Chiphunzitso
Christopher Tolien anali mwana wa wolemba dzina lotchuka John Toolien, yemwe analemba buku la "Hobbit, kapena kumbuyo ndi" Mbulo "wa mphete". Pulofesa, mkonzi ndi yunivesite adagwiranso mabuku ndikugwira ntchito pa ntchito, omwe analibe nthawi yofalitsa abambo otchuka.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Christopher John ruel tolkien adabadwira ku UK ndikukhala mwana wachitatu wa wolemba wachipembedzo ndi mkazi wake Etid Brakt. Kumangidwa pa Novembala 21, 1924, mwanayo anakulira limodzi ndi abale, osadziwa ubwana wosowa nkhawa komanso mavuto.
Pambuyo pa olowa akulu, John ndi Michael, mwanayo adapita kusukulu ku Oxford, kenako nalowa ku koleji ya okamba, yomwe idayitanitsa sukulu ya Katolika. Kumeneko anapambana mu gawo la mabuku ndi luso komanso kuthokoza kwa maluso achilengedwe atakhala eni ake mphoto zingapo.
Pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, Christopher, kutsatira chitsanzo cha kholo lotchuka, adalowa m'gulu lachifumu kulowa mlengalenga. Anadutsa maphunziro a oyendetsa ndege ndipo adakhala mkulu wamapepala, komwe mpaka 1945 adagwira ntchito motetezeka.
Malinga ndi zithunzi za zikalata, tolkien Revolic ndi makolo ake omwe adatsutsa zomwe akuchita za Germany, zomwe zidawononga anthu masauzande ambiri. Anatsatira malingaliro a abambo ake kuti dziko lapansi lilamuliridwa ndi dziko lapansi, ndipo anakaona izi kwa zaka zazitali.
Pambuyo pa kutha kwa ziwembuzo, Christopher akufowoka ku gulu lankhondo, ndipo atanyamula tchuthi kupita ku kwawo, adapita ku Yunivesite ya Oxford. Anaphunzira Chingerezi ndi mabuku ali ndi Comrades ku College Utatu ndipo adalandira digiri ya Bachelor ali ndi zaka 25.
Tikufuna kupitiliza kuphunzira ndikusintha mu gawo la zilankhulo, Tolkien adakhalabe pamaphunziro owonjezera omwe adabweretsa diploma yachiwiri. Kenako adalumikizana ndi banjali, lomwe limakhala ndi owerenga ndi otsutsa, komanso adalowa nawo "gulu la" kutsogozedwa ndi Atate.
Tili ndi chidwi chachikulu pakupanga umunthu wa Christopher kunaperekedwa ndi ntchito za kholo, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi nthano zoyambirira kwa ana. Anasiya ulendo wa ulendo wa bilbo sargins, zina zomwe zidalembedwa ndikusungidwa mpaka lero.
Mabuku
Bigraography ya womaliza maphunziro a axford idakonzedweratu ndikuyamba ndi zosintha komanso kumasulira. Anapita kukakambirana gulu lomwe ntchito zamakono zidafotokozedwa ndikuthandizira olemba kuti alowe muzolemba.Mwa omwe adadziwika ndi Tolien anali ndi kachilombo ka Steiplz Lewis ndi Charles Williams, komanso Owen Barfield, Roy Campbell, Colin Haxy. Anthu awa anali a zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana ndi zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana, koma malingaliro amasulira malingaliro ndikuwonetsa kukula kwa kulenga.
Nthawi iliyonse akalowa kudziko lokongola, Christopher anakhudza wokongola ndikupanga kukoma kwa luso. Popita nthawi, adayamba kutsutsa osakhudzidwa, omwe adapereka upangiri wosafunikira ndipo sanachite manyazi ndi mawu akuti zakukhosi kwake.
Mkulu wa Mlengi wa Mediterranean nthawi zambiri ankalankhula ndi kholo lake ndikumuthandiza posintha malembedwe ndikupanga makhadi akulu akulu. Kukula kwatsatanetsatane kwa chikonzero cha chilengedwe chokhala ndi bwalo, Gondra ndi Arnor amafuna chisamaliro chambiri, nthawi ndi ntchito.
Bokosi lodziyimira lokhalokha limakhala "Saga lonena za hervori ndi Heidlek" ku Iceland ndi lofalitsidwa mu 60s. M'mayambiriro ndi ndemanga zapadera zomwe zimawonekera m'nkhaniyi, wolemba ananena malingaliro ake zamitundu yakale.
Mabuku adasiyira malo omwe amachita zochitika zogogoda, ndipo Christopher adakhalabe pulofesa wopezeka a Oxford, atatsanso phazi la abambo ake. Anawathandizanso kuti ophunzira azidziwa zambiri komanso kuthekera kwa sayansi kuti amvere maphwando mpaka kumapeto.
Mu 1975, kusiya Dipatimenti Yoyerekeza Yaupangiri, Christopher, potenga nawo mbali kwa anthu ngati omwe ali ndi malingaliro, omwe amagwira ntchito m'mabuku. Anamaliza silmarmarillion, omwe sanamalize ndi kholo lake ndikufalitsa "mbiri ya Mediterranean", pogwiritsa ntchito zolemba za wolemba.
Pokhala chiwonetsero chazolemba za a John Tolkina, mwana wamwamuna anasonkhanitsa zolemba pamanja zonse kumayambiriro kwa 2000s. Chifukwa chake panali nkhani "ana a Fifini" ndi Roman "Beren ndi Lutin", komanso ntchito ya "kugwa kwa Gondoline", komwe kunali kotsiriza kwa ntchito ya abambo ake.
Kuphatikiza apo, bukulo lidasinthidwanso ndi buku lomwe silinafotokoze ku The Mediterranean lofalitsidwa pansi pa dzina "nthano ya SUDRARD ndi Gudrun". Maonekedwe ake adakopa chidwi cha mafani masauzande a nthano chabe ya mbiriyakale, ndipo phokoso losaneneka lidakwera mdera lolemba lakale.
Posakhalitsa, Petro Jackson adanyamula zojambula zamabuku a Tolkina, komwe maudindo a mages adachitidwa ndi Ian McCerllen ndi Christopher Lee. Elaji Wood, Viggo Ristthn, Orlao pachimake ndipo Dominic Monogan adasewera mamembala a Boma la Maginale ndi Nkhalamo Dziko Lopeka.
Makanema omwe alandila machenjera angapo omwe adapangitsa kuti Christopher sakhumudwa, zomwe zidawona kuti ntchito ya nthano idasandulika kukhala wankhondo yosavuta. Anayesa kuletsa kutha kwa mafilimu akuluakulu kudutsa khothi, koma, popanda kukhala ndi ufulu kuzolowera trilogy, kumapeto, palibe chomwe chafika.
Mu 2009, mkangano womwewo udabuka ndi "Hobbit", koma mzere watsopano wa kanema uger mozizwitsa kukana zonena. Kupanga episodes atatu kunayandikira kwambiri, kulemekeza malingaliro a wolowa kwa wolembayo ndipo osafuna kupita kukaika pachiwopsezo.
Moyo Wanu
M'moyo wa Christopher Tolien, panali ukwati uliwonse wovomerezeka, koma adakhala wosangalala kwambiri ku France pagulu la mkazi womaliza. Gulu la Billy linathandiza mwamuna wake pogwira ntchito zolemba pamanja, komanso zolemba ndi makhadi omwe adasinthidwa.
Pulofesa ndi zilankhulo anali ndi mwana wamwamuna kuchokera kwa wokondedwa woyamba yemwe adatchuka ngati wolemba, loya ndi mlangizi wa filimu. Anakangana ndi kholo lake chifukwa cha mgwirizano ndi gulu la filimuyi, kupotoza lingaliro la John Tolien ndipo nsalu zake zidafooka.
Ndili ndi ana ena, Rakele ndi Adamu, Christopher adathandizira maubwenzi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'nyumba, m'gawo la anthu akoko. Mutu woletsedwa womwe umawonedwa kuti ndi womasulidwa wa filimuyi, zivute zitani, zomwe zimapangidwa ndikumenya chophimba.
Imfa
Pa Januware 16, 2020, kopesidwa kwa mafakitale inanena kuti mwana wa John Tolkina adamwalira kuchipatala kudera la varne. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, iye kuyambira ali mwana wakumana ndi mavuto amtima, ndipo chifukwa cha imfa yokhazikika inali vuto lina lamphamvu.M'bali
- 1980 - "Nthano za Nnthwen of Numenora ndi Mediterranean"
- 1983-1996 - "Mbiri ya Mediterranean"
- 2007 - "Ana a Fish"
- 2009 - "Nthano ya Sagurd ndi Gudrun"
- 2013 - "Arth Arthur"
- 2017 - "Beren ndi Lutin"
- 2018 - "Drolina"