-Dolgokova.
Ibisobanuro by'izina ry'abasilamu byasobanuwe gusa. Byahinduwe kuva murat yicyarabu bisobanura "kwibasirwa", na Hija - "ingendo". HAJI MURAT yavukiye i Hunzach. Ibitekerezo bye bya politiki byahindutse bitewe nibyo umuntu akunda.
Yari umujyanama n'umufasha w'Abarusiya, hanyuma imyaka 15 akora nk'umurwanda w'inyungu za Imamu Shamil, watumye umuyobozi mukuru wa Hadji Murat wa Ovat Havars akaba ahagarariye. Mugihe cyingenzi nintwari yari amahame ninyungu. Ku ya 22, umuyobozi w'abaturage ba Hongzakh bashoboye gufata imbaraga no kubikomeza imyaka 9, kuba kuruhande rwisi yose hamwe na shamil.
Yashyigikiye ingabo z'Abarusiya kandi yagumye ku gikari nyuma yo gufatwa na Hongzakh. Umugabo rero aba umuyobozi w'ingabo za Avarian hamwe na Khan Sultan-Ahmeda. Bidatinze kubera guhangana na Khan Khaji-murat byashinjwaga ubuhemu kandi birukanwa mu gutura, aho bagiye bahuje bakurikiranwa n'ejo.
Umurwanyi washoboye gutoroka. Nyuma yibyo, yabaye "ukuboko kw'iburyo" umwanzi uherutse - Shamil. Twese hamwe, Abayisilamu bafunzwe bafite imyaka 10 batinya Ikirusiya, gutegura ibitero nibikorwa byo guhana. Ariko ubucuti na Imamu bwarangije kurangira kubera kwitegura kwamagufizi ashize amanga.
Mu guhangana kwa nyuma, yaje kuba ingwate. Umurwanyi wa Revicative wemeye urupfu mu ntambara ndende y'amaraso, aho yahuye n'abasirikare benshi. Ndetse yakomeretse, yakomeje gukubita icyo gitero. HAJI MURATS YATANZWE MU GUKURIKIRA Umutwe.
Umugani "HAJI MURAT"
Ibikubiye mu nkuru bivuga ibya herbrom avarza, birwanya ingabo z'Uburusiya muri Caucase. Amaze kuva i Imamu, yihishe muri Saichen Aul, hanyuma arahunga. Intwari yahisemo kujya mu bukorikori n'abatavuga rumwe na batangira gufasha Abarusiya. Yakoranye gahunda yo gutsinda kuri Imamu no kubohora umuryango, wari uhagaze na Shamil.
Kuba mumwanya wubu bunyage, HAJI MURAT akira neza inshuti nshya. Ubushishozi Prince Vorontsova yanditse ubuzima bwa anvar, kandi umusomyi aba umuhamya mubintu byingenzi byubuzima bwintwari. Kubera ubuyobozi bwa minisitiri wa gisirikare Cherryshev, amasezerano na HAJI MURATT asenyuka, yiruka. Nkibisubizo byikirere, umurwanyi wintwari uhinduka kurenga. Irakozwe, kandi bazana umutwe ku gikomangoma.
Ubutwari bwa Hadji-Murat yatsinze imisozi ubwabo. Yahoraga arwanya abayobozi beza b'ingabo z'Abarusiya, nk'uko umurwanyi watowe kandi urye. Mugihe cyo gukora umurimo, tolstoy wahumetswe no kudatinya no kugena intwari ye. Umugabo wuje urukundo numutinyi wuntwari yarwanye ubuzima bwe bwose.
Ku bw'umuryango, yagiye kugira amasezerano atameze neza maze aba imfungwa. Umusozi w'ubutwari, wakurikiranye intego ze, ntabwo yifuzaga gutinda mu Barusiya, abonye ko atazabona igisubizo cyabo.
Gukingira
Intare Tolstoy ntabwo yari umuhanzi wenyine, watangajwe nabayoboke ba Haji murat. Abayobozi ba Usssr, Turukiya n'Ubutaliyani bakoze sitasiyo ya firime ishingiye ku gitabo cy'umwanditsi. Filime ya mbere ni "shitani yera" - yasohotse mu 1930 muri USSR. Umuyobozi Alexander Volkov yatumiwe uruhare runini muri firime yumukinnyi Ivana Mozroshin.
Mu 1959, Umutaliyani Ricardo Freda yakuyeho film ya Khugi Murat - Sekibi wera n'umwuga wa Steve Rivza. Mu 1968, byashyizweho umushinga wamugaye muri Turukiya. Uruhare nyamukuru muri firime rwakozwe na Günit arkin. Kandi mu 1966, Georgy Deliaty yabaye ibintu byamateka arimo Hadji Murat. Rasul Gamzatov yanditse inyandiko ku nyandiko, ariko film ntiyari yemerewe kurasa igenzura ry'Abasoviyeti.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Gukora ku iremwa ry'inkuru, Abalewi NikoLavich Tolstoy bize ibikoresho byinshi. Yashakaga kwerekana imbabazi n'imiterere y'intwari y'intambara, kandi asobanura neza amateka nyayo. Kwandika igishushanyo cya mbere, umwanditsi yize impapuro zirenga 5.000. Inkuru yerekana amakuru yamenye mububiko ninyandiko zemewe.
- Ubutwari n'urusengero bya Haji Muratsus bigaruriye umubyimba w'urukundo, ndetse anajyana na mwene wabo wa Highlander. Umuhungu wa Anvar gullah mu nyongerandikire yasangiye n'umwanditsi ibisobanuro birambuye ku buzima bwa Data.
- Tolstoy ntabwo yaharaniye muri verisiyo ya Hadji Murat kandi ntiyigeze yerekanwa inkuru mubuzima bwe. Ngiyo icyemezo cyumwimerere cyumwanditsi. Nyuma y'urupfu rwe, yasohoye igitabo cyitwa "Ibikorwa by'iposita L.N. Tolstoy, "aho inkuru yinjiye. Yasohotse i Moscou mu 1912, nyuma yo guhindura akurikije amategeko yo kugenzura. Muri Berlin, muri uwo mwaka, igitabo cyakozwe kitazimye. Abasomyi b'Uburusiya baba barashoboye gusoma neza inkuru mu 1917.